CE 209 BUILDING CONSTRUCTION

(Cost effective building construction)

1. Features of Civil Engineering Projects
2. Building planning and principles of Architecture.

3.Construction materials and

techniques.
4. Building services.
5. Estimation and quantity surveying.
6. Group project

Participants in the Construction Industry

1. Decision Makers (client)
-Policy Makers
-Planners
-Developers
2. Consultants
-Project Managers
-Architects
-Engineers
-Quantity Surveyors
3. Contractors

All of them can get financially affected if cost is not considered in

the design process.
The most affected party would be the client.
During the design process may professional works on the same
project.
Therefore it is important that proper co-ordination is maintained
between the team members.
Architect generally look for aesthetics and the functionality of a
building.
Structural engineer will want to build the most stable structurally
efficient building.
Services Engineer will want the most efficient building in terms of
services
Quantity Surveyor will want the most economical building.

Developers/Decision Makers

Functional Requirements
-Building Size
-Comfort level
-Prestige
-Low running cost
Budgetary Constrains (Funds)

Engineers

Geotechnical
Structural
Building Services
-Electrical
-Mechanical (A/C, Lifts etc.)
-Water Supply & Drainage (Sewerage
disposal
systems)
-Acoustic (e.g. Auditorium)

Planning/Design & Construction

Feasibility, outline & Schematic

design
Detail designs
Specifications
Bill of quantities
Procurement
Construction
Maintenance

Cost Indicators
Cost/Square foot (meter), Cost /room,
Cost/bed,
cost/student etc.
Type of Building - Functional Category
- Form
Location
Subsoil Conditions - Foundation type
Materials- Architectural
- Structural
Systems - Ventilation
- Lighting

Architects

Engineers

Quantity Surveyor

Project Manager

Architect
Engineer
Quantity Surveyor
Project Manager

CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS AND

TECHNIQUES.
Materials and techniques by building
elements type- foundations,
superstructure, floor, doors and
windows, roof and rain water disposal
system, ceiling, relative costs,
advantages and disadvantages of
alternative materials and methods.

ORIGINAL GROUND

CONCRETE
TYPICAL CONCRETE

Nominal mix

Screed concrete (mass concrete or

non structural concrete) : Grade C15
Structural concrete :

Grade C20
C25
C30

NB: for water retaining structures

1:3:6 (40mm)

1:2:4 (20mm)
1:1.5:3 (20mm)
Mix design to
be done
1:1.5:3 (20mm)
With mix design

Pre stressed concrete: Grade C40

or above

Mix design to
be done

Why Foundation Required

A foundation is required to transmit and

distribute the forces from the super structures to
the ground. This must be accomplished without
exceeding the bearing capacity of the soil
beneath the foundation and the settlements
and particularly the differential settlements must
be kept within reasonable limit.
Total Settlement
Settlements
Differential Settlement

APPROPRIATE FOUNDATION TYPES.

(1) SHALLOW FOUNDATIONS.
(a) Conventional strip footing (for Single storied building)

Rubble/Brick Masonry.
Rubble/Brick Masonry with RC strips.
Rubble/Bricks Masonry with plinth beam.

(b) Pad foundation (for Multistoried building)

Isolated pad footings.

Pad footing with connected plinth beams.

(c) Stiffened strip foundations (for Multistoried building)

RC inverted T type.
Vierendeel girder type.

(d) Raft foundations (for Multistoried building)

Rigid raft
Flexible raft

(2) DEEP FOUNDATION

Piles. (Concrete/Timber)
Cylinders.

Subsurface Investigation (Soil testing)

Soil parameters required for the design are obtained by
soil testing in the laboratory or field. Samples collected
from the field.

In the laboratory
Triaxial Test,
Direct Shear Test,
Consolidation Test,
ect,

In the field
But less accuracy empirical relations based on field tests
like Standard Penetration Test (SPT) N value. It can be
used in the case of granular materials.
Plate Loading Tests.

Rubble foundation with damp proof

course (DPC)
DPC

1:5 (ct:Sand)
motar

(a) Rubble/Brick Masonry.

