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    Determinan Kesehatan

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    Fraka Kartini
    This document discusses various models and theories of the determinants of health. It describes Blum's epidemiologic triad model which identifies host, agent, and environment as factors influencing disease. Beaglehole's model examines broader social, cultural, environmental, and health system influences. The Institute for the Future model quantifies the determinants as 50% health behaviors, 20% environment, 20% genetics, and 10% access to care. Primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention strategies are outlined. Family assessment tools like genograms are also introduced to help integrate a patient's family history.

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    Determinan Kesehatan

    Uploaded by

    Fraka Kartini
    252 views17 pages
    This document discusses various models and theories of the determinants of health. It describes Blum's epidemiologic triad model which identifies host, agent, and environment as factors influencing disease. Beaglehole's model examines broader social, cultural, environmental, and health system influences. The Institute for the Future model quantifies the determinants as 50% health behaviors, 20% environment, 20% genetics, and 10% access to care. Primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention strategies are outlined. Family assessment tools like genograms are also introduced to help integrate a patient's family history.

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    determinan kesehatan

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    This document discusses various models and theories of the determinants of health. It describes Blum's epidemiologic triad model which identifies host, agent, and environment as factors influencing disease. Beaglehole's model examines broader social, cultural, environmental, and health system influences. The Institute for the Future model quantifies the determinants as 50% health behaviors, 20% environment, 20% genetics, and 10% access to care. Primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention strategies are outlined. Family assessment tools like genograms are also introduced to help integrate a patient's family history.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    252 views17 pages

    Determinan Kesehatan

    Uploaded by

    Fraka Kartini
    This document discusses various models and theories of the determinants of health. It describes Blum's epidemiologic triad model which identifies host, agent, and environment as factors influencing disease. Beaglehole's model examines broader social, cultural, environmental, and health system influences. The Institute for the Future model quantifies the determinants as 50% health behaviors, 20% environment, 20% genetics, and 10% access to care. Primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention strategies are outlined. Family assessment tools like genograms are also introduced to help integrate a patient's family history.

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    You are on page 1of 17

    DETERMINANTS

    OF HEALTH
    EKA NURHAYATI
    PUBLIC HEALTH DEPARTMENT
    2016

    BLUMS THEORY (1974)

    THE EPIDEMIOLOGIC TRIAD


    OF A DISEASE
    Host

    Vector

    Agent

    Environment
    Source: adapted from Gordis (1996)

    Beagleholes Model of Health


    Determinants (2002)
    Global & ecological
    perspectives
    Genes

    Gender
    perspective

    Disease
    experience

    Life course

    Health & well-being of


    populations

    Public health
    perspective

    Health system
    influences

    Social, cultural, &


    environmental
    determinants

    Institute for the Future/IFTF


    (2003)
    Access to Care
    (10%)

    Genetics
    (20%)
    Environmen
    t(20%)

    HealthBehaviors
    (50%)

    Factors that may be associated with


    increased risk of human disease
    HOST

    Age
    Sex
    Race
    Religion
    Customs
    Occupation
    Genetic profile
    Marital status
    Family background
    Previous disease
    Immune status

    AGENTS

    Biologic (e.g. bacteria)


    Chemical (e.g. poison)
    Physical (e.g. trauma)
    Nutritional (e.g. deficiency)

    ENVIRONMENT

    Temperature
    Humidity
    Altitude
    Crowding
    Housing
    Neighborhood
    Water
    Milk
    Food
    Radiation
    Air pollution
    Noise

    PRIMARY PREVENTION
    Health Promotion

    Health education (edukasi kesehatan


    Good standard of nutrition adjusted
    to developmental phases of life
    (standar nutrisi yang baik)
    Attention to personality
    development (memperhatikan
    pengembangan kepribadian
    Provision of adequate housing,
    recreation & agreeable working
    conditions
    Marriage counseling & sex
    education
    Genetics
    Periodic selective examination

