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    Engineering Drawing & Graphics ME111: Lecture 11: Development and Sectioning

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    Kifayat Ullah
    This document discusses development and sectioning of solids in engineering drawing and graphics. It defines development as unfolding the surfaces of a hollow solid to show its 2D shape. Sectioning involves cutting a solid with an imaginary cutting plane to show internal details. Methods are described for developing the surfaces of various solids like prisms, pyramids, cylinders and determining the true shape of sections. A multi-step problem demonstrates sectioning a pentagonal prism and developing its remaining surface after cutting.

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    Engineering Drawing & Graphics ME111: Lecture 11: Development and Sectioning

    Uploaded by

    Kifayat Ullah
    341 views10 pages
    This document discusses development and sectioning of solids in engineering drawing and graphics. It defines development as unfolding the surfaces of a hollow solid to show its 2D shape. Sectioning involves cutting a solid with an imaginary cutting plane to show internal details. Methods are described for developing the surfaces of various solids like prisms, pyramids, cylinders and determining the true shape of sections. A multi-step problem demonstrates sectioning a pentagonal prism and developing its remaining surface after cutting.

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    Lecture 11 Development and Sectioning of Solids

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    This document discusses development and sectioning of solids in engineering drawing and graphics. It defines development as unfolding the surfaces of a hollow solid to show its 2D shape. Sectioning involves cutting a solid with an imaginary cutting plane to show internal details. Methods are described for developing the surfaces of various solids like prisms, pyramids, cylinders and determining the true shape of sections. A multi-step problem demonstrates sectioning a pentagonal prism and developing its remaining surface after cutting.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    341 views10 pages

    Engineering Drawing & Graphics ME111: Lecture 11: Development and Sectioning

    Uploaded by

    Kifayat Ullah
    This document discusses development and sectioning of solids in engineering drawing and graphics. It defines development as unfolding the surfaces of a hollow solid to show its 2D shape. Sectioning involves cutting a solid with an imaginary cutting plane to show internal details. Methods are described for developing the surfaces of various solids like prisms, pyramids, cylinders and determining the true shape of sections. A multi-step problem demonstrates sectioning a pentagonal prism and developing its remaining surface after cutting.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    ENGINEERING DRAWING &

    GRAPHICS
    ME111
    Lecture 11: Development and sectioning
    of Solids

    Assignment 05 Solution:
    A pentagonal prism of 25 mm side of base and axis 50 mm long, has a side of base in
    the H.P. and inclined at 60o to the V.P. The axis of the prism is inclined at 45o to the
    H.P. Draw its projections.
    d'
    d'

    e'
    c'

    e'
    c'

    a'
    o'

    d'

    b'

    o'
    b'

    b'

    a'
    a'
    i'

    i'
    j'

    h'

    j'

    h'

    p'
    x

    i'

    h'
    j'

    p'

    g'

    g'
    f'

    f'

    c
    g
    o

    d i

    g
    i

    j
    e

    b
    d

    p
    f

    g'

    f'

    h
    h

    c'

    e'

    b
    a

    e
    e

    SECTIONING A SOLID.
    An object ( here a solid ) is cut by
    some imaginary cutting plane
    to understand internal details of that
    object.

    The action of cutting is called


    SECTIONING a solid
    &
    The plane of cutting is called
    SECTION PLANE.

    utting actions means section planes are recommended.

    on Plane perpendicular to Vp and inclined to Hp.


    s is a definition of an Aux. Inclined Plane i.e. A.I.P.)
    TE:- This section plane appears
    as a straight line in FV.

    on Plane perpendicular to Hp and inclined to Vp.


    s is a definition of an Aux. Vertical Plane i.e. A.V.P.)
    TE:- This section plane appears
    as a straight line in TV.
    mber:er launching a section plane
    er in FV or TV, the part towards observer
    ssumed to be removed.
    ar as possible the smaller part is
    umed to be removed.

    OBSERVER
    ASSUME
    UPPER PART
    REMOVED

    AN
    PL
    .
    N
    TO N FV
    C
    I
    E

    (A)

    (B)

    ASSUME
    LOWER PART
    REMOVED

    SE

    OBSERVER

    CT
    ON
    IN PLA
    TV NE
    .

    ILLUSTRATION SHOWING
    IMPORTANT TERMS
    IN SECTIONING.

    For TV

    Fo
    rT
    ru
    e

    Sh
    ap
    e

    SECTION
    PLANE
    TRUE SHAPE
    Of SECTION
    x

    Apparent Shape
    of section
    SECTION LINES
    (450 to XY)

    SECTIONAL T.V.

