Anatomy and Physiology: Urinary System (Renal System)

ANATOMY AND
PHYSIOLOGY
URINARY SYSTEM
(RENAL SYSTEM)
Prepared by: Diana Jeanne T.
Paculanan
RENAL SYSTEM
-Is responsible for the creation, storage and elimination of
urine.
- allows the body to eliminate nitrogenous wastes, such as
urea and uric acid
-Allows the body to adjust its concentrations of salt by
producing dilute or concentrated urine.
Functions
Regulation of the volume of blood by
excretion or conservation of water.

Regulation of the electrolyte content of the
blood by the excretion or conservation of
minerals.
Regulation of the acid-base balance of the
blood by excretion or conservation of ions
Regulation of all of the above in tissue fluid.
Parts of Renal System

Kidneys
Ureter
Bladder
Urethra

Kidneys
- is to separate urea, mineral salts, toxins and

other waste products from the blood.
- filtering out wastes to be excreted in the urine.
- regulating BP
- regulating an acid-base balance
- stimulating RBC production

Ureters
- transports urine from the renal pelvis of the

kidney to which it is attracted, to the bladder.
- pass beneath the urinary bladder, which
results in the bladder compressing the ureters
and hence preventing back-flow of urine
when pressure in the bladder is high during
urination.

Bladder
- store urine
- expels urine into the urethra (Micturation)
Micturation involves both voluntary and

involutary muscles.

Urethra
- is the passageway through which urine is

discharged from the body
FACT :
Main difference between the urinary

system of male and female is the
length of urethra.
Other Parts of Renal System

Nephrons functional unit of kidney. Each
kidney is formed of about one million

nephrons.
Glomerulus filters the blood
Bowmans Capsule is a large double walled
cup. It lies in the renal cortex
Tubular Component necessary substances
are being reabsorbed
Loop of Henle create a concentration gradient in
the medulla of the kidney.

- reabsorb water and important nutrients in the
filtrate.
Renal Vein a blood vessel that carries
deoxygenated blood out of the kidneys
Renal Artery supply clean, oxygen-rich blood to the
kidneys
Adrenal Gland (Suprarenal Gland) located on top
of the kidneys and is essential for balancing salt and
water in the body
Three process in Urine

Formation
Glomerular filtration
Beginning of the process.
A process by which the blood courses
through the glomeruli, much of its fluid,

containg both useful chemicals and dissolve
waste materials, soaks out the blood through
membranes where it is filtered and then flows
into Bowmans capsule.
Tubular Reabsorption
A movement of substances out of the renal
tubules back into the blood capillaries located

around the tubules (peritubular capillaries).
Tubular Secretion
disposing of substances not already in the
filtrate (drugs)
eliminating undesirable substances that have
been reabsorbed by passive processes (urea
and uric acid)
ridding the body of excess potassium ions
controlling pH
Glomerular Filtration Rate

is the amount of fluid filtered from the blood
into the capsule each minute. Factors

governing the filtration rate at the capillary
beds are:
1. total surface area available for filtration
2. filtration membrane permeability
3. net filtration pressure
URINARY SYSTEM
Kidneys
Urinary Tract
(ureter)
Urinary
Bladder
Arteries and
Veins
Kidney
Hilus
Lobules
Nephrons
Kidney
Nephron
tubule
Nephron
Renal Blood flow

Lobular
arteries
Renal artery
Hilus
Segmental
arteries
Urine Formation
Glomerular
filtration
Tubular
reabsorption
Tubular
secretion
Water
conservation
Urinary Tract
(ureter)
Urinary
Bladder
Urethra
Summary
Kidneys performed as the bodys main Excretory
function by filtering the blood and selectively

reabsorbed those materials that are needed to
maintain a stable internal environment.
Nephrons is the functional unit of the kidneys.
It is composed by a glomerulus which filters the blood
and the tubular component where necessary
substances are reabsorbed into the the blood stream
and the unneeded materials are secreted into the
tubular filtrate for elimination and urine.
Thank you

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ANATOMY AND

excretion or conservation of water.

Parts of Renal System

Parts of Renal System

- is to separate urea, mineral salts, toxins and

Parts of Renal System

- transports urine from the renal pelvis of the

Parts of Renal System

Micturation involves both voluntary and

Parts of Renal System

- is the passageway through which urine is

Main difference between the urinary

Other Parts of Renal System

kidney is formed of about one million

Loop of Henle create a concentration gradient in

the medulla of the kidney.

Three process in Urine

through the glomeruli, much of its fluid,

tubules back into the blood capillaries located

Glomerular Filtration Rate

into the capsule each minute. Factors

Renal Blood flow

function by filtering the blood and selectively

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