A Modest Proposal: by Jonathan Swift
A Modest Proposal: by Jonathan Swift
A Modest Proposal: by Jonathan Swift
BY J O N AT H A N S W I F T
A MODEST PROPOSAL
A MODEST PROPOSAL
SATIRE
A Modest Proposal is a type of
persuasive writing called satire.
Through satire, writers ridicule people or
institutions in order to effect change. A
Modest Proposal was written in 1729 to
shock English society into an awareness of
Englands unjust policies toward the Irish.
R E C O G N I Z I N G P E R S UA S I V E
TECHNIQUES
In A Modest Proposal, Swift uses the types of persuasive
techniques listed below to convince the reader that
Englands treatment of the Irish is heartless and immoral.
Logical appeals (Logos): the use of facts or statistics to
support a position.
Emotional appeals (Pathos): the use of words that stir up
strong feelings.
Ethical appeals (Ethos): the use of details that will
convince readers that the writer is fair and trustworthy.
VERBAL IRONY
You use verbal irony whenever you
say one thing but mean something
completely different. When you speak,
your tone of voice signals listeners that
you dont really mean what you are
saying.
VERBAL IRONY
Writers dont have the option of using a
sarcastic tone of voice to convey irony.
Instead, they might make so many
shocking or unbelievable statements that
the reader cant possibly miss the point.
Swifts essay is a classic example of verbal
irony taken to the extreme.
ALLEGORY
An allegory is an extended
metaphor, especially a story in
which fictional characters and
actions are used to understand
and express aspects of concepts
relating to human existence.