Assignment Problem

Assignment
Technique
CONTENTS
1. Definition of assignment problem
2. Application
3. Types of problem
4. Steps
5. Practical examples
DEFINITION
Assignment method is used to determine what resources are
assigned to which department, machine or center of operation in
the production process.
This method is used to allocate the proper number of employees to
a machine or task, and the number of jobs that a given machine or
factory can produce with minimum costs and time.
APPLICATION
In assigning machines to factory orders
In assigning sales/marketing people to sales territories
In assigning teachers to classes
In assigning accountants to accounts of the client
TYPES OF PROBLEM
1. Balanced problem
2. Unbalanced problem
3. Prohibited problem
4. Maximization problem
STEPS
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Row reduction
Column reduction
Crossing all zero by minimum number of horizontal or vertical lines
Check whether the number of lines is equal to number of matrix
Assign the jobs
Practical examples [1]

The personnel manager of Big bazaar has decided to recruit two employees
Amar and Kumal in a marketing department of the organization. The section
has five fairly defined tasks Research, Selling, Advertising, Customer service,
and Managing budget;
And 3 employees Rohit, Raj and Nikhat are already employed in the section.
Considering the specialized nature of task Advertising and the special
qualification of the recruit Amar for task Advertising, the manager has
decided to assign task Advertising to employee Amar and then assign the
remaining tasks to remaining employees so as to maximize the total
effectiveness.
The index of effectiveness of each employee of different tasks is as following;
-
Tasks
Emplo
yee
Research
Selling
Advertising
Customer
Service
Managing
budget
Rohit
25
55
60
45
30
Raj
45
65
55
35
40
Nikhat
10
35
45
55
65
Amar
40
30
70
40
60
Kumal
55
45
40
55
10
Assign the task for maximizing total effectiveness. Critically
examine whether the decision of the manager to assign

Advertising to employee Amar was correct.
Tasks
Emplo
yee
Research
Selling
Advertising
Customer
Service
Managing
budget
Rohit
25
55
60
45
30
Raj
45
65
55
35
40
Nikhat
10
35
45
55
65
Amar
40
30
70
40
60
Kumal
55
45
40
55
10
Balanced & Maximization problem

Each elements are subtracted by maximum value i.e. 70
Tasks
Emplo
yee
Research
Selling
Advertising
Customer
Service
Managing
budget
Rohit
45
15
10
25
40
Raj
25
15
35
30
Nikhat
60
35
25
15
Amar
30
40
30
10
Kumal
15
25
30
15
60
Step 1 : Row reduction & Column reduction

Tasks
Emplo
yee
Research
Selling
Advertising
Customer
Service
Managing
budget
Rohit
45
15
10
25
40
Raj
25
15
35
30
Nikhat
60
35
25
15
Amar
30
40
30
10
Kumal
15
25
30
15
60
Crossing all zero by minimum number of horizontal or

vertical lines
Tasks
Emplo
yee
Research
Selling
Advertising
Customer
Service
Managing
budget
Rohit
35
25
30
Raj
20
10
30
25
Nikhat
55
30
20
10
Amar
30
40
30
10
Kumal
10
15
45
The uncrossed values are subtracted and the intersectional

values are added by the lowest value among the uncrossed
i.e.10
Tasks
Emplo
yee
Research
Selling
Advertising
Customer
Service
Managing
budget
Rohit
35 -10 =25
15 - 10 =5
30
Raj
20 - 10
=10
10
30 - 10=
20
25
Nikhat
55 - 10 =
45
30
20
10 -10 = 0
Amar
30 10
=20
40
30 -10 =
20
10
Kumal
45 +10 =55
10 +10
15 +10
=10
=25 are
uncrossed
values
Same procedure; The

subtracted and
the intersectional values are added by the lowest value i.e. 5
Tasks
Emplo
yee
Research
Selling
Advertising
Customer
Service
Managing
budget
Rohit
20
25
Raj
15
10
15
20
Nikhat
45
35
25
Amar
15
40
15
Kumal
15
30
55
Number of lines is equal to number of jobs

Optimal is realized
Tasks
Emplo
yee
Research
Selling
Advertising
Customer
Service
Managing
budget
Rohit
25
55
60
45
30
Raj
45
65
55
35
40
Nikhat
10
35
45
55
65
Amar
40
30
70
40
60
Kumal
55
45
40
55
10
Critically examine whether the decision of the manager to
assign Advertising to employee Amar was correct.
Maximized total effectiveness is
45 + 65 + 65 + 70 + 55 = 300
Yes, it is correct as Amar is assigned with Advertising for
maximizing total effectiveness.
Practical examples [2]

Tata Consultancy Services (TCS) in Thane decided to hold seminar
on four topics. Seminars will be held once per week in afternoon
(one for each topic and not more then one seminar per afternoon)
so that the number of employees unable to kept is minimum. A
study indicates that the number of employees who cannot attend a
particular seminar on a specific day is as follows;
SEMINAR
CSR
Internatio
nal
exposure
Skills
Eupgradatio
Commerce
n
MONDAY
50
40
60
20
TUESDAY
40
30
40
30
WEDNESDA
Y
60
20
30
20
THURSDAY
30
30
20
30
FRIDAY
10
20
10
30
Will find an optimal schedule of the seminars. Also find

out the total number of employees who will be missing
at least one seminar?
Adding Dummy to Balance

