Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 254 views

    Water

    Uploaded by

    shyjaaraj
    The document summarizes global fresh water resources. It notes that while the Earth's surface is mostly covered in water, only 2.7% is freshwater and less than 1% is available for human use, with most freshwater locked up in icecaps and glaciers. It provides data on the volumes of water stored in different parts of the global water cycle. It discusses issues like increasing scarcity of freshwater from population growth and climate change, as well as threats from pollution, overconsumption, and climate impacts. Some regions like China, India, South Africa and the Middle East are expected to experience serious freshwater shortages in the coming decades.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Water

    Uploaded by

    shyjaaraj
    254 views25 pages
    The document summarizes global fresh water resources. It notes that while the Earth's surface is mostly covered in water, only 2.7% is freshwater and less than 1% is available for human use, with most freshwater locked up in icecaps and glaciers. It provides data on the volumes of water stored in different parts of the global water cycle. It discusses issues like increasing scarcity of freshwater from population growth and climate change, as well as threats from pollution, overconsumption, and climate impacts. Some regions like China, India, South Africa and the Middle East are expected to experience serious freshwater shortages in the coming decades.

    Original Title

    water.ppt

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    The document summarizes global fresh water resources. It notes that while the Earth's surface is mostly covered in water, only 2.7% is freshwater and less than 1% is available for human use, with most freshwater locked up in icecaps and glaciers. It provides data on the volumes of water stored in different parts of the global water cycle. It discusses issues like increasing scarcity of freshwater from population growth and climate change, as well as threats from pollution, overconsumption, and climate impacts. Some regions like China, India, South Africa and the Middle East are expected to experience serious freshwater shortages in the coming decades.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    254 views25 pages

    Water

    Uploaded by

    shyjaaraj
    The document summarizes global fresh water resources. It notes that while the Earth's surface is mostly covered in water, only 2.7% is freshwater and less than 1% is available for human use, with most freshwater locked up in icecaps and glaciers. It provides data on the volumes of water stored in different parts of the global water cycle. It discusses issues like increasing scarcity of freshwater from population growth and climate change, as well as threats from pollution, overconsumption, and climate impacts. Some regions like China, India, South Africa and the Middle East are expected to experience serious freshwater shortages in the coming decades.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    You are on page 1of 25

    Fresh Water resources

    Global Overview
    While

    67% of Earths surface is covered by


    water, only less than 2.7% of global water is
    freshwater. Most of the freshwater (2.05%)
    are locked in ice caps and glaciers. Only
    less than 0.7% is available for human use.

    Over two thirds of the


    earth's surface is covered
    with water, 97.2% of which
    is contained in the five
    oceans. The Antarctic ice
    sheet, containing 90% of all
    fresh water on the planet, is
    visible at the bottom.
    Atmospheric water vapour
    can be seen as clouds,
    contributing to the earth's
    albedo.

    Iceberg and Polar cap store most of the fresh water


    on Earth

    Volume of water stored in


    the water cycle's reservoirs
    Reservoir

    Volume of water Percent


    (106 km)
    of total

    Ocean
    Ice caps & glaciers
    Groundwater
    Lakes
    Soil Moisture
    Atmosphere
    Streams & rivers
    Biosphere

    1370
    29
    9.5
    0.125
    0.065
    0.013
    0.0017
    0.0006

    97.25
    2.05
    0.68
    0.01
    0.005
    0.001
    0.0001
    0.00004

    Scarcity of fresh water


    On

    a global basis, fresh water is a


    increasingly scarce resource. It is partially
    caused by increasing population coupled by
    change of consumption pattern and climate
    changes.

    Water consumption for food


    production (I)
    Meat

    production use a lot of water when


    compared to growing food crops.
    A shift in food consumption pattern toward
    more meat consumption will cause a
    substantial increase in water consumption.

    Water consumption for food


    production (II)

    Competing water uses (I)

    Competing water uses (II)


    Industrialized

    / developed countries tend to


    use more water in their industrial
    production.
    Other countries tend to use more water for
    agricultural uses.

    Fresh Water supply

    Problems related to Water crisis


    Inadequate

    access to safe drinking water by


    over 1.1 billion people
    Groundwater overdrafting leading to
    diminished agricultural yields
    Overuse and pollution of water resources
    harming biodiversity
    Regional conflicts over scarce water
    resources sometimes resulting in warfare.

    Threats to fresh water resources


    Climate

    change causes change in


    frequencies of droughts and floods.
    Depletion of aquifers caused by overconsumption as a result of population
    growth.
    Pollution and contamination by sewage,
    agricultural and industrial runoff.

    Distribution of population and


    water resources

    Pressure of freshwater ecosystem

    Fresh Water Outlook


    Estimated

    from existing data, some


    countries are going to experience serious
    shortage of fresh water supply in the
    coming 20 years time.
    China, India and South Africa and Middle
    East countries may among the most
    adversely affected countries.

    Water in China

    According to the World Bank forecast, Mainland China has


    only a per-capita share of 2700 cubic meters per annum,
    one fourth of the world's average at present.
    Half of China's 617 largest cities face water deficits.
    Beijing is among the most water-short.
    The areas south of the Yangtze River, China's longest,
    which account for only 36.5 per cent of the country's total
    territory, have 80.9 per cent of its total water resources.
    However the areas north of the Yangtze, which make up
    63.5 per cent of China, possess only 19.1 per cent of total
    water resources.

    Desalination of sea water as


    fresh water supply
    Desalination

    of sea water can be done either


    via distillation or membrane process.
    Both process requires large amount of
    energy and thus costly, which means
    desalination remains an expensive option for
    providing reliable fresh water supply,
    restricted to only economically well-off
    countries.

    You might also like