SKIN

CARE
COSMETI
CS

BY,
JOAN
VIJETHA.R
II1
SEM,M.PH

CONTENT

INTRODUCTION
STRUCTURE OF SKIN
CLASSIFICATION OF SKIN COSMETICS
CONCLUSION
SUMMARY
REFERENCES
2

INTRODUCTION
Cosmetics arise from a Greek word kosmeticos which means adorn.
If any material used for beautification or improvement of appearance
is known as cosmetics.
In the last 3-4 decades the use of cosmetics has increased in among
in females and males The cosmetics are external preparation are
meant to be applied to external parts of the body .
In other words they may be applied to skin, hair and nails for the
purpose of covering colouring, softening, cleansing , nourishing ,and
protection.

SKIN
Skin is the external barrier of the body,
both physical and immunological
skin is the largest organ of the body, it
constitutes about 16% of body weight
its total surface area is about 1.2-2.2 m 2
function:
protection, sensory reception, excretion
and thermoregulation

SKIN STRUCTURE

SKIN PHYSIOLOGY
The skin is the outer most layer of the body. It is
constituted of 2 layers :
Epidermis:
Stratum corneum : It consist of epidermal cells lipophilic
nature The membrane provides about 10 -15 layers of
flattened keratinized dead cells It is 10 um when it is dry.
But It can take up moisture up to 15 -20 % When
occlusive dressing / cream applied over the skin prevent
the evaporation of water It plays a role in controlling the
percutaneous absorption of chemical substance

 Stratum lucidum: It is thin translucent layer .

Stratum granulosum : It is consist of keratin
protein.
Stratum spinosum : It consist of flattened
polygonal cells.
Stratum germinativum : It consist of melanocytes
Dermis:

Dermis /corium It consist of dense network of

structural protein fibres .It is about 0.2-0.3mm
thickness It contains blood vessels,lymphatic
vessels, nerve ending

 Sebaceous gland
Oil is produced in the sebaceous gland , this production is
stimulated by hormones. Oil flows into the hair follicle then onto the
skin surface

Skin Functions
Epidermis barrier
Waterproofs
Protect from UV

Dermis
Sweat glands
Blood vessels
Nerve endings
9

Some common disorders of skin

Hyper pigmentation: This disorder due to abnormal

pigmentation or increased local synthesis of melanin in
the epidermis . This can be further stimulated by
exposure to UV radiation.
Hypopigmentation: This disorder due to less
pigmentation of melanin . which is called as vitiligo.
Acne( pimples)& prickly heat (miliaria) Malfunction of
sebaceous gland and sweat gland Skin scaling is caused
by dandruff and psoriasis

10

 Psoriasis: It is formation of scaly red

patches particularly on the extensor surface
of the body.
Dandruff : Flaking of s.corneum and mostly
occurs on scalp due to microbial infection .
Effects of aging of the skin: Aging affects
the character and function of the skin .
cosmetics are used to partially repair , mask
or overcome such changes Decrease in
elasticity of the skin cause wrinkles due to
less blood supply.
11

CLASSIFICATION OF
SKIN COSMETICS
SKIN
CREAM

POWDER

1.CLENSING AND BESWAX-BORAX 1.FACE POWDER

COLD CREAM.
LIQUEFYING
2.COMPACT
2.FOUNDATION AND
3.BODY POWDER
VANISHING CREAM
3.HAND AND BODY
CREAM
4.ALL-PURPOSE
CREAM
5.NIGHT AND
MASSAGE CREAMS

SKIN
COLOURANTS
1.LIPSTICK 2.ROUGES
1.POWDER AND
COMPACT ROUGES.
2.ANHYDROUSCREAM
ROUGES
3.EMULSION CREAM
ROUGES.
4.LIQUID ROUGES

SUNBURN
PRODUCT

1.SUNSCREEN
2.PALLIATIVE
3.SIMULATIVE

12

SKIN CREAM
Creams are semisolid emulsions containing
mixture of oil and water. There consistency
varies between liquids and solids.