Problem
Internationa
El exposure Commerce
Skills upgradation
Dumm
y
60
20
30
40
30
60
20
30
20
THURSDAY
30
30
20
30
FRIDAY
10
20
10
30
SEMINAR
CSR
MONDAY
50
40
TUESDAY
40
WEDNESDAY
STEP I :- Row & Column Reduction

SEMINAR
TOPIC
1
TOPIC
2
TOPIC
3
TOPIC
4
Dumm
y
MONDAY
50
40
60
20
TUESDAY
40
30
40
30
WEDNESDAY
60
20
30
20
THURSDAY
30
30
20
30
FRIDAY
1
0
2
0
1
0
2
0
STEP I :- COLUMN REDUCTION
SEMINAR
TOPIC
1
TOPIC
2
TOPIC
3
TOPIC
4
Dumm
y
MONDAY
40
20
50
TUESDAY
30
10
30
10
WEDNESDAY
50
20
THURSDAY
20
10
10
10
FRIDAY
4=5
SEMINAR
TOPIC 1
TOPIC 2
TOPIC 3
TOPIC 4
Dummy
MONDAY
40
20
50
TUESDAY
30
10
30
10
WEDNESDAY
50
20
THURSDAY
20
10
10
10
FRIDAY
Here we have 10.

Subtract 10 from each uncrossed element and add 10 to the
element which occurs at intersection of line
SEMINAR
TOPIC 1
TOPIC 2
TOPIC 3
TOPIC 4
Dummy
MONDAY
40 -10=30 20 -10=10 50 -10=40
TUESDAY
30 -10=20
10 -10=0
30 -10=20
10
WEDNESDAY
50
20
0
+10=10
0 +10=10
THURSDAY
20 -10=10
10 -10=0
10 -10=0
10
FRIDAY
0
+10=10
0 +10=10
SEMINAR
TOPIC 1
TOPIC 2 TOPIC 3 TOPIC 4 Dummy
MONDAY
30
10
40
TUESDAY
20
20
10
WEDNESDAY
50
20
10
10
THURSDAY
10
10
FRIDAY
10
10
SEMINAR
TOPIC 1
TOPIC 2 TOPIC 3 TOPIC 4 Dummy
MONDAY
30
10
40
TUESDAY
20
20
10
0
0
WEDNESDAY
50
00
20
10
10
THURSDAY
10
0
0
10
FRIDAY
00
10
10
ATTENDENCE RECORD
DAYS
SEMINARS
EMPLOYEES UNADBLE
TO ATTEND
MONDAY
Skills up-gradation
20
TUESDAY
DUMMY
WEDNESDAY
International exposure
20
THURSDAY
E-commerce
20
FRIDAY
CSR
10
OPTIMAL SOLUTION
70
Example [3]
Turkish national swimming team coach is putting
together a relay team for the 400 meter relay.
Each swimmer must swim 100 meters of
breaststroke, backstroke, butterfly, or free style.
The coach believes that each swimmer will attain
the times (seconds) given in the Table below. To
minimize the teams time for the race, assign each
swimmer for a stroke.
FREE
BREAST
FLY
BACK
DERYA
54
54
51
53
MURAT
51
57
52
52
DENIZ
50
53
54
56
CEYHUN
56
54
55
53
Row Reduction
FREE
BREAST
FLY
BACK
DERYA
54
54
51
53
MURAT
51
57
52
52
DENIZ
50
53
54
56
CEYHUN
56
54
55
53
Column Reduction
FREE
BREAST
FLY
BACK
DERYA
MURAT
DENIZ
CEYHUN
FREE
BREAST
FLY
BACK
DERYA
0
0
MURAT
0
0
DENIZ
CEYHUN
0
0
Number of lines is not equal to the number of matrix,

so optimal solution is not obtained, the uncrossed min
value is 1, so subtracting 1 from the uncrossed values
and adding 1 to the intersections.
We get,
FREE
BREAST
FLY
BACK
DERYA
0
0
MURAT
00
DENIZ
0
0
CEYHUN
0
0
Free (Denis)
50
Breast (Cehyun)
54
Fly (Derya)
51
Back (Murat)
52
207 (seconds)

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Assignment

In assigning machines to factory orders

In assigning sales/marketing people to sales territories

In assigning teachers to classes

In assigning accountants to accounts of the client

Practical examples [1]

Assign the task for maximizing total effectiveness. Critically

examine whether the decision of the manager to assign

Balanced & Maximization problem

Step 1 : Row reduction & Column reduction

Crossing all zero by minimum number of horizontal or

The uncrossed values are subtracted and the intersectional

Same procedure; The

Number of lines is equal to number of jobs

Critically examine whether the decision of the manager to

assign Advertising to employee Amar was correct.

Maximized total effectiveness is

Yes, it is correct as Amar is assigned with Advertising for

maximizing total effectiveness.

Practical examples [2]

Will find an optimal schedule of the seminars. Also find

Adding Dummy to Balance

STEP I :- Row & Column Reduction

STEP I :- COLUMN REDUCTION

Here we have 10.

40 -10=30 20 -10=10 50 -10=40

TOPIC 2 TOPIC 3 TOPIC 4 Dummy

TOPIC 2 TOPIC 3 TOPIC 4 Dummy

Number of lines is not equal to the number of matrix,

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