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    Aromatic Production

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    ravi kansagara
    Catalytic reforming and pyrolysis gasoline are two major sources of aromatics. Catalytic reforming transforms low octane naphtha into high octane gasoline blending stock and aromatics through reactions like dehydrogenation, isomerization, and dehydrocyclization over catalyst at 470-550°C. Pyrolysis gasoline from naphtha cracking contains 50-70% aromatics but requires hydrogenation to remove dienes and sulfur before aromatic separation.

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    Aromatic Production

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    ravi kansagara
    108 views11 pages
    Catalytic reforming and pyrolysis gasoline are two major sources of aromatics. Catalytic reforming transforms low octane naphtha into high octane gasoline blending stock and aromatics through reactions like dehydrogenation, isomerization, and dehydrocyclization over catalyst at 470-550°C. Pyrolysis gasoline from naphtha cracking contains 50-70% aromatics but requires hydrogenation to remove dienes and sulfur before aromatic separation.

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    Catalytic reforming and pyrolysis gasoline are two major sources of aromatics. Catalytic reforming transforms low octane naphtha into high octane gasoline blending stock and aromatics through reactions like dehydrogenation, isomerization, and dehydrocyclization over catalyst at 470-550°C. Pyrolysis gasoline from naphtha cracking contains 50-70% aromatics but requires hydrogenation to remove dienes and sulfur before aromatic separation.

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    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    108 views11 pages

    Aromatic Production

    Uploaded by

    ravi kansagara
    Catalytic reforming and pyrolysis gasoline are two major sources of aromatics. Catalytic reforming transforms low octane naphtha into high octane gasoline blending stock and aromatics through reactions like dehydrogenation, isomerization, and dehydrocyclization over catalyst at 470-550°C. Pyrolysis gasoline from naphtha cracking contains 50-70% aromatics but requires hydrogenation to remove dienes and sulfur before aromatic separation.

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    Aromatic Production

    Catalytic reforming and pyrolysis gasoline are the two major source of
    aromatics.
    Catalytic reforming transform low octane naphtha into high octane

    motor

    gasoline blending stock and aromatics rich in benzene, toluene and xylene with
    hydrogen and petroleum gas as byproduct.
    Feedstock for catalytic reforming is naptha in the boiling point range of 60180oC.
    Catalytic reforming is a major conversion process in petroleum refinery
    petrochemical industries
    Pyrolysis gasoline available from naphtha cracker.
    Pyrolysis gasoline contain 50-70% of aromatics

    and

    Reaction in catalytic reforming


    1) Dehydrogenation
    ) The conversion of napthenes to aromatics is the
    primary napthene reaction
    ) Rate of dehydrogenation reaction increases with
    increase in temperature and decreases with pressure.
    ) These reaction are highly endothermic

    Isomerization
    In isomerization two types of reaction are involved.
    i) isomerization of normal paraffins to isoparaffins
    ii) isomerization of cyclopentanes to cyclohexane plus
    subsequent conversion into benzene.
    Isomerization reaction are exothermic and reversible.

    Dehydrocyclization
    It is most critical reaction in reforming are much
    slower and are favoured by high temperature and low
    pressure.
    A minimum six carbon chain is needed to cyclize to
    form aromatics.

    Process variable in catalytic reforming


    1) FeedstockLight fraction have poor napthene and aromatic
    content. Hence heavy fraction feedstock are preferred
    for reforming.
    2) Temperature Reforming reactor temperature is maintained around
    470-550oC.
    Temperature below 420oC or above 550oC result in
    lower performance yield.

    3) Space velocity Lowering the space velocity results in increase in octane


    number, decreases yield and increase coke deposit.
    Highly naphthenic feedstock require high space velocity.
    4) Pressure Decreasing pressure increases dehydrogenation of napthene and
    dehydrogenation of paraffins which result in higher production
    of aromatics and hydrogen.
    Higher pressure causes higher rates of hydro cracking but
    reducing performance yield.

    5) Catalyst poisoning Temporary and permanent poisions are present in the


    reformer feed which affect the reformer performance.

    Temporary poisons are those which can be removed


    from the catalyst without shut down.

    Temporary poisons are sulphur, halogens, organic


    nitrogen and water.

    Permanent poisons are arsenic, lead, copper, iron


    mercury, nickel.

    Pyrolysis gasoline
    Benzene, toluene and xylene are the main component of
    pyrolysis gasoline.
    Pyrolysis gasoline needs treatment before aromatic
    separation as they contain dieneic and sulphur
    compounds
    It is carried out in two stage hydrogenation column.
    In the first stage selective hydrogenation of diolefin take
    place in the presence of nickel or palladium catalyst at
    temperature 80-160oC and 10-40 atm.
    The objective of first stage hydrogenation is
    i) to eliminate unsaturated hydrocarbon such as diolefin
    and alkenyl aromatics

    ii) to provide hydrogenated pyrolysis gasoline with better


    stability properties
    iii) to avoid gum formation in second stage
    Diolefin + H2
    Olefin
    Alkenyl aromatics + H2

    Alkyl aromatics

    Second stage is selective hydrogenation of olefin and


    hydrodesulphurization of C5-C6 cut carried out at
    temperature in the range of 280-350oC and pressure of
    15 atm in the presence of composite sulphide of
    molybdenum and cobalt on alumina.
    Second stage eliminates olefins and sulphur compounds.
    olefin + Hydrogen
    Paraffin
    Cycloolefin + Hydrogen
    Naphthene

    Sulphur compounds + H2
    Paraffin + H2S
    Separation of aromatics from aromatic and non
    aromatics is done by extraction , extractive distillation,
    adsorption and crystallization operation.

    P-xylene manufacturing from catalytic reforming

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