LAHORE RESOLUTION 1940

Instructor :
Farhat Nasim
Pakistan Studies

Contents
Introduction
Background
Proceedings
Quaid-e-Azams Address
The Resolution
Significance
Commemoration
Controversies
Hindu Reaction
British Reaction
Conclusion

Introduction
The Lahore Resolution (LR) or the Pakistan resolution of 1940 is a
significant and document of primary importance in the history of
Pakistan.

Lahore Resolution signified a change of direction of the Muslim

Movement. It identified a new destination, Lahore Resolution was
basically was a change of strategy.

In the past the talk was for Federalism, provincial autonomy,

constitutional safeguards and guarantees. Here in Lahore Resolution
Muslim League officially talked about separatism, a separate state or
the partition of India.

This was something which they thought was needed for achieving
the primary goal and that was the protection and promotion of
Muslim identity and Muslim interests in the Indo-Pak Sub Continent.

Background
Following are mentioned reasons behind Lahore
Resolution 1940:

Identity of the Muslims:

Muslims wanted to protect and promote their
identity and interests and that was why they
gave different proposals .Ultimately the political
experience led them to the conclusion that
perhaps partition or division of India will offer
them a more secure solution, a better option
and a more practical method to realize their
goals and objectives.

Pakistan Movement or struggle for

the establishment of Pakistan where Lahore
Resolution stands as a landmark. It was a political
movement and the demand which the Muslims of
South Asia made in the city of Lahore in March
1940 for a separate state or a separate homeland
or a separate country. However, this combined
the spiritual and worldly dimensions, spiritual
dimensions that were the bases of their cultural
and socio-political identity. Political demands
were how to secure that identity of Muslims. For
example Quaid-e-Azams fourteen points those
were political demands and whatever was
suggested in the Lahore Resolution was also a
political demand.

Allama Iqbal talked about the redistribution of

India in his Allahabad Address. First he talked
about North West of India where Muslims were in
majority and later in his letters he talked about
Bengal another area where Muslims were in a
majority.

The term Pakistan:

Similarly, Ch.Rehmat Ali another hero in the
struggle for the establishment of Pakistan. He
also talked about the Muslim India and he coined
the term Pakistan a separate homeland for the
Muslims of South Asia for insuring a secure future
in accordance with the principles and ideals
which are central to their lives and their
worldview.

PROCEEDINGS

Chaudhry Khaliq-uz-zaman seconding the

Resolution with Jinnah presiding. The session was
held between 22 march and 24 march, 1940, at
Minto Park (now Iqbal),Lahore.

The welcome address was made by Nawab

Sir Shah Nawaz Mamdot. In his speech, Jinnah
recounted the contemporary situation, stressing
that the problem of India was no more of an intercommunal nature, but manifestly an
international. He criticized the Congress and the
nationalist Muslims, and espoused the Two-Nation
Theory and the reasons for the demand for
separate Muslim homelands.


Sikandar Hayat Khan, the Chief of the Punjab, drafted
the original Lahore Resolution, which was placed before
the Subject Committee of the All India Muslim League for
discussion and amendments. The Resolution text
unanimously rejected the concept of United India on the
grounds of growing inter-communal violence and
recommended the creation of an independent Muslim
state.
After the presentation of annual report by Liaquat Ali
Khan, the Resolution was moved in the general session by
A.K. Fazlul Haq, the Chief Minister ofBengaland was
seconded by Chaudhry Khaliq-uz- zaman who explained
his views on the causes which led to the demand of a
separate state.

 Subsequently, Maulana Zafar Ali Khan from

Punjab, Sardar Aurangzeb from the NWFP, Sir
Abdullah Haroon from Sindh, and Qazi Esa from
Baluchistan, and other leaders announced their
support. In the same session, Jinnah also
presented are solution to condemn the Khaksar
massacre of19 March, owing to a clash between
the Khaksar and the police, that had resulted in
the loss of lives.

QUAID-E-AZAMS
ADDRESS:
The venue of the session was Minto Park
near Badshahi Masjid and Lahore Fort. The
inaugural session was planned at around three in
the afternoon on March 22. People started coming
from the morning and by the afternoon the park
was jam packed. According to a rough estimate
around 100,000 attended the public meeting. In
the beginning of the session, the welcome
address was presented by the Nawab of Mamdot.
This was followed by the historical speech of
Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah.

English narrated the events that took place in the past

few months. He concluded,
Hindus and the Muslims belong to
two different religious philosophies, social
customs and literature. They neither inter-marry
nor inter-dine together, and, indeed, they belong
to two different civilizations that are based
mainly on conflicting ideas and conceptions.
Their concepts on life and of life are different. It
is quite clear that Hindus and Muslims derive
their inspiration from different sources of history.
They have different epics, different heroes and
different episodes. Very often the hero of one is a
foe of the other, and likewise, their victories and
defeats overlap. To yoke together two such
nations under a single state, one as a numerical
minority and the other as a majority, must lead to
growing discontent and final destruction of any

He further claimed,
Muslims are a nation according to
any definition of nationhood. We wish our people to
develop to the fullest spiritual, cultural, economic,
social and political life in a way that we think best
and in consonance with our own ideals and
according to the genius of our people.
During his speech the Quaid quoted the
letter written by Lala Lajpat Rai in 1924 to C.R. Das in
which he clearly mentioned that the Hindus and the
Muslims were two separate and distinct nations which
could never be merged into a single nation. When Malik
Barkat Ali claimed that Lala Lajpat Rai was a
Nationalist Hindu leader, Quaid responded, No
Hindu can be a nationalist. Every Hindu is a Hindu
first and last.

THE RESOLUTION:
On March 23, A.K. Fazul Haq, the Chief
Minister of Bengal, moved the historical Lahore
Resolution. The Resolution consisted of five paragraphs

declared,
and The
eachresolution
paragraph
was only one sentence long.
While
approving
and endorsing
the
Although clumsily
worded,
it delivered
a clear message.
action taken by the Council and the Working
Committee of the All-India Muslim League, as
indicated in their resolutions dated the 27th of
August, 17th and 18th of September and 22nd of
October, 1939, and 3rd of February 1940, on the
constitutional issue, this session of the All-India
Muslim League emphatically reiterates that the
scheme of Federation embodied in the Government
of India Act, 1935 is totally unsuited to, and
unworkable in the peculiar conditions of this
country and is altogether unacceptable to Muslim

 its emphatic view that

It further
records,
while
the declaration
dated the 18th of
October, 1939, made by the Viceroy on
behalf of His Majestys Government is
reassuring in so far as it declares that the
policy and plan on which the Government of
India Act, 1935 is based will be
reconsidered in consultation with the
various parties, interests and communities
in India, Muslim India will not be satisfied
unless the whole constitutional plan is
reconsidered de novo and that no revised
plan would be acceptable to the Muslims
unless it is framed with their approval and
consent.

the considered view of this

session of the All-India Muslim League is
that no constitutional plan would be
workable in this country or acceptable to
Muslims unless it is designed on the
following basic principle, namely, that
geographically contiguous units are
demarcated into regions which should be so
constituted, with such territorial
readjustments as may be necessary, that
the areas in which the Muslims are
numerically in a majority, as in the NorthWestern and Eastern Zones of India, should
be grouped to constitute Independent
States in which the constituent units shall
be autonomous and sovereign.

 This session further authorizes,

the Working
Committee is to frame a scheme of
constitution in accordance with these basic
principles, providing for the assumption
finally by the respective regions of all
powers such as defense, external affairs,
communications, customs and such other
matters as may be necessary.
Those who seconded the resolution, in
their speeches declared the occasion as a historic
one. The Resolution was eventually passed on the
last day of the moot, i.e. March 24.