The most economical form of

foundation for brick wall structures.
Since no special technology is required
in their constructions which would be
done at a relatively low cost,
rubble/brick masonry foundations have
been conventionally used in single
storied construction.
The foundation is stepped to minimize
the amount of material.

Disadvantages
The main draw back of this foundation is
its inability to resist cracking due to
direct tension or flexural actions.
Therefore this foundation type can be
recommended only for hard laterite
soils.

Rubble foundation with RC strips

Rubble masonry with RC strips are

used where the bearing capacity of
the soil is low. Reinforcement is
required to prevent cracking.
However the RC strip at bottom will
not help much to tolerate the
differential settlements.

Rubble foundation with plinth

beams.

This plinth beam provide resistance

against tension and also can be improve
the flexural resistance of the foundation.
If can also serve an important purpose
by reducing the possible for differential
settlements.
it can be avoid for DPC because of plinth
beam is finished almost perfectly level.
This foundation is more expensive than
the normal rubble foundation.

Pad foundation/combined bases

Isolated pad bases are square or

rectangular slabs provided under
individual columns. They spread the
concentrated column load safely to
the ground.
Where two columns are closer
together and separate pad footings
would overlap. A combined base can
be used.

Inverted T type foundation

Inverted T-type reinforced concrete

foundations are used when the soil
conditions are not very satisfactory (weak
soil) so that differential settlements could be
expected. This type of foundation can be
considered as a more expensive.
The reinforced base slab provides increased
bearing area required
The stiffness these foundation can be
effectively enhanced by increasing the height
of web. Stiffness of these foundation is
generally much greater to that of masonry
foundation with or without RC strips.

Vierendeel type foundation for brick

walls

Lever arm
=Z

SECTION X - X

Stub
x

Settlements can occur when the

foundation constructed on very weak
soils.
The Vierendeel (Due to Belgium
Bridge engineer) type foundation
consists of a reinforced concrete
inverted T-beam where the webs are
filled with rubble instead of concrete.
Hence reducing the cost.

In order to ensure composite action of top

& bottom flanges stub columns should be
provided at an appropriate interval,
generally considered as equal to the lever
arm of the foundation
It was found that the Vierendeel
foundation provides a higher relative
stiffness factor than a inverted-T
foundation

Raft foundations

Raft foundations are used when the

bearing pressure should be
drastically reduced owing to low
bearing strength of the supporting
soils or when it is necessary to
reduce differential settlements by
bridging over variation in sub soils.

Deep foundation

Heavily loaded structures which are

likely to undergo large settlements if
supported on shallow foundations,
should be supported on suitable
bearing strata available at deeper
levels. Piles, cylinders ect Can be used
for transmitting the foundation loads.
Pre cast end bearing /friction piles

Piles

Cast in-situ end bearing /friction piles.

FOUNDATION ON LOW LYING AREAS

(MARSHY)
1. Significant features in the low lying area.

Low lying nature associated with high ground water table.

Weak and highly compressible subsoil condition (peat)

2. Necessity of a fill
To keep the area above the ground water table/flood level , it is
general practice to raise the ground by controlled fill.
The filling work is usually carried out with lateritic soils, gravelly
sand, sand, quarry dust. Initially fill is placed over a blanket of
course sand or quarry dust which not only enables faster dissipation
of pore water pressure but make filling operations easy.

3.

Settlement due to filling when a fill is placed over a marshy area

(which usually comprises of peat) immediate
compression/settlement can be noticed. Further that higher order of
settlements can be observed even after a long period of placing the
fill over marshy land.( Secondary Consolidation).

On the other hand , when a fill is placed

without proper compaction procedure,
buildings constructed over such fills produce
settlements within the fill itself.
If filling and compaction are properly
controlled with quality borrow material the fill
is likely to be stronger and less compressible
than natural consolidated deposits. such fill
can be used as a good base for foundation
of light and moderate buildings

Pre loading technique

Fill can be also be used as an
effective tool to improve poor ground
by preloading techniques. In this
process a surcharge load of fill is
placed for a sufficient time above the
normal required of level of fill.