    Specific Protection
    Use of specific immunization
    Attention to personal hygiene
    Use of environmental sanitation
    Protection against occupational

    hazards
    Protection from accidents
    Use of specific nutrients
    Protection from carcinogens
    Avoidance of allergens

    SECONDARY PREVENTION
    Early Diagnosis & Prompt Treatment

    Case-finding measures, individual & mass


    Screening surveys
    Selective examinations

    Objectives:
    - to cure & prevent disease processes (untuk menyembuhkan
    dan mencegah proses penyakit)
    - to prevent the spread of communicable disease (untuk
    mencegah penyebaran penyakit menular)
    - to prevent complications & sequelae (untuk mencegah
    komplikasi dan sekuele)
    - to shorten period of disability (untuk memperpendek
    periode dan kecacatan)

    TERTIARY
    PREVENTION
    Disability limitation

    Rehabilitation

    Adequate treatment to

    Provision of hospital &

    arrest the disease process


    & to prevent further
    complications & sequelae
    ( perawatan yang memadai
    untuk menangkap proses
    penyakit dan mencegah
    komplikasi lebih lanjut dan
    sequele
    Provision of facilities to
    limit disability & to prevent
    death
    ( penyediaan fasilitas untuk
    membatasi kecacatan dan

    community facilities for


    retraining & education for
    maximum use of remaining
    capacities
    Education of the public &
    industry to utilize the
    rehabilitated
    As full employment as
    possible
    Selective placement
    Work therapy in hospitals
    Use of sheltered colony

    Family Assessment Tools

    Family Genogram
    Family Circle
    Family APGAR
    FACES (Family Adaptability and Cohesion
    Evaluation Scale)
    FES (Family Environment Scale)
    Clinical Biography and Life Events
    SCREEM
    DRAFT (Draw A Family Test)
    Family Mapping

    GENOGRAM
    Family Pedigree/Family Tree/Genealogic Chart
    Def : versatile clinical tool that can help family
    physicians integrate a patients family
    information into the medical problem-solving
    process for better patient care (Waters et al,
    1994)
    Include: family hereditary background, major
    medical, social and interactional influences.

    GENOGRAM
    Is a biopsychosocial family tree. It records the
    family in its life cycle, family illnesses and
    relationship
    A genogram can be drawn in sceletal form during
    one of the first few visits, ideally the first visit and
    then it can elaborated during subsequent visits as
    FK known
    UNPAD about the family
    more is

    COMPONENTS OF GENOGRAM

    Three or more generations


    The name of all family members
    Age or year of birth of all family members
    Any death, including age and cause of death
    Significant diseases or problems of family members
    Indication of members living together in the same
    household
    Dates of marriages or divorce
    A listing of the first born of each family to the left, with
    siblings listed sequentially to the right
    A key depicting all symbols used
    Symbols selected for simplicity and maximum visibility

    1989

    married and year

    Close
    relationship
    Family living together

    1990

    1992

    Separation and
    year

    Divorce and year

    1989

    Unmarried
    relationship
    Conflictual relationship

    1989
    1992

    Symbols of diseases or situation


    Obesity

    Allergy
    xxx

    xxx

    Alcoholism

    Asthma

    Hypertension

    Heart disease
    Stroke

    Depression

    War Casualty

    Commonly used
    Abbreviations
    ALC
    ALL

    Alcoholic

    GI

    GI tract disease

    Allergy

    HT

    Hypertension

    ARTH Arthritis

    MI

    Myocard Infarction

    CAD

    Coronary Artery
    Disease

    MVP Mitral Valve Prolapse

    CVA

    Cerebrovascular
    Accident

    PUD Peptic Ulcer Disease

    CA
    DEP

    Cancer

    DM

    Diabetes mellitus

    Depression

    SLE Systemic Lupus


    Erythematosis

    TB

    Tuberculosis

    THANK YOU

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