13

1.CLEANSING CREAM
They are used for the purpose of removing makeup, remove
the dirt on the skin and to clean the secretion
of skin form the face and neck respectively.
PROPERTIES:

They should be easy to apply.

They should be spread easily on the skin.
They should have a nice appealing appearance.
They should not cause irritation to skin.
They should not melt or liquefy when applied on to skin.
They should form an emollient film on the skin.
They should not make the skin dry.
They should remove chemicals of facial make-up effectively.
They should help in softening, lubricating and protecting skin apart form
cleaning.
14

 How to apply?
They are applied on face and neck with the help
of finger tips. Then the fingers are rotated upward
on the skin for spreading purpose. Tissue paper
or cotton wool is used to remove the residue of
the cream.

Cleansing cream are of two types:

Bees wax-borax type/emulsified type.
Liquefying type

15

Bees wax-borax type/emulsified

type

It is an oil-water type of emulsion, containing high

percentage of mineral oil. This mineral oil helps in
imparting cleansing property.
INGREDIENTS

QTY

Mineral oil(lubricant)

28g

Isopropyle myristate(lubricant & emmollient)

14g

Acetoglyceride(luster)

2.5g

Petroleum jelly(lubricant)

7.5g

beeswax(emollient)

15g

Borax(buffer)

1g

Water(vehicle)

32g

Preservative

q.S

perfume

q.s

16

Liquefying type
This type of creams consist of a mixture of
oil and water which are translucent in
nature. They are anhydrous creams with
thixotropic character i.e. they liquefy when
applied on the skin.
INGREDIENTS

QTY

Mineral oil(lubricant)

80g

Petrolatum(protective agent)

15g

Ozokerite wax(humectant)

5g

Preservative

q.S

perfume

q.S
17

2.COLD CREAM
These type of creams are water-in-oil
type of emulsions. They produce cooling sensation by
the evaporation of water, after their application on to the
skin, hence known as cold creams. They should
possess emollient action and the layer left on the skin
after application should be non-occlusive.

INGREDIENTS

QTY

White beeswax(emollient)

20g

Mineral oil(lubricant)

50g

Distilled water(vehicle)

28.8g

Borax(buffer)

0.7g

Perfume

0.5g
18

VANISHING AND FOUNDATION

CREAM
These creams are also referred to
as day cream as they are applied
during day time. These cream provide
emollient as well as protective action to
the skin against environmental
condition by forming a semi-occlusive
residual film. This film is neither greasy
nor oily.

3.VANISHING CREAM

They are oil in water type of emulsion. When applied

on the surface of the skin, they spread as a thin oil less
film which is not visible to naked eye. Hence, they are
called vanishing creams. They are used to hold powder on
the skin as well as to improve adhesion.
19

Properties:
1.It should have high melting point.
2. It should be pure white in color.
3. It should possess very little
Odour.
INGREDIENTS

QTY

Stearic acid(lubricant)

17g

Sodium carbonate

0.5g

Potassium hydroxide(softening agent)

0.5g

Glycerin(humectant)

6g

Water(vehicle)

7g

Alcohol(antiseptic)

4.5g

Perfume

0.5g

20

4.FOUNATION CREAM
Foundation creams vary widely in viscosity
and are available in the form of pourable
lotions to thicker creams. These creams
are prepared by incorporating powders
like titanium dioxide, kaolin, bentonite and
pigments

21

Properties:
1.They provide emollient base or foundation to skin.
They are applied before applying face powder or
other make-up preparation.
2.They should be easily spread on the skin.
3.They should be non-greasy in nature.
4.They should be capable of leaving a non-occlusive
film on skim after application.
They are of two types:
1-Pigmented foundation creams.
2-Unpigmented foundation cream.
22

INGREDIENTS

QTY

Lanolin(emollient)

2g

Cetyl alcohol

0.50g

Stearic acid(lubricant)