4. Compaction of Fill
Compaction reduces voids within a fill which helps to control
subsequent moisture changes, achieve a state of increased unit
weight, increase shear strength of soil, reduce permeability and
make the compacted soil less susceptible to settlement upon
loading. Hence compaction is one of the most important basic
methods of improving loose soil in a fill.

4.1 Field Compaction

when a low laying area is required for filling it is advisable to
strip weak and compressible top surface material. Generally
filling the first layer is somewhat difficult. However continuous
filling should be kept on until a base is formed just above the
ground water table. The thickness of the first layer shall not be
more than 600mm loose state. As it is difficult to deploy a
mechanical roller at this stage hand ramming is permitted to
achieve at least 85% of the standard Proctor density.
If the soils in the upper layers are soft clays, it is advisable to
provide a sand blanket (approx. 0.5 mm thick) for efficient
lateral drainage of pore water from the consolidating layers.
Subsequent layers however should be compacted by mechanical
means to the specific density (90-95% slandered proctor
density.

Rubble foundation and reinforced

brickwork system for weak clayey soils.

The foundation of the vierendeel type

foundation is to stiffen the
foundation so that it can resist the
loads. As the result it would be
possible to prevent cracking of the
brickwork.

Since the cost of Vierendeel type

foundation can be very much more
than the normal rubble foundation an
attempt has been made to introduce
a composite reinforced brickwork and
rubble foundation system.

REINFORCED CONCRETE
PRE CAST
ELEMENTS

PRE STRESSED CONCRETE

BEAMS
SLABS
COLUMNS

ADVANTAGE USING PRE CAST ELEMENTS

1. SPEEDY CONSTRUCTION
2. GOOD QUALITY
3. NO FORMWORK (SHUTTERING) REQUIRED.
4. LESS LABOUR COMPONENT

Tall concrete buildings (sky scrapers)

Worlds tallest building Taipei

Financial Centre Taiwan As year
2004.
No of stories 101
Height 508m

Wind/Earthquakes

Wind/Earthquakes

PLAN
Wind/Earthquakes

Architecturally to be Symmetric in
plan.
High strength concrete used ( grade
80-120 N/mm2)
Acceleration at the top stories should
be 0.05 m/s2 (Human perception
level)

Thank you.

(1)FLOOR FINISHES FOR BUILDING

DOMESTIC (Ex RESIDENTIAL HOUSE)
PUBLIC (Ex HOSPITAL)
INDUSTRIAL (Ex FACTORY)

CE 209 BUILDING CONSTRUCTION

CE 209 BUILDING CONSTRUCTION

Features of Civil Engineering Projects

Building planning and principles of
Architecture.
Construction materials and
techniques.
Building services.
Estimation and quantity surveying.
Group project

CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS AND

TECHNIQUES.
Materials and techniques by building
elements type- foundations,
superstructure, floor, doors and
windows, roof and rain water
disposal system, ceiling, relative
costs, advantages and disadvantages
of alternative materials and
methods.

Thermal comfort

Sri Lanka experiencing warm humid

climatic conditions, hot discomfort is a
major problem inside houses. Therefore
mechanical means are often used for
providing acceptable thermal comfort
level indoors. (e.g.: A/C, fans, etc).
Therefore it is required to select the form
of the houses so that providing adequate
thermal conform with minimum usage of
electricity. (Energy)

Orientation of the building (E-W)

The effect of shading devices.

Lintol

Effect of using heavy wall constructions.

Material

Brick
Concrete
block
hollow

Concrete

U Value
W/m2K
Conductivit
y

Time lag
(hours)

Decrement
factor

110mm

3.30

2.5

0.87

230mm

2.26

6.0

0.54

100mm
inside
plastered

2.50

2.5

0.89

200mm
inside
plastered

2.40

3.0

0.83

150mm
thick

3.50

4.0

0.70

200mm
thick

3.10

5.4

0.56

Properties of commonly used

Walling Materials

The amount of heat that penetrates into a building depends

largely on the nature of the walls & roof.
The thermal capacity of a material will depends on its
surface density (kg/m2) & the specific heat capacity of
material (J/kg/K).with higher thermal capacity the
temperature charge propagates at a slower rate.
This delay is called time lag O
The material with thermal capacity will give a reduced
amplitude of heat flow than the material with zero thermal
capacity. The ratio of the amplitude to that of thro zero
capacity wall is known as decrement factor (< 1)

