England Before English-151

THE HISTORY OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE
Yanbu University College

ENGL 301-151
Prepared by: Ms. Sahar Deknash
BRITAIN=
England+ Scotland+ Wales+ Northern Ireland
THE OLD STONE AGE

What languages were found in England
before English?
The island was inhabited during the Stone
Age (2000 B.C). This era lasted for a
long time were the tools and
equipment were made of stones. It is
divided into two periods:
The Old Stone Age: ( Paleolithic Era)
a. A prehistoric era distinguished by the
development of the primitive stone
tools.
b. The people were the earliest inhabitants of
England.
c. They lived in open and later moved to
caves.
THE PALEOLITHIC ERA

d. They mastered hunting to get food
and depended on wild animals.
e. No records of their language were
found.
THE NEOLITHIC ERA

The New Stone Age: (Neolithic Era)
a. was a period in the development of
human technology, beginning in the
Middle East that is traditionally
considered the last part of the
Stone Age.
b. The people came from the
Mediterranean area.
c. They were technologically more
developed than the Paleolithic
people.
d. They lived in caves then houses, and
they buried their dead.
THE NEOLITHIC ERA

e. They domesticated animals for
food.
f. No records were left of their
language.
THE BRONZE AND IRON AGES

During the Bronze age, England
was inhabited by the Celts.
Who were the Celts?
a. They were divided up into
different tribes ruled by kings
or chiefs who lived in hill forts.
b. They were tied by similar
language, religion, and cultural
expression.
c. They lived as warriors seeking the
glories of battles and plunder.
However, there was never an
organized Celtic invasion
THE BRONZE AND IRON AGES

d. They were not organized, but
fragmented, primitive and
barbaric.
e. The Celts were either fighting in
wars or farming. They were
known to be as very good at
cultivating the land. They were
the first to bring a very
interesting innovation to the
farm: the Iron plough which
made it possible for the first
time to cultivate the rich valley
and soil.
f. The Celtic language was the first
IE language to be spoken in
England.
THE CELTS
g. The Celtic family was an extended family; it was
the basic unit of Celtic life.
h. Each Clan had its own social structure,
customs, and even gods!
i. They were Pagans (holding beliefs that were not
part of the worlds main religions).
j. They believed in Statues and worshipped them.
k. They were superstitious; they believed in the
power of demons, curses, and the unknown.
L. Women in the Celtic society spent their time in
spinning, weaving, and dying wool.
THE CELTS
There are four main invasions in which the Celts had to stand up for
Britain. All of the invaders were Europeans, but they came from different
sections of Europe and for different reasons.
The Four Invasions are:
The Roman Invasion (A.D. 43 - A.D.410)
The Saxon Invasion (5th C -9th C)
The Viking Invasion (9th C 11th C)
The Norman Invasion 1066
WHAT A CELTIC VILLAGE IN BRITAIN AROUND 40

A.D. PROBABLY LOOKED LIKE
THE COMING OF LATIN
THE INVASION OF BRITAIN

1. THE ROMAN INVASION
In the summer of 55 B.C. Julius Caesar, a Roman emperor, planned an
expedition to Britain. He wanted to find out the treasures of Britain and to
prevent the Celts of England from helping the Celts of France (Gaul)
whom he invaded in the same year. He was upset by the assistance of
the Celts in England to those in France , so he decided to teach the
Britons a lesson.
He attempted to invade Britain, but he failed because of the strong
resistance the British warriors and the rotten British weather which made
his army give up and return to his country. He tried again the next year,
but he failed another time. He gave up the entire idea.
THE STORY OF THE ROMAN INVASION
THE ROMAN INVASION

A hundred years later: 43 A.D.
the Emperor Claudius came to invade
Britain having Caesars
experience in mind. He prepared
and army of 40.000 soldiers that
landed in Kent. He succeeded in
his mission and England became
under the control of the Romans
for nearly 300 years. They called it
Britain.
THE ROMAN INVASION
REASONS FOR THE INVASION

1. Claudius needed to appear strong
to the people. He knew that a
fast way to do this was to
conquer something
successfully.
2. It was also to make the army
happy because when they
invade, they get the booty and
plunder they can find. It made
the people happy because
their empire was expanding.
3. To prove that the Roman army

was very well organized; every
soldier was very well disciplined
and trained. They knew what
they were doing; they were
harsh, cruel and encouraged to
fight.
THE ROMAN INVASION

What happened to the Celts?
The Celts continued to resist, but the majority were driven away to the east
(Wales) and the north (Scotland and Ireland). Others were taken as
slaves and maids. The rest stayed in England, but they formed the
middle and low classes in the society.
Why didnt Latin replace the Celtic language?

1.
Latin was kept as the language of the high class (kings, royals and
knights, administration and law)
2.
The Celts showed terrible hostility to their conquerors language, so

they refused to use it.
THE ROMAN INVASION

The Roman Influence
1. The Romans influenced England
on the military level more than
on the cultural one. They left
behind them many military
civilized buildings like palaces
and castles.
2. They lived in luxury, they built
villas and palaces with the
Roman architecture which
were also left behind.
3. They paved the roads in mosaic
and connected cities in a great
network of roads.
THE ROMAN INFLUENCE

4. Their life style was introduced
into England, so house were
decorated and equipped with
central heating systems.
5. They brought their style of dress,
decorations and ornaments.
6. They built an existing settlement
to become a trade and
administrative center which they
called Londinium which we know
as London today. It became the
CAPITAL.
THE ROMAN INFLUENCE

7.They brought the Latin language which
became the official language.
8. Most importantly, They brought
Christianity.
Catholic Cathedral
THE ROMAN INVASION

Unfortunately, The Romans had to retreat and return to their country for
some political and military reasons; soldiers were needed for Rome.
Britain stopped being a Roman Colony when the Romans left. The
Roman Invasion was one that influenced Britain the LEAST!
INVASION OF BRITAIN
NEXT CLASS
THE ANGLO-SAXON INVASION
GOOD LUCK
Fill in the blanks with the following words.

built England
lived
first
Scotland Rome invaded

took
ruled returned
Roman Britain
The Romans _____________ most of Britain for almost 300 years. They
first came in 55 BC but soon left. They in AD 43. This time they
______________ over all of England and Wales, but they did not have
enough soldiers to make ________________ or Ireland part of their
empire. The Romans brought peace to Britain. They ______________
towns and roads.

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THE HISTORY OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE

Yanbu University College

THE OLD STONE AGE

THE PALEOLITHIC ERA

THE NEOLITHIC ERA

THE NEOLITHIC ERA

THE BRONZE AND IRON AGES

THE BRONZE AND IRON AGES

WHAT A CELTIC VILLAGE IN BRITAIN AROUND 40

THE COMING OF LATIN

THE INVASION OF BRITAIN

THE STORY OF THE ROMAN INVASION

THE ROMAN INVASION

THE ROMAN INVASION

REASONS FOR THE INVASION

3. To prove that the Roman army

THE ROMAN INVASION

Why didnt Latin replace the Celtic language?

The Celts showed terrible hostility to their conquerors language, so

THE ROMAN INVASION

THE ROMAN INFLUENCE

THE ROMAN INFLUENCE

THE ROMAN INVASION

Fill in the blanks with the following words.

Scotland Rome invaded

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