SIGNIFICANCE
Lahore resolution is a mile stone stepping towards the
creation of Pakistan. Explained under three basic points:
Demarcation of territory:
One significant point is that the Lahore
resolution does not offer a precise demarcation of
territory and it uses the word like territory units. So it was
talking in general terms identifying the territory where the
Muslims were in a majority so the underlying was that
Muslims were in majority.
The Direction:
Lahore Resolution was a declaration of
general intact, a declaration of the direction in which the
Muslim movement was to grow and this has to be seen
against the backdrop of various proposals for Muslim India
or for separation that existed at that time or were
presented earlier and in that context Lahore resolution
comes forward with a formal resolution for the future of

Britain Offers:
Developments after the passing of the
Lahore resolution are briefly discussed below,
By 1940 World War 11 was raging and the
British were involved in this War and because of the
British India was also involved in the Second World War
.The desire of the British government was that the Indian
leaders should help the British war efforts, they should
join the British efforts in the war and in order to obtain
their cooperation and support the British government
began to make certain political gestures and offers that
talk about certain political concessions and political
changes in return for their cooperation in the British war
efforts, one such offer was made in August 1940.

COMMEMORATION
To commemorate the event,
Minar-e-Pakistan:
Minar-e-Pakistan (Lighthouse of Pakistan), a60
meters tall distinctive monument in the shape of
a minaret has been built at the site in Iqbal park
Lahore, where the resolution was passed.
National Holiday:
23 March is national holiday in Pakistan,
celebrated as Pakistan day to commemorate
Lahore Resolution as well as the day in 1956
when the country became the first Islamic
Republic in the world.

CONTROVERSIES

Name of Pakistan:
The name Pakistan was not used in the resolution and the
official name of the resolution was Lahore Resolution. It
was the Hindu newspapers including Partap, Bande
Matram, Milap, Tribune etc., who ironically coined the
name Pakistan Resolution. However, the idea was
appreciated by the Muslim masses and the Resolution is
more known as Pakistan Resolution.
use of Word states in document:
Secondly, it the word states and not state was
mentioned in the Resolution. It means that the authors of
the Resolution were foreseeing two separate states in the
north-western and eastern zones of India. But if one has a
good look at the developments that followed, he or she
would come to the conclusion that either the word
states was included as a mistake or the League
leadership soon had a second thought to their idea.

HINDU REACTION
The Hindu reaction was, of course, quick, bitter and
malicious.
They called the Pakistan demand as an antinational.
They characterized it as vivisection; above all,
they denounced it as imperialist inspired to
obstruct Indias march to freedom.
In denouncing the demand outright, they, however,
missed the central fact of the Indian political situation;
the astonishingly tremendous response of the Pakistan
demand had elicited from the Muslim masses.

REACTION
The British were equally hostile to the Muslim
demand for at least two important reasons.
First, they had long considered themselves as the
architects of the unity of India and of an Indian nation.
Second, they had long regarded the super-imposed unity
under tax Britannica as their greatest achievement and
lasting contribution in history. And the Pakistan demand
threatened to undo these presumed achievements on
which the British had long prided.
However, despite the Hindu denunciation and the
British alarm, the course of Muslim, indeed Indian, politics
was from now on firmly set towards Pakistan.


The All India Muslim League Resolution of March
1940, commonly known as the Pakistan Resolution, is
undoubtedly the most important event that changed the
course of Indian history and left deep marks on the world
history.

With the passage of this Resolution, the Muslims

of the sub-continent changed their demand from
Separate Electorates to a Separate State. This
Resolution rejected the idea of a United India and the
creation of an independent Muslim state was set as their
ultimate goal. It gave new energy and courage to the
Muslims of the region who gathered around Quaid-e-Azam
from the platform of the Muslim League to struggle for
their freedom.

The dynamic leadership of the Quaid and the

commitment and devotion of the followers made it
possible for them to achieve an independent state within
seven years of their struggle, and that too when the odds
were against them.