Above table shows 220mm thick brick wall will

have a time lag of 6.1 hours & decrement factor
0.54

Some properties of commonly

roofing material

Material

U Value
W/m2K
Coductivity

Time lag
(hours)

Decrement
factor

150mm concrete Slab,

plastered 75mm
screed and asphalt

1.8

0.33

Corrugated fibrous
cement sheet

4.9

Corrugated fibrous
cement sheet with
plasterboard ceiling

2.58

0.3

Metal sheet tiles with

timber board ceiling

7.14

Tiles with timber

board ceiling

1.91

0.99

In hot humid climates with relatively long hours of intence solar

radiation the roof is one to the main surface of heat gain into a
body.
The heat transfer through the roof could be controlled by
using
suitable thermal insulation material.

Reflective insulation

Use of aluminium foil insulation can be strongly

recommended for cement fiber roofs constructed in
warm humid climates.

Resistive insulation,

Fibrous or poruos materials with rigid foam structure such as

polystyrene can be used to prevent heat transfer through
convection.

When aluminium foil is provided with a linging of

Polystyrene it should be possible to delay the heat transfer
since it act as an insulating material.

(1)FLOOR FINISHES FOR BUILDING

Domestic (Ex. Residential House)
Public (Ex. Hospital)
Industrial (Ex. Factory)

Relative cost (floor finishes)

Rendering Rs.
Glazed tiling
Terrazzo-Flooring
Vinyl Flooring Granite Flooring (according to the
Timber parquet -

20 /ft2
Rs. 125 175 /ft2
Rs. 90 - 100 /ft2
Rs. 80 150 /ft2
Rs. 400 900 /ft2
thickness)
Rs. 225 300 /ft2

Door/ widows

Door / Windows
Door Frame

Door Sash

Timber

Timber

Aluminium

Aluminium

Steel

PVC

Concrete

Fiber glass

PVC

Steel

Fiber glass

Zinc Alumn

Zinc Alumn

Glass

Timber
Special Class Jack, Mahogani, Pallu, ect,
Class I
Class II

S.T.C.
categories
according to
the demand

Imported Timber (Kempas, Red Balau, Yellow Balau)

Timber
Seasoned

Treated

or

or

Non-seasoned

Non-treated

Timber types
Timber
use
Reepers

Timber Superior quality Ordinary quality

type
Del, Dombakina,
Tawenna

Alubo, Dawul, Kurundu,

Batadomba, Diyapara,
Eucalyptus robusto,
saligna,keeniya, kumbuk,
Liyan, Pelen, Welang

Purlins, Rafters
Ridges, Hips

Boraliya, Del, Gurukina,

kina
Tawenna, Wanami

Alubo, Dorana, Eucalyptus

microcorys, E. Piluraus, E.
Robusta, E. Saligna, Godapara,
Hedewaka, Hora, Keeniya,
Kumbuk, liya, madan, Mihiriya,
Mora, Nadun, Panoka Pelan,
Welipenna.

Wall, Plates
Ceiling, Joists

As for rafters and Dun (hard

wood), Mendora, Mi,
Munamal, Namendora,
Pihimbiya, Uvamendara,
Yakanaludun.

As for rafters and Dambu,

Ketakela, Kiricon, Kos,

Design of timber framing in joists and

rafters is generally based on bending
stiffness, good nail holding quality and
resistance to warp.
Timber sections for structure use should
have following qualities
Free from defects

Slandered dimensions

Well seasoned

Naturally durable or treated well with

preservatives.
Seasoning

Seasoning means a slow and even drying of timber till

it reaches the equilibrium moisture content.
In Kiln seasoning all factors temperature, humidity and
air flow are under control.

Timber that might take six months to air

season may be Kiln seasonal in two weeks.
Advantage of seasoning
Increase strength.
Increase durability.
Resistance of the timber.
Timber become lighter.
Easier to work with saw and other tools.
Timber maintains its size better and is not
liable to split, twist or warp.

