Unit 3 - Measures of Central Tendency
Unit 3 - Measures of Central Tendency
Unit 3 - Measures of Central Tendency
MEASURES OF
CENTRAL
TENDENCY
1
OBJECTIVES :
By the end of this chapter, you should be able to
:
Define the Central Tendency measurement
Calculate the measure of central tendency for
ungrouped data using the mean, median,
mode quartiles, percentiles and deciles.
Calculate the measure of central tendency for
grouped data using the mean, median, mode
quartiles, percentiles and deciles.
Determine the empirical relationship between
mean, median and mode
2
Introduction
Introduction
A) Mean
It is the average of a group of data.
That is computed by taking the sum of all
data values and then dividing it by the
number of data.
For example, if the statistics test scores of
five students are 70,80,60,90, and 50, then
the mean score of the statistics test for five
students is ( 70 + 80 + 60 + 90 + 50 )/ 5 =
70.
B) Median
Introduction
Is value that list in the center of the data.
To determine the median, one has to
arrange the data in ascending or descending
order and then select the central value of
the data as the median.
Using the data supplied earlier and
arranging the data in ascending order we
obtain 50, 60, 70, 80, 90. The center value is
70 and we conclude that the median is 70.
C)
Mode
Introduction
Value of data with the highest
frequency in a data set.
For example : If the data set is
50, 60, 70, 70, 70, 80, 90, 90,
then the mode is 70 because it
occurs most Frequently (three
times) in the data set.
6
Example 1 :
n:
x
Mean, x
n
4330
10
= 433
data)
Example 1 :
n 1
Median
2
2
5.5 (Location)
435(value of median)
2
2
data)
Mode : Value of data with the highest frequency in a data set.
Example 1 :
mean
i)Basic Mean
ii)Estimate Mean
iii)Coding mean
These 3 methods will give same
answer even though they are
different from each other
10
1) BASIC MEAN
Sum of ( frequency x midpoint)
Mean, x
Total of frequency
fx
Mean, x
f
Class interval
0-4
5-9
10-14
15-19
20-24
25-29
30-34
11
f
2
4
6
8
4
2
4
2) ESTIMATE MEAN
fd
Mean, x A
f
Where :
A = Estimate (any value of midpoint)
f = Frequency
d = x A ( differentiate between midpoint and estimate mean, A)
12
Class
interval
0-4
5-9
10-14
15-19
20-24
25-29
30-34
f
2
4
6
8
4
2
4
3) CODING MEAN
fu
Mean, x A
xC
f
Where :
A =
f =
u =
13
x A
C
MEDIAN
Step 1
fm
fm
~
Median, x Lm
xC
Where :
Lm = Lower boundary of the median class
f = Sum of frequency
f= Cumulative frequency before the median class
fm = Frequency of the median class
14
C = Size of the Class Interval
m
Years of Number of
experien employee,
ce
f
1-4
5-8
9-12
13-16
17-20
21-24
25-28
15