    Section Plane
    Ellipse
    Section PlaneTriangle Through Generators
    Through Apex
    Par
    abo
    la

    Typical Section Planes


    &
    Typical Shapes
    Of
    Sections.

    Section Plane Parallel


    to end generator.
    Ellipse

    Cylinder through
    generators.

    Section Plane Hyperbola


    Parallel to Axis.
    Trapezium

    Sq. Pyramid through


    all slant edges

    DEVELOPMENT OF SURFACES OF SOLIDS.


    MEANING:ASSUME OBJECT HOLLOW AND MADE-UP OF THIN SHEET. CUT OPEN IT FROM ONE SIDE AND
    UNFOLD THE SHEET COMPLETELY. THEN THE SHAPE OF THAT UNFOLDED SHEET IS CALLED
    DEVELOPMENT OF LATERLAL SUEFACES OF THAT OBJECT OR SOLID.
    LATERLAL SURFACE IS THE SURFACE EXCLUDING SOLIDS TOP & BASE.
    ENGINEERING APLICATION:
    THERE ARE SO MANY PRODUCTS OR OBJECTS WHICH ARE DIFFICULT TO MANUFACTURE BY
    CONVENTIONAL MANUFACTURING PROCESSES, BECAUSE OF THEIR SHAPES AND SIZES.
    THOSE ARE FABRICATED IN SHEET METAL INDUSTRY BY USING
    DEVELOPMENT TECHNIQUE. THERE IS A VAST RANGE OF SUCH OBJECTS.
    EXAMPLES:Boiler Shells & chimneys, Pressure Vessels, Shovels, Trays, Boxes & Cartons, Large Pipe sections,
    Body & Parts of automotives, Ships, Aeroplanes and many more.

    WHAT IS
    OUR OBJECTIVE
    IN THIS TOPIC ?

    To learn methods of development of surfaces of


    different solids, their sections and frustums.
    1. Development is different drawing than PROJECTIONS.

    But before going ahead, 2. It is a shape showing AREA, means its a 2-D plain drawing.
    note following
    3. Hence all dimensions of it must be TRUE dimensions.
    4. As it is representing shape of an un-folded sheet, no edges can remain hidden
    Important points.
    And hence DOTTED LINES are never shown on development.

    Development of lateral surfaces of different solids.


    (Lateral surface is the surface excluding top & base)
    A Rectangle

    Cone: (Sector of circle)

    Pyramids: (No.of triangles)

    Cylinder:
    H

    H= Height D= base diameter

    Prisms:

    L= Slant edge.
    S = Edge of base

    R=Base circle radius.


    L=Slant height.
    R 3600

    No.of Rectangles

    H= Height

    S = Edge of base

    Tetrahedron: Four Equilateral Triangles

    All sides
    equal in length

    Cube: Six Squares.

    FRUSTUMS
    DEVELOPMENT OF
    FRUSTUM OF CONE

    DEVELOPMENT OF
    FRUSTUM OF SQUARE PYRAMID
    Base side
    Top side

    L1

    R
    L

    3600

    R= Base circle radius of cone


    L= Slant height of cone
    L1 = Slant height of cut part.

    L= Slant edge of pyramid


    L1 = Slant edge of cut part.

    Problem 1: A pentagonal prism , 30 mm base side & 50 mm axis


    is standing on Hp on its base with one side of the base perpendicular to VP.
    It is cut by a section plane inclined at 45 to the HP, through mid point of axis.
    Draw Fv, sec.Tv & sec. Side view. Also draw true shape of section and
    Development of surface of remaining solid.
    D

    E
    AP
    H
    S

    UE E
    R
    T

    Y1

    A
    d
    c

    e
    b

    X1

    c
    b

    X
    e
    d

    For True Shape:


    a
    Draw x1y1 // to sec. plane
    Draw projectors on it from
    cut points.
    Mark distances of points
    of Sectioned part from Tv,
    on above projectors from
    x1y1 and join in sequence.
    Draw section lines in it.
    It is required true shape.

    Solution Steps:for sectional views:


    Draw three views of standing prism.
    Locate sec.plane in Fv as described.
    Project points where edges are getting
    Cut on Tv & Sv as shown in illustration.
    Join those points in sequence and show
    Section lines in it.
    Make remaining part of solid dark.

    c
    b

    DEVELOPMENT

    For Development:
    Draw development of entire solid. Name from
    cut-open edge I.e. A. in sequence as shown.
    Mark the cut points on respective edges.
    Join them in sequence in st. lines.
    Make existing parts dev.dark.

    Thank you

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