Timber Treatment

Durability
Durability of wood depends on situations
(a) The wood is exposed to weather or
sheltered from weather.
(b) The wood is in contact with
ground or not in contact with ground.
Durability also depends on the layer of
wood if Heartwood or Sapwood.

Case I
Heartwood / Sapwood
(easily distinguished )

Ex: Jack, Eucalypatus, Palu, Kempus

Case II - Sapwood

Usually has a light yellowish colour and is

less durable than Heartwood.

Ex: Pinus, Rubber,

(Heartwood / Sapwood not distinguishable.)
Heartwood
which has a brownish colour.

Use of Timber
The major risks involved in using timber
are,
Fungal decay
When moisture content is < 20 %
Attack on cellulose/lignin.

Insect attack (Beetles, Termite)

Not so dependant on the moisture.
Favored by lack of ventilation.

Decay due to weather/mechanical wear.

Risk can be eliminated or minimized by,

Keeping dry (moisture < 20%)
Good design / workmanship / maintenance

or
PRESERVATIVE TRETMENT

Preservatives For Timber

(a) Copper / Chromium / Arsenic (CCA) water borne

(b) Boron water borne

(c) Organic solvent (OS)

(d) Pentachlorophenol (PCP) in heavy oil.
(e) Creosote
(e)

(d)

Obtained by distillation by coal tar (phenols)

smell, colour, oily nature,
used for railway sleepers, transmission poles.

Obtained by coal tar distillation.

PCP is used for termite control
(c)
Zinc naphthenate Odour, Hence timber can be used after painting.
Resistance to
leaching.
Can be used in exterior / Interior

(b) mixture of Boron & boric acid

(1:5:1)

No smell/colour
No resistance to leaching. Hence protective coating
required.
Used for furniture, Ex. Pinus/Rubber

(a) no smell
Can be painted.
Resistance to leaching. used exterior &
interior.

Type of Treatment

Pressure (120 psi for 10-15 min )

Diffusion
Double vacuum
Immersion

In Sri Lanka
Ex: Company - Finlay Rentoki (cey) ltd.
they used CCA wood preservative
Vacuum pressure impregnation
(treatment)

(3) Checking preservative

treatment

On visual examination
Colour {CCA (dark green), Creosote
(brown) }

Qualative test
Depth of penetration

summery

Treated timber gives long lasting

protection against fungi, Insects
and termit. But adds little to the
cost of timber.

Cost of treatment (chemical and

seasoning)
Rs 125 /ft3 (Year 2004)

Plywood doors

Standard sizes available in the market.

2-3
2-9
3-6

x 6-9
x 6-9
x 6-9

Iron Mongery

Fittings for Doors & windows

All hinges, fasteners ( Stays, rings, barrel bolts)

And screws should be brass (or brass
oxidized),Aluminium, stainless Steel.
Dont use Iron
Ex:

Brass ( Rs. 100/= per pair)

Iron ( Rs. 50/= per pair)

QUALITY?

LIFE TIME ?

Aluminium framed door / Windows

Door/Window frame fabricated from aluminium extrusions

Mill finish ( without anodizing)
Minimum thickness of sections
Doors
1.6mm
Windows 1.35mm
Partitions 1.2mm

After of anodizing

Silver (natural) Anodize

Bronze anodize
Powder coating (Any colour)

NB: Before installation of aluminium frame all plastering & floor

finishing works to be completed. ( Otherwise template to be used)

Range of anodizing

12-15 micron Standered range used except in

coastal area.
15-18 micron
18-25 micron
25-80 micron
60-80 micron powder coated.

Architectural profiles

Shop fronts
Door
Windows
Curtain walls
Partions
Miscellaneous

Finishes

Mill finish
Mill finish is the untreated surface of the metal i.e. as
extruded. On exposure to the atmosphere the mill finish
extrusion acquires, as a natural process a hard and adherent
oxide film that protects the metal. The appearance, however,
changes with time, becoming duller depending on the
environment to which the metal is exposed .