10g

Potassium hydroxide(softening agent)

0.40g

Propylene glycol(humectant)

8g

Water(vehicle)

79.10g

Perfume

q.s

Preservative

q.s

23

5.HAND AND BODY CREAM

Due to repeated exposure of skin to water,

soap and detergents many times a
day leads to removal of lipids and
other secretions from the skin. Cold
and dry winds are responsible for
chapping of the skin. Chapping
occurs due to loss of moisture from
The skin, which is also associated with cracking.
Water is sufficient to treat the dryness of the skin but
evaporation of water takes place which makes the skin dry
again and no emollient effect is
produced.
24

Properties:
1.They should be easy to apply.
2.They helps in softening or imparting emollient
effect to hands.
3.They should not leave behind sticky film after
their application.
4.They should not interfere with perspiration of
the skin as it may reduce its bio availability.
5.Perfume and color should be added in cream
preparation for pleasant smell and
appearance.
25

INGREDIENTS

QTY

Isoproply myristste(lubricant & emollient)

4g

Mineral oil(lubricant)

2g

Stearic acid(lubricant)

3g

Emulsifying wax(emulsifier)

0.275g

Lanolin(emollient)

2.5g

Glycerin(humectant)

3g

Triethanolamine(emulsifying agent)

1g

Water(vehicle)

84.225g

Perfume

q.S

Presevation

q.s

26

6.NIGHT AND MASSAGE CREAMS

Night cream are the preparation which are

applied during night time and removed in the
morning where as massage cream are the
preparation which are gently applied and
rubbed on the skin through massage
technique. These creams exhibit moisturizing
and emollient action and thus prevent dryness
of skin.

27

 Why does skin becomes dry?

when stratum corneum is exposed to low
humidity, excessive loss of water takes place
with attributes to dryness of skin.
When the lower layer of epidermis does not
hydrate properly.
when the skin is in contact with soap or
solution of detergent for long time.

28

Properties:
1.These creams are formulated with fatty
substance which helps in their easy spreading
on the skin.
2.These creams help in providing occlusive
layer to the skin, which reduce the rate of
water loss from the transepidermal layer. The
occlusive layer is also responsible for
providing moisturizing effect on the skin.

29

INGREDIENTS

QTY

Beeswax(emollient)

8g

Mineral oil(lubricant)

15g

Lanolin oil(emollient)

7.5g

Isopropyl palmitate(emollient and thickening agent)

10g

Acetylated glyceride(emulsifier and emollient)

2g

Borax(buffer)

0.5g

Water(vehicle)

35g

Perfume

q.s

Preservative

q.s

Antioxidant

q.s
30

7.All-purpose\sport cream
These creams are used by sportspersons
and also by people who do outdoor activities,
hence called as sports creams.
Properties:
1.They are oily in nature but non-greasy.
2.They provide protective film to the skin.
3.They make the rough surface of the skin
smooth.

31

4.When applied in more quantity:

-Nourishing cream
-protective cream
-Night cream
-Cleansing cream
5.When applied in less quantity:
-Hand cream
-Foundation cream

32

INGREDIENTS

QTY

WOOL ALCOHOL(EMMOLLIENT)

2.5g

Microcrystalline wax(adhesive agent)

6g

Mineral oil(lubricant)

21g

Petroleum jelly(lubricant)

5g

Glycerin(humectant)

5g

Magnesium sulphate(protective layer)

0.7g

water(vehicle)

59.8g

Perfume

q.s

Preservative

q.s

Butylated hydroxyanisol(antioxidant)

q.s
33

FILLING

34

PACKAGING

35

EVALUATION

IN-VITRO METHODS:
Tensile strength tester :- For determining the tensile property
of the excised stratum corneum of the skin.
Hargans gas bearing electro dynamometer(GBE) :- Helpful in
determining and monitoring the viscoelastic behaviour of the
skin.
Gravimetric analytical method:- Helps in establishing
relationship between water content present in stratum corneum
and relative humidity.
Thermal analytical method:- Various methods like DSC, TMA
and TGA are used in order to provide information about the
effect of temperature which cause changes in stratum
corneum .

36

IN-VIVO METHODS:
1) Transpirometry :-Helps in measuring trans epidermal
water loss of the skin which helps in providing
information on moisturizing potential.
2) Scanning electron microscopy :- Skin replicas are
used in this method to know the effects of topical
preparations on the skin condition i.e dry and rough skin.
3) Sensitivity test :-These test are performed in order to
measure the irritancy, sensitization potential and
phototoxicity of the skin.

37

POWDER
The main property of face powder is to impart
smooth finish to the skin, masking of minor
visible imperfection, masking of shine due to
moisture or grease.
Powder are considered as one of the important
products of skin care preparation.
The a widely used by both men and women

38

CHARACTERISTICS
It should possess good covering powder in
order to hide blemishes present on the skin.
It should remain on the skin for a long period
of time.
It should be able to impart peach like
appearance to the skin.
It should possess good absorbent property.
It should remove the shine present on the
skin as well as around the nose.
It should be able to produce transparency
effect.
39

Properties:
1.It should not be hard in nature.
2.It should have less solubility in water and
mixtures of fat.
3.It should be non-toxic in nature.
4.It should not be irritant to the skin.
5.It should be chemically stable.

40

1.FACE POWDER

These powder have the ability to complement the

skin colour by providing velvety finish to it
PROPERTIES:
1. It should impart smooth finish to the skin.
2. It should mask minor imperfection on the skin.
3. It should last for a long period of time.
4. It should serve as a vehicle perfumes so that
particles of perfumes may spread easily.
5. It should be resistant to the secretion of the skin.
There are three type of face powder:
-light
-medium
-heavy
41

INGREDIENTS

LIGHT

MEDIUM

HARD

Talc(slip character)

63g

39.7g

20g

Kaolin(covering material)

20g

39.5g

20g

Calcium carbonate(absorbent)

5g

5g

39g

Zink oxide(covering material)

5g

7g

15g

Zinc stearate(slip character)

5g

7g

Magnesium carbonate(absorbent)

1g

1g

5g

colour

0.5g

0.2g

0.5g

perfume

0.5g

0.6g

0.5g

42

COMPACTS
Loose powder or dry powder are
compressed in form of cake along with
binders by compaction process, in order to
form compact powders.
Compact powder are applied with the help
of powder puff.
The pressure is used for the compaction
Process which is very important
In this type of formulation.
43

PREPARATION OF COMPACT POWDER

-Wet method
-dry method
-damp method
INGREDIENTS

QTY

Talc(slip char)

69g

Kaolin(covering
material)

18g

Titanium dioxide

8g

Zinc stearate(slip
char)

5g

Colour, perfume

Q.s

binder

Q.s

INGREDIENTS

QTY

Gum arabic(water soluble

binder)

1g

Glycerol(emulsion binder)

5g

Water(vehicle)

94g

preservative

Qs

44

BODY POWDER/TALCUM POWDER/DUST

POWDER
These powder are widely used preparation for
multiple purposes. They contain covering material,
adhesives, absorbents, slip materials, antiseptics
and perfume.
Properties:
1.They should provide good slip character to the
skin.
2. They should provide cooling and lubrication effect
to the skin.
3. They should be able to prevent irritation of the
skin, which is produced due to chaffing.
45

INGREDIENTS

QTY

Talc(slip char)

75g

Colloidal kaolin(adhesive material)

10g

Colloidal silica(binding agent)

5g

Magnesium carbonate(absorbent)

5g

Aluminum stearate

4g

Boric acid(antiseptic)

0.3g

perfume

0.7g

46

Evaluation tests
shade test- The variation of colour shade is determined and
controlled
colour dispersion test- with the help of magnifying glass,
segregation or bleeding of colour is observed.
Pay-off test- check the adhesive property of powder with the
puff, mainly used for compact powder.
Flow property test- Measured by measuring the angle of
repose. Mainly for body powder.
Particle size determination- with the help of microscope or seive
analysis.
Abrasive character
Moisture content-can be determine by using this formula,
Moisture content(%)= weight of water in sample X 5 weight of
dry sample
47

SKIN COLOURENT
1.ROUGE
Rouge are one of the form of skin colorants or
beauty aid. They help in altering the appearance
of the skin which in turn enhance attractiveness
They are available in various shades of
colours,texture and lustre.
They should not damage the skin.

48

CHARACTERISTICS:
1.Smooth texture
2.Evenly distributed colour
3.Good covering power
4.Ease of application
5.Perfect blending on skin
6.Good adhesiveness
7.Ease of removal without residual stain
8.Well formed cake which will not flake,
crack or crumble or be too hard.
49

Classification:

Powder and compact rouges

Anhydrous cream rouges
Emulsion rouges
Liquid rouges

50

Powder and compact rouges

They are marketed in form of loose
powders which contain pigments and
lakes in dry form. The contain 5.20%ofthe
powder mass used in the formulation
INGREDIENTS

QTY

Zinc stearate(adhesive char)

8.3g

Rice starch(absorbent material)

14,5g

Talc(slip char)

55g

Pigment

14g

perfume

2g
51

Anhydrous cream rouges

They are also known as wax-base rouges
because the base used is of was type. They
are similar to lipstick but are larger.
The melting point of which ranges between
40-60oc.
INGREDIENTS

QTY

Beeswax(emollient)

16g

Petroleum jelly(lubricant)

4g

Castor oil(adhesive)

54g

Paraffin oil(lubricant)

11g

Lanolin(emollient)

5g

Lakes(colour)

10g

Perfume, pigment

q.s

52

Emulsion rouges
They are one of the widely used popular
preparations as they are easy to apply and are
available in the form of cold cream or
vanishing cream.

53

Liquid rouges
This type of preparation contain solution of
hydro-alcoholic colour.
1-easy to apply.
2-produce good effect on skin.
3-dry quickly.
4-should not cause an harm to the skin.
INGREDIENTS

QTY

Erythrosine(colour)

0.5g

Propylene glycol

20g

Ethyl alcohol

10g

Rose water

69.5g

54

EVALUATION
Melting point- It is determined by capillary tube
method
Colour dispersion test- It is checked under
microscope and no particle, above 50, should be
there
Stability test- product is kept at over 40o c for a one
month period noting the changes
Compatibility with container- Compatibility of the
product with the plastic is to be checked.
Sedimentation rate test
55

2.LIPSTICK
Lipstick may be defined as dispersion of
the colouring matter In a base consisting of a suitable
blend of oils, fats and waxes with suitable perfumes
and flavors, moulded in form of sticks to impart
attractive gloss and colour, when applied on lips.
Lipstick provide moist appearance to lips
accentuating them and disguising their defects.

56

Characteristics
It should efficiently cover lips with colour and
impart a gloss which would last long.
It should show a smear proof colouring
effect.
It should not be gritty.
It should dry easily.
The stick should not dry.
It should be safe and non irritating.
It should adhere firmly to the lip
57

evaluation
Melting point-The determination of melting point is done in order to
determine the storage characteristics of the product.
Breaking point-To determine the strength and hardness of the lipstick.
Determination of thixotropic character-to determine the uniform
viscosity of base.
Microbiological tests
Test for rancidity-:- Can be done by using hydrogen peroxide and
determining its peroxide number.
Test for application force
Stability
Determination of surface characteristics
Determination of colour dispersion.

58

SUNBURN PRODUCTS
Exposure to sunrays produce both beneficial
and harmful effects. Cosmetic products which
prevent the skin from the deleterious effects of
sun like sunburns and sun tan are collectively
called sunburn products.

59

 Beneficial effects:

When exposed to a moderate period of time,

it helps in stimulating of the blood circulation
and formation of hemoglobin.
It also helps in the formation of vitamin D by
activating 7-dehydrocholesterol.
Vit-D helps in absorption of calcium form
intestine.

60

 Harmful effects:
IMMEDIATE
TANNING

3000-6000A0

IN ONE HOUR

DELYED
TANNING

2900-3200A0

IN 5-9 DAYS

TRUE TANNING

WITHIN 2DAYS
REACH
MAXIMUM
LEVEL WITHIN 23WEEKS

61

PROPERTIES
They provide protection to the skin in form of a layer. This
layer helps in preventing sun rays reaching the skin either
by absorbing or reflecting.
They help in filtering the sun rays. Tis is done by absorbing
rays which have wave length range of 289m-320m. UV
rays and higher wavelength rays are allowed to reflect.
The products containing biological substances, histamines
ect. prevent the symptoms of inflammation caused by sun
rays.
The products containing dioxyacetone,8methoxypsoralene(10-20mg internally)ect.,help in
accelerating the process of tanning

62

CLASSIFICATION

Different type of sunburn product are:

Sunscreen product
Palliative product
Simulative/artificial suntan product

SUNSCREEN PRODUCTS
They are considered as one of the important preparation of
cosmetics. They provide protection against sunburn .
They also help in absorbing the portion of erythema on
the skin caused by sun's radiant energy
In winter high proportion of UV rays are reflected than
summer.

63

Properties:
They should be able to absorbing light, which
has wavelength in range 280-320m.
They should be stable in order to withstand
heat, light and perspiration.
They should be non=toxic and neutral in
nature.
They should not cause any irritation.

64

INGREDIENTS

QTY

Homomenthyl salicylate(protective agent)

8g

Tween(emulsifying agent)

7.5g

Mineral oil(lubricant)

2g

Spermaceti

5g

Glycerin(humectant)

5g

Water(solvent)

72.5g

Perfume,preservative

q.Ss

65

PALLIATIVE PRODUCT
These products help in treating irritation and other
problem such as steam burn ect.
PROPERTIES
-They should be antiseptic in nature in order to treat
bacterial infection, which is secondary effect of sunburn.
-they should be aqueous solution or emulsions(o/w)
-They should provide both protective and cooling effect.
-They should be non-greasy and non-oily preparation

66

INGREDIENTS

OTY

Calamine(emollient)

15g

Zinc oxide(covering material)

5g

Camphor

1g

Alcohol(antiseptic)

10g

Glycerin(humectant)

10g

Rose water(vehicle)

59g

Methyl paraben

q.s

67

SIMULATIVE/ARTIFICIAL SUNTAN
PRODUCTS

These preparation help in producing

suntan by staining the skin. They
contain enhanced colour in order to
prevent the damage caused by
sunburns.
These preparation usually contain
synthetic staining materials.
These preparation are done by two
ways:
68

 Systemic suntan: These substance produce suntan

by increasing the rate of pigmentation in the skin.
Eg: psoralen, alkoxy psoralen,8-methoxy psoralen
ect.8-methoxy psoralen is also available in tablet
form i.e 10-20mg is taken orally which increases the
rate of pigmentation within 2-4hrs after the skin has
been exposed to sunlight.
Stain produced by chemical: Even chemical
substance are capable of staining the skin and
producing artificial suntan. These chemical produce
a stain which is semi-permanent
Eg; Dihydroxyacetone, juglone, lawsone, erythrulose,
ect
69

INGREDIENTS

QTY

Dihydroxy acetone(staining agent)

4g

Ethyl alcohol(antiseptic)

28g

Sorbital syrup

3g

Boric acid powder(antiseptic)

1g

Methyl paraben

1g

Allantoin(soothing agent)

0.3g

Water(solvent)

60.7g

perfume

2g

70

EVALUATION
Spectrophotometric evaluation :-To evaluate the u.v

absorption ability of the sun screen lotion compounds.

Erythemal dosage :- To estimate the erythemally
effective radiation, transmitted by suntan preparation.
In-vivo skin testing :- this is a direct test on animal
skin particularly rabbit, the site used is either
abdomen or backside, as these sites have minimum
sensitivity.
Sunscreen index test.

71

M SKIN BLEACH
CREAM
most
by pigments,
melanins

These impart colour to the skin, the

Important role is played
carotenes and

Most commonly used skin bleach agents are:

-mercury compound(prohibited)
-hydroquinones(conc-1.5-2.0%)
-catechol and its derivatives(3%)
-ascorbic acid and its derivatives(3%-5%)
-oxidizing agent(not proved)
-opaque covering agents(talc, kaolin, zinc oxide)
72

INGREDIENT

QTY

Hydrogen peroxide

8.0%

EDTA

0.5%

Hydrogen quinoline

0.1%

Ethanol

3.0%

Propylene glycol

5.0%

Water

To make 100%

Preservative

q.s

73

FACE PACK AND MASK

They are used by women from early
times. It
may be in liquid form or paste form and are allowed to
dry.
PROPERTIES:
-They should form a smooth paste and should have
pleasant odour.
-It should get dried quickly
-Should be non-toxic to the skin.
-Should remove dirt and oil.
-Should be easily washable.

74

INGREDIENT

QTY

Paraffin wax

60.0%

Microcrystalline wax

12.0%

Mineral oil

22.0%

Cetyl alcohol

4.0%

Isopropyl alcohol

0.5%

bentonite

1.5%

75

BATH PREPARATION
Bath preparation are formulated for different
purposes. A bath preparation may serve
severs or all the following purposes:
To give the user refreshing felling.
To soften hard water.
To impart pleasing effect to bath, by addition
of colour and perfume.
To clean the body of dirt and colour.
76

BATH SALTS
There are two main type of bath salts;
-those which primarily impart colour &
perfume to the bath.
-Those which soften hard water facilitating
cleansing in addition to imparting colour
and perfume to the bath.
Sodium chloride

97.5%

perfume

2.5%

colour

q.s
77

BATH POWDER
Bath powder can be prepared either form
sodium carbonate(dry) or sodium
sesquicarbonate. A small amount of alkyl
sulphate salt or borax can also be included in
the formulation.
Sodium carbonate(dried)

90%

Sodium alkyl sulphate

10%

Perfume & colour

q.s

78

FOAM BATH

Foam bath or bubble bath are the most

popular bath preparations. The purpose of
such preparation is to fill the bath tub with light
and frothy lather.
-The bubble bath should foam easily
without requiring execssive
water pressure.
-Foam should be stable irrespective.
-The product should not form a ring around the
bath tub.
-Should be non irritating.
79

Triethanolamine lauryl sulphate

35%

Alkyloamide

3%

Perfume

5%

Water

100%

Colour & preservative

q.s

80

BATH OIL
Dry skin affects both young and old. Mild drying
causes rough skin and its scaling. In old age
cutaneous and subcutaneous layers becomes thin
due to atrophic changes.
Sebaceous and sweat glands also slow down there
by making the skin more dry and flaky.
Bath oil is classified into four main categories:

Floating orspreading type bath oil.

Dispersible type bath oil
Soluble type bath oil
Foaming type bath oil.
81

INGREDIENT

QTY

Isopropyl myristate

35%

Mineral oil

35%

Diethy phthalate

10%

Perfume

20%

colour

q.s

82

CONCLUSION

83

SUMMARY
84

REFERENCES
Hand book on cosmetics by S.K Singh,pg-201-220.
Cosmetics-formulation, manufacturing & quality contral
by PP Sharma, ed2005,pg-131-291.
Cosmetic technology bySanju nanda, Arun nanda, Roop
k khar, ed-2011,pg-238-306.
A seminar on SKIN CARE PRODUCTS. By:- V arun M
Gandhi(ppt)
A seminar by K.Senthil.(ppt).
.

85

K
N
A
H
U
T O
Y

86