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    Biodiversity (Semester 2 Matriculation)

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    Sasikumar Kovalan
    This document discusses biodiversity and biological classification systems. It describes three types of biodiversity: genetic, species, and ecosystem diversity. It then explains the hierarchical classification system and two main classification systems - the five kingdom system introduced by Whitaker and the three domain system introduced by Woese. The five kingdom system classifies organisms into five kingdoms - Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia based on cell structure and nutrition. The three domain system divides all living things into three domains - Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya based on differences in ribosomal RNA.

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    Biodiversity (Semester 2 Matriculation)

    Uploaded by

    Sasikumar Kovalan
    3K views32 pages
    This document discusses biodiversity and biological classification systems. It describes three types of biodiversity: genetic, species, and ecosystem diversity. It then explains the hierarchical classification system and two main classification systems - the five kingdom system introduced by Whitaker and the three domain system introduced by Woese. The five kingdom system classifies organisms into five kingdoms - Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia based on cell structure and nutrition. The three domain system divides all living things into three domains - Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya based on differences in ribosomal RNA.

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    Biodiversity. Kingdom Animalia and Plantae

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    This document discusses biodiversity and biological classification systems. It describes three types of biodiversity: genetic, species, and ecosystem diversity. It then explains the hierarchical classification system and two main classification systems - the five kingdom system introduced by Whitaker and the three domain system introduced by Woese. The five kingdom system classifies organisms into five kingdoms - Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia based on cell structure and nutrition. The three domain system divides all living things into three domains - Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya based on differences in ribosomal RNA.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    3K views32 pages

    Biodiversity (Semester 2 Matriculation)

    Uploaded by

    Sasikumar Kovalan
    This document discusses biodiversity and biological classification systems. It describes three types of biodiversity: genetic, species, and ecosystem diversity. It then explains the hierarchical classification system and two main classification systems - the five kingdom system introduced by Whitaker and the three domain system introduced by Woese. The five kingdom system classifies organisms into five kingdoms - Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia based on cell structure and nutrition. The three domain system divides all living things into three domains - Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya based on differences in ribosomal RNA.

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    You are on page 1of 32

    SUBTOPIC

    11.1
    11.2
    11.3
    11.4
    11.5
    11.6

    Biodiversity & Classification


    Domain Bacteria & Archaea
    Domain Eukarya: Kingdom
    Protista/Protoctista
    Domain Eukarya: Kingdom
    Fungi
    Domain Eukarya: Kingdom
    Plantae
    Domain Eukarya: Kingdom
    Animalia

    11.1 Biodiversity and


    Classification
    OBJECTIVES
    State types of biodiversity :genetic,
    species and ecosystem diversity
    State hierarchical classification
    State the classification systems
    Five-kingdom system based on the
    Whittaker (1969)
    Three-domain system : Bacteria,
    Archaea and Eukarya

    TYPES OF BIODIVERSITY
    3 types :
    Genetic diversity
    Species diversity
    Ecosystem diversity

    GENETIC DIVERSITY

    Combination of different genes found


    within population of a species or within
    different populations of the same

    SPECIES DIVERSITY

    Variety of species in an ecosystem or


    throughout the entire biosphere

    ECOSYSTEM DIVERSITY

    Variety of ecosystems and ecological


    processes in the biosphere as well as
    the diversity within ecosystem

    TAXONOMY
    Definition :
    The science of naming,
    describing and classifying
    organisms

    BIOLOGICAL
    CLASSIFICATION AND
    NOMENCLATURE
    All living organisms are classified
    based on taxon (pl. taxa)
    Taxon: group of organisms at
    a particular level in a
    classification system
    Also known as taxonomic
    hierarchy

    BIOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION AND


    NOMENCLATURE
    Introduced by Sweedish
    naturalist, Carl Linnaeus (17071778)
    Biological nomenclature is
    based on the binomial system
    Binomial system:
    - is a formal system of naming
    living organisms
    - each organism has two part
    name
    - the name is known as binomial
    name or scientific name

    BINOMIAL NAME/SCIENTIFIC
    NAME
    Every organism is given a
    scientific name
    Each scientific name has two
    parts:
    First part : Genus (generic
    name)
    Second part : species
    (specific name)

    BINOMIAL NAME/SCIENTIFIC
    NAME
    Genus
    : first alphabet is
    CAPITAL LETTER
    species
    : all alphabets are
    lowercase letter
    If handwritten : must underline
    Genus and species separately
    If typed
    italic

    : both part must be

    SCIENTIFIC NAME
    Example :

    HIERARCHICAL
    CLASSIFICATION
    Taxonomic group :
    Domain
    Kingdom
    Phylum
    Class
    Order
    Family
    Genus
    Species

    HIERARCHICAL
    CLASSIFICATION

    Example #1 :
    Domain :
    Kingdom :
    Phylum
    Class
    Order
    :
    Family :
    Genus
    :
    Species :

    Eukarya
    Animalia
    : Chordata
    : Mammalia
    Carnivora
    Felidae
    Panthera
    Panthera pardus

    HIERARCHICAL
    CLASSIFICATION
    Example #2 :
    Domain :
    Kingdom
    Phylum
    Class
    :
    Order
    Family :
    Genus
    :
    Species :

    Eukarya
    : Plantae
    : Angiosperms
    Eudicots
    : Malvales
    Malvaceae
    Hibiscus
    Hibiscus rosa-sinensis

    CLASSIFICATION SYSTEMS
    Divide into 2:

    Fivekingdom
    system
    Introduced
    by Robert
    Whittaker;
    1969

    Three domain
    system
    Introduced by
    Carl Woese;
    1977

    FIVE KINGDOM SYSTEM

    FIVE KINGDOM SYSTEM


    R.H. Whittaker has classified
    living organism
    based on 3 criteria :
    Level of cell organization
    Level
    of
    organism
    organization
    Type of nutrition

    FIVE KINGDOM SYSTEM


    LEVEL OF ORGANIZATION OF
    CELL
    Prokaryote and eukaryote
    Prokaryote belongs to Kingdom
    Monera
    comprising
    bacteria
    and
    cyanobacteria

    FIVE KINGDOM SYSTEM


    LEVEL OF ORGANIZATION OF
    ORGANISM FOR EUKARYOTE
    Unicellular and multicellular
    Unicellular eukaryotes belong to
    Kingdom Protista
    Including Protozoa and Algae

    FIVE KINGDOM SYSTEM


    TYPE OF NUTRITION OF
    MULTICELLULAR
    Autotrophic
    and
    Heterotrophic
    Autotrophic
    nutritional
    mode
    belongs to Kingdom Plantae

    FIVE KINGDOM SYSTEM


    TYPE OF NUTRITION OF
    MULTICELLULAR
    Heterotrophic is either Saprophytic
    or Holozoic
    Multicellular eukaryote that is
    heterotrophic absorptive
    nutritional mode belongs to
    Kingdom Fungi
    Multicellular eukaryote that is
    heterotrophic ingestive nutritional
    mode belongs to Kingdom Animalia

    FIVE KINGDOM SYSTEM


    LIVING ORGANISMS
    I) Levels of cell organization
    Prokaryotic
    MONERA

    Eukaryotic
    II) Levels of organism organization

    unicellular

    multicellular

    PROTISTA

    III) Type of nutrition

    Photosynthesis
    (Autotrophic)

    heterotrophic

    PLANTAE
    Saprophytic
    (absorptive)

    Holozoic
    (ingestive)

    FUNGI

    ANIMALIA

    FIVE KINGDOM SYSTEM

    THREE DOMAIN SYSTEM


    Carl Woese (1977) classify
    organism base on differences in
    ribosomal RNA (rRNA) sequence
    between microorganisms
    rRNA one of the component to
    form ribosomes
    THREE domains:
    Domain Bacteria
    Domain Archaea
    Domain Eukarya

    THREE DOMAIN SYSTEM

    THREE DOMAIN SYSTEM


    Domain Bacteria and Archaea
    Prokaryotes
    Mostly single cell and
    microscopic
    Bacteria is the largest group
    of organism on Earth

    THREE DOMAIN SYSTEM


    Domain Eukarya
    Eukaryotes
    Include both unicellular and
    multicellular organisms
    Unicellular: Kingdom Protista
    Multicellular: Kingdom Fungi,
    Kingdom Plantae and
    Kingdom Animalia

    HOTS QUESTION
    Why is kingdom Monera is no
    longer considered a valid taxon?

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