Anodized finish
Here the surface aluminium is converted to aluminium oxide
by means of an electrolytic process where the extrusion is
made anode in an electrolytic cell. A chemically clean surface
is a basic requirement for successful anodisation and so prior
to the anodizing, the extrusion is subjected to surface
preparation Process.

The anodizing process substitutes the naturally formed oxide

film by a dense, chemically resistant artificial film which is
many times the thickness of the film that is produced
naturally. Due to this, subsequent exposure of the extrusion
to the atmosphere does not produce the change of
appearance that occurs with mill finish extrusion.
The anodic film is transparent and therefore, the original
surface appearance of the extrusion is retained after
anodizing. This is known as the Natural Anodizing finish.
Further treatment of the anodized extrusion in certain specific
chemical solutions produces the colour anodized finish.
Varying colours such as light grey and dark brown and black
colours can be produced by controlling the various
parameters of the colour anodizing process. Gold colour film
is produced by a separate chemical process.
The anodizing process increases the corrosion resistance of
the material, increases adhesion of paints, permits
subsequent plating processes and improves the decorative
appearance of the extrusion because of the lustrous anodic
film. In addition the anodic film provides electrical insulation,
permits application of photographic and lithographic
emulsions, increases emissive and abrasion resistance of the
extrusions.

Powder coating

High quality polyester powder is electrostatically

coated on the surface of an aluminium extrusion, and
then heat treated to from a hard, cured surface.
Prior to coating, the aluminium extrusions are
pretreated by degreasing, etching and chromating.
The usual coating thickness is around 80 microns.
Powder coated extrusions offer excellent weathering
and UV resistance and are recommended for use in
harsh environments.
However unlike anodizing and electrocolouring. This
process is an external application and extrusions
should be protected during the fabrication and
installation stage to prevent scraping and chipping off
the powder coated layer.

Finish

Surface coating Coating

thickness
(micron)

Recommended
applications

Mill finished

Not coated. As
extruded
condition.

General purpose applications

where aluminium white rust
formation is not a
consideration.

Natural
anodized

Protective
coating of
aluminium oxide
against
environmental
elements
Colour natural,
typical of
aluminium

Produced in
three grades
10-15 micron
15-20micron
20-25micron

Coating thick
Coating thickness to be decided
upon the severity of the
exposure to corrosive
elements. However the 10-15
micron grade is suitable for
majority of application in Sri
Lanka. The other higher micron
grades are suitable for
applications with exposure to
sea breeze excessive dust and
fumes.

Colour
anodized

Protective
coating of
aluminium oxide
against
environmental
Colour-Bronze

Produced in
three grades
10-15 micron
15-20micron
20-25micron

Coating thickness to be decided

upon the severity of the
exposure to corrosive
elements. However the 10-15
micron grade is suitable for
majority of application in Sri
Lanka. The other higher micron

Colour
coated

Polyester powder
60-80
coated highest
form of resistance
to environmental
elements wear
abrasion available
in a wide range of
eye catching RAL
BS colours and in
matt or gloss. The
powders used for
coating are lead Free

Decorative
coating suitable
for most internal
or external
applications
where a durable
and protective
colour coating is
required. Though
against corrosion,
ideal for places
with exposure to
sea breeze, rain,
dust, funes.
Suitable when
load free coating
are specified.

Relative cost (Door / window)

Timber window

Rs. 500 /ft2

Timber door

Rs. 450 500 /ft2

Aluminium Window

Rs. 350 750 /ft2 (if

Aluminium Door

(if

Curtain wall

powder coated price

increase by 20 %)

Rs. 250 1000 /ft2

powder coated price
increase by 20 %)

Rs. 600 1500 /ft2

(Year2004)

ROOF

Foundation and roof are the two most important parts of a building on which the stability
and durability of the building depends.
Factors which governs the type of roof and materials used are
Availability (accessibility) of material and technology

E.g.: if coconut trees available use coconut timber

Environment /climate of the place

Nuwaraeliya use metal roof

Function of building
Factory building (long span 30 60m) light weight roof such as
Zink Alulmn roofing sheet , steel columns.
Tradition and culture
Kandian roof (flat tile)
Mosque concrete masonry dome

TYPE OF ROOFS

Flat roof (RCC slab)

Pitched roof

Shell roof
Eg.Kaluthara temple /Kothmale mahaseya (under construction)

Domes
Thiwanka Buddha image House in Polonnaruwa brick dome

Type of material

Calicut clay tile

Flat tile (for temple)
Asbestos sheet

Metal

G.I. (Galvanized Iron)

Zinc Alumn Sheet /Zinc alumn tile different colors

Copper

(length in 6,8,10,width 3)

Ex. Parliament building

Cement tile

(colure corn Trade mark)

Timber tile
Polycarbonate - Different colure
Continuous length up to 25 m is available (width 755mm)
Widely used it Sri Lanka.

FLASHING

To avoid penetrating water in to the building.

Relative cost (roof)

Calicut Tile (with timber frame work)

/ft2

- Rs. 150

Asbestos Roof (with timber/steel )

/ft2
frame work)

- Rs. 100

Zinc-Alumn roof (with steel

frame work)

Rs. 150 /ft2

Ceiling

Asbestos ( 4-0 x 4-0)

Timber frame work
Timber (Lunumidella, Tunna)
Gypsum
Mineral Fiber
With Aluminium frame work
Zink alum
Asbestos free sheet
Timber/Aluminium
framework
WHY CELILING

FLAT

SLOPEING

In some building ceiling is required to cover the service lines (A/C

ducts, five protecting pipe lines, electricity, water, telephone ect.)

INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS

PRE- Engineered building (fabricated)

Roof

Roof angle 50 70
Frame work
Steel portal frame ( I sections)

Roof sheets:
Zinc-Alum (thickness 0.47mm)
Purlin:
Mild steel/Galvanized lipped channel
Heat insulation:
Glass wool/Aluminium foil

Wall

Zinc-Alum cladding (thickness 0.45mm)]

NB: special attention given to wind bracing

Wall finishes (painting)

External Wall
Plastering
Acrylic Filler (two coat)
Sand papering

Weather shield paint

(Two coat, Applying
by roller brush)
NB: (1) Dont use lime instead acrylic filler.
(2) for gabble walls it is better to apply elastrometric primer to
prevent moisture coming in to the brick wall.

Internal Wall
Plastering
Acrylic Filler/Putty
Sand papering

Emulsion paint (two coat)

Ceiling painting ( Asbestos)

Acrylic Filler

Emulsion paint

Wall finish

Bath rooms/Toilets

Normal glazed tiles used up to 5 ft high

In Hospitals
Operation theaters
Labour room
Full high
ICU
Wards
5 ft high
OPD

Flat concrete roof

Heat insulation
Glass wool / Polyethylene

Water proofing
Water proofing chemical. (Ex. Xypex or equalant)

Concrete C 25 or C30,
Chips (10mm)
Cement

Sand

1 : 2 : 2 : 2

Metal(20mm)

ESTIMATE FOR CONSTRUCTION OF PROPOSED TWO STORIED BUILDING FOR

SINHALA MAHA VIDYALAYA IN TRINCOMALEE

GRAND SUMMARY
Item

Description

Sub Total
Rs Cts

10,000.00

PRELIMINARIES

EARTH WORK

CONCRETOR

749,350.00

MASONRY WORKS

129,200.00

BLOCK WORKS

178,000.00

ROOFER

515,600.00

PLASTERER

199,550.00

DOORS & WINDOWS

244,300.00

38,225.00

PROPOSED CONSTRUCTION

BUILDINGS TO BE DEMOLISHED

EXISTING BUILDINGS
NURSE'S
QUARTERS
DOCTOR'S
QUARTERS
RAMP &
BRIDGE

07

06
05
WARD & DRUG STORES
( 3 STORIED)

MORTUARY
02

GENERATOR ROOM

OPD BUILDING
( 3 STORIED)

NEW CONSTRUCTION
01. OPD BUILDING

PARKING

04

02. WARD &DRUG STORES

03. MORTUARY

03

04. GENERATOR ROOM

05. RAMP & BRIDGE

Revision

06. DOCTOR'S QUARTERS

Client

07. NURSE'S QUARTERS

09

08. SