Recent Trends in Automobile Seminar

PRESENTED BY: Gautam J
(4mc04au013)
Introduction
Introduction
The internal combustion engine has
The
has
beeninternal
with uscombustion
since aboutengine
1885. With
been
with
us
since
about
1885.
With
lasting engine concept, the automakers
lasting
engine concept,
automakers
are modernizing
their I.Cthe
engines
and
are
modernizing
their
I.C engines and
vehicles
to be more
economical,
vehicles
to
be
more
economical,
environmental friendly and safer
environmental
and
safer the
considering thefriendly
gasoline
shortage,
considering
the
gasoline
shortage,
the
proposed emission norms and safety
proposed
norms the
andvarious
safety
standards.emission
Let us discuss
standards.
Let us
discuss
the various
modern trends
in the
internal
modern
trends
in
the
internal
combustion engines and automobiles.
combustion engines and automobiles.
The Trend
Will the internal combustion engine be able to cope

with these challenges also in the future?
Exhaust
emission
Fuel
Economy
Safety
Noise and
vibration
Current
solutions
Direct
injection
Direct fuel
is where fuel is
Injection
injected
(directly) into
the cylinders,
not mixed with
air in the inlet
manifold or
inlet ports
before being
drawn into the
Advantages of Direct fuel

injection
Due to multiple
injections, uniform A/F
mixture supplied to
cylinder; thus difference
in power developed in
each cylinder is
minimum. Noise and
Vibration from the
engine is less.
Since the engine is
controlled by ECU,
accurate A/F mixture
supplied resulting in
complete combustion
leading to effective
utilization of fuel
Some of the types of direct

injection systems
MPFi Engine
Multi Point Fuel
Injection system. In
this system each
cylinder has number
ofinjectors to
supply/spray fuel into
the cylinders .
CRDi Engine
Common Rail Direct
injection system. In
this system, all the
injectors are supplied
by a common fuel
supply line or a
manifold called the
Variable valve timing and

lift
Principle is to use a twoposition advance or
retard of either an
engines intake or
exhaust camshaft to
better match the
engines operating
conditions.Two main
factors that determine an
I.C engine performance
are
The point at which
valves open.
The duration of the
valves being open.
Some of the types of

variable
valve
timing system
VTEC Engine
(Variable
Valve-Timing and Lift
Electronic
Control)
VTEC works by varying
valve timing and lift to
compensate for the
time delay and out-ofphase arrival of the airfuel charge at the
intake
valve.
Shifts
valve
between
two
separate sets of cam
lobesone for highspeed operation and
one for low.
Advantages
Low fuel
consumption
appreciable
increase in power
lower tail pipe
emission.
Valvetronic
system, which can
continuously vary
the opening stroke
of the intake valves
to optimize engine
power and
efficiency.
reduces pumping
SUPER AND TURBO

CHARGERS
Forcing more air into a cylinder allows more
fuel to be burned, generating more power
from an engine of a given weight and size;
that's
the basic idea behind super-charging
Turbocharger
and
turbo-charging.
After
exhaust gases leave
the cylinders, they pass
into one of the chambers
spinning turbine. As this
turbine spins, it spins the
turbine in the opposite
chamber(compressor). As
this compressor spins, it
draws in outside air and
forces it into the engine
intake manifold and finally
into the combustion
chambers.
Supercharger
The key difference
between a turbocharger
and a supercharger is its
power supply. Something
has to supply the power
to run the air compressor.
In a supercharger, there is
a belt that connects
directly to the engine. It
gets its power the same
way that the water pump
or alternator does.
Types of superchargers
Roots type
Twin screw type
Centrifugal type
Advantages of super and

turbo chargers
Turbochargers are light weight,
mechanical simplicity and
durability, uses engine exhaust,
less fuel is consumed. Since the
volume of exhaust gas is
dependent upon engine load,
The greater the load, the more
the turbo boast.
Superchargers are smaller and
for lighter engine, easier to
install
Both help in contol of
detonation
Hybrid engines
A hybrid propulsion system
uses a petrol or diesel engine
with an electric motor in some
combination.
One variation is to have the
wheels driven only by the
electric motor or motors,
current coming from batteries.
The petrol engine drives a
generator to charge the
batteries; it can be turned on
and off as needed.
Other variation is to have a
relatively small petrol engine
drive the wheels through a
mechanical transmission. An
electric motor provides
assistance when high power is
needed - overtaking and
climbing hills.
Types and advantages of

hybrid engines
Hybrid electric-petroleum vehicles

Continuously outboard recharged electric vehicle
(COREV)
Hybrid fuel (dual mode)
Fluid power hybrid
Advantages
Lower emissions and better
mileage.
Braking are configured to capture
kinetic energy thus Batteries need
not be charged by an external
source.
Reduce the dependency on fossil
fuels which directely affects fuel
prices.
Rotating Liner
It is developed to reduce
Engine
engine friction and
increase fuel economy in
Heavy Duty Engines. The
cylinder liner rotates and
a unique hydrodynamic
face seal replaces the
conventional head
gasket. Thus over
comings the piston ringliner wear around
TDC( due to low
magnitude of sliding
speed around)
Advantages
Improve efficiency and
reduce fuel consumption.
Prolong engine life.
Conclusion
Despite the green hype,
internal-combustion engines
with its latest and advanced
technology will keep powering
vehicles for the foreseeable
future.
you

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PRESENTED BY: Gautam J

Will the internal combustion engine be able to cope

Advantages of Direct fuel

Some of the types of direct

Variable valve timing and

Some of the types of

SUPER AND TURBO

Advantages of super and

Types and advantages of

Hybrid electric-petroleum vehicles

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