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Health and Environment

The document discusses health and the environment. It defines health holistically as complete physical, mental and social well-being. Environment is an important factor that interacts with hosts and agents. The document outlines the physical, biological and psychosocial components of the environment and their impact on health. It discusses the epidemiological triad of agent, host and environment. Various types of environmental hazards are described such as biological (food/water-borne diseases and vectors), chemical (pesticides, ETS, lead), physical, psychological and sociological hazards. Site hazards from natural disasters are also mentioned.

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Shahazad Arif
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84 views46 pages

Health and Environment

The document discusses health and the environment. It defines health holistically as complete physical, mental and social well-being. Environment is an important factor that interacts with hosts and agents. The document outlines the physical, biological and psychosocial components of the environment and their impact on health. It discusses the epidemiological triad of agent, host and environment. Various types of environmental hazards are described such as biological (food/water-borne diseases and vectors), chemical (pesticides, ETS, lead), physical, psychological and sociological hazards. Site hazards from natural disasters are also mentioned.

Uploaded by

Shahazad Arif
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Health and

Environment

Objectives
At the end of this session the participants
should be able to conceptualize:
1. health in its physical, mental, social and
spiritual context;
2. environment to be an important factor in the
interaction of agent and host in the
epidemiological or ecological triad;
3. the physical, biological and psychosocial
environment and understand their impact on
health.

Healthy people are those who


live in healthy homes on a
healthy diet; in an
environment equally fit for
birth, growth, work, healing,
and dying... Healthy people
need no bureaucratic
interference to mate, give
birth, share the human
condition, and die.
-Ivan Illich

Health

It is a state of
complete physical,
mental and social
well-being and not
merely the absence of
disease or infirmity.

Health

It is a condition under
which the individual is
able to mobilize all his
resources, intellect,
emotional and
physical- for optimum
living.

HOLISTIC CONCEPT
OF HEALTH
This concept recognizes the
strength of social,
economic, political and
environmental influences
on health.

DETERMINANTS OF
HEALTH:

Heredity

Welfare services
Environment
Socio-economic conditions
Health and family
Life-style

Concept of Disease
Disease is a result from complex
interaction between man, an agent
and the environment.
From ecological point of view,
disease is defined as
maladjustment of the human
organism to the environment.

EPIDEMIOLOGICA
L TRIAD
Environment

Vector

Agent

Host

ENVIRONMENTAL
IMPACT
Environment

(Physical, biological and psychosocial)

Human activities
individual

health of

Environment
Alloftheexternal factors affecting an
organism. These factors may be other
living organisms (biotic factors) or
nonliving variables (abiotic factors),
such as temperature, rainfall, day
length, wind, and ocean currents.
The interactions of organisms with biotic
and abiotic factors form an ecosystem.

Types of
Environment
Macro-environment or the external
environment
-is said to be responsible for millions of
preventable diseases originating in it.

Micro-environment
-is the Domestic environment in which
man lives.

Internal environment
-is some time used for the environment
inside the
body

COMPONENTS OF
ENVIRONMENT

PHYSICAL:

air, water, soil, housing, climate, geography, heat,


light, noise, debris, radiation, etc.

BIOLOGICAL:
man, viruses, microbial agents, insects, rodents,
animals and plants, etc.

PSYCHOSOCIAL:
cultural values, customs, beliefs, habits, attitudes,
morals, religion, education, lifestyles, community
life, health services, social and political
organization.

The environment is all


external conditions,
circumstances, and
influences surrounding and
affecting the growth and
development of an organism
or community of organisms.

Environmental health is the


study and management of
environmental conditions

HAZARDS

Environment
al Hazards

Environmental hazards
may be biological,
chemical, physical,
psychological,
sociological, or site and
location hazards.

Biological
hazards

These are living


organisms or their
products that are
harmful to
humans.

A.Water-bornediseases
-are diseases that are
transmitted in drinking water
-these disease
organisms are shed
into the water in
feces, and can
produce illness in
those who consume
untreated,
contaminated water.
-Our municipal water
treatment facilities are
usually able to purify
water by removing these
agents or killing them by

Examples:

Polio Virus

Shigella
Bacteria

Hepatitis A
Virus

Cholera
Bacteria

Salmonella
Bacteria

Amoebic
Dysentery

Examples:

Giardia
(3D model)

Cryptosporidium

Examples:

Hepatitis A

Salmonella

Polio

Shigella

Cholera

Amoebic
Dysenterae

Examples:

Giardia

Cryptosporidium

B.Food-bornediseases
-are diseases transmitted in or on food
-to protect against food-borne
diseases, sanitarians from local health
departments routinely inspect food
service establishments (restaurants)
and retail food outlets (supermarkets)
to verify that food is being stored and
handled properly.

Examplesoffood-borneagents
bacteria Salmonella
serotype enteritidis
Escherichia coli 0157:H7

C.Vector-bornediseases
-are those transmitted by
insects or other arthropods
-improper environmental
management can cause vectorborne disease outbreaks.

Examples
St. Louis encephalitis
La Crosse encephalitis
They are transmitted by
mosquitoes and plague and urine
typhus transmitted by fleas.

Chemical
Hazards

It is a result from
mismanagement or
misuse of
chemicals resulting
in an unacceptable
risk to human
health.

A.Pesticidesarechemicals
-that have been manufactured
for the purpose of reducing
populations of undesirable
organisms (pests)

-most pesticides kill nontarget organisms as well as


the target, or pest species.
-the wise use of pesticides
can protect human health

Examplesofcategoriesofpesticides

Herbicides
Insecticides

B.Environmentaltobaccosmoke
(ETS)
-is an environmental hazard
produced by millions that smoke
-diseases associated with ETS include
lung cancer and perhaps heart disease

-the EPA has classified ETS as a Class A


carcinogen

-Smokinghasbeenincreasingly
restrictedfrompublicbuildingsand
frommanyprivateworksites
-Regulationofsmokingseemstobethe
bestapproachtocontrollingthis
pollutant

C.Lead
-isanaturallyoccurringelementthatis

usedinthemanufacturingofmany
industrialanddomesticproducts

-Healthproblemsassociatedwiththe
overexposuretoleadareanemia,birth
defects,bonedamage,neurological
damage,kidneydamage,andothers.
-Exposureisbyingestionandinhalation.

-Children

are particularly at risk


from eating peeling lead paint.
-The prevalence of very high blood
lead levels among young children
declined significantly between
1984 and 1994 primarily because
the removal of lead from gasoline.
-Occupational exposure is a major
source of lead intake for adults.

Physical
Hazards

It includes airborne
particles, humidity,
equipment design
and radiation.

Psychological
Hazards

are environmental
factors that produce
psychological
changes expressed as
stress, depression,
hysteria.

Sociological
Hazards

are those that result


from living in a
society where one
experiences noise,
lack of privacy and
overcrowding.

Siteand
Location
Hazards

-Natural disasters are geographical and


meteorological events of such magnitude
and proximity to communities that they
produce significant damage and injuries.
-Examples are cyclones, earthquakes, floods,
hurricanes, tornadoes, typhoons, and
volcanic eruptions.
-The magnitude of devastation of these
events can sometimes be great.
-Biological, psychological and sociological
hazards may increase following a natural
disaster.

The End

Group 1
Valeroso, Daisy Mae
Salino, Sarah Gane Marie
Abarca, Mariel
Velez, Nadene
Abes, Liaddy
Deguma, Carl
Dagohoy, Sahara
Azote, Allyn
Ceniza, Ching Bee
Monding, Anjean

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