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Wcb/Mcgraw-Hill The Mcgraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1998

The document summarizes the functions of the transport layer. It discusses how the transport layer is responsible for process-to-process delivery by including port addresses in packet headers to direct messages to the correct process. It also describes how the transport layer performs segmentation and reassembly of messages into transmittable segments, as well as connection control, flow control, and error control. Common transport layer protocols are listed as TCP and UDP.

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65 views16 pages

Wcb/Mcgraw-Hill The Mcgraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1998

The document summarizes the functions of the transport layer. It discusses how the transport layer is responsible for process-to-process delivery by including port addresses in packet headers to direct messages to the correct process. It also describes how the transport layer performs segmentation and reassembly of messages into transmittable segments, as well as connection control, flow control, and error control. Common transport layer protocols are listed as TCP and UDP.

Uploaded by

Vinay Madhav
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Figure 3-8

WCB/McGraw-Hill

Network Layer Example

The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1998

Figure 3-8-continued

WCB/McGraw-Hill

Network Layer Example

The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1998

Transport Layer.
The transport layer is responsible for process-to-process
delivery of the entire message.
The major duties performed by the transport layer are:
Port address:
Computers are often running several processes (running programs) at
the same time.
Each running process open a logical port on the computer.
The transport layer header must therefore include a type of address
called port address.
The network layer gets each packet to the correct computer, the
transport layer get the entire message to the correct process on that
computer.

Segmentation and reassembly:


A message received from the upper layer is divided into transmittable
segments, each segment containing a sequence number.
These numbers enable the transport layer to reassemble the message
correctly upon arrival at the destination and to identify and replace
packets that were lost in the transmission.

Transport Layer.

Connection Control:

The transport layer can be either connectionless or connection


oriented.
A connection oriented transport layer makes a logical connection
with the transport layer at the destination machine first before
delivering the packets.
After all the data are transferred, the connection is terminated.

Flow control:
Like data link layer, the transport layer is responsible for flow
control.
However, flow control at this layer is performed end to end rather
than across a single link.

Error control:
Like data link layer, the transport layer is responsible for error
control.
However, error control at this layer is performed end to end rather
than across a single link.

Transport layer protocols include TCP (Transmission


Control Protocol) and UDP (User Datagram
Protocol).

Transport Layer.

Reliable Process-to-Process
Delivery.

Figure 3-9

WCB/McGraw-Hill

Transport Layer

The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1998

Figure 3-10

WCB/McGraw-Hill

Transport Layer Example

The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1998

Figure 3-10-continued

Transport Layer Example

WCB/McGraw-Hill

The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1998

Session Layer.
The session layer defines how to establish, maintain and
terminate session between two communication hosts.
The major duties of the session layer are:
Synchronization:
For lengthy transaction (file transfer), the user may choose to establish
synchronization points associated with the transfer. If a fault develops
during a transaction, the dialog may be restarted at an agreed
synchronization point.

Dialog control:
Session layer determines the role to be played at any given time by a
host.
Duplex: Two-way simultaneous.
Half-Duplex: Two-way alternate.
Simplex: One-way.

Session layer protocols are SQL, ASP(AppleTalk


Session Protocol), Remote Procedure Call (RPC), X
Window System.

Session Layer.

Figure 3-11

WCB/McGraw-Hill

Session Layer

The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1998

Presentation Layer.
The presentation layer ensures that the information
that the application layer of one system sends out
is readable by the application layer of another
system.
The major duties of the presentation layer are:
Format conversion:
Convert message from one format into another format .i.e. for
ASCII to EBCDIC or vice versa.

Compression.
Compress the message to take less bandwidth on the
transmission media and less time for transmission.

Encryption:
Convert the message into a form that will not be readable by
others.
Provides security to the message.

Protocols of the presentation layer are JPEG,


MPEG, ASCII, EBCDIC etc.

Figure 3-12

Presentation Layer

WCB/McGraw-Hill

The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1998

Figure 3-13

Application Layer

WCB/McGraw-Hill

The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1998

Figure 3-14

Summary of Layer Functions

WCB/McGraw-Hill

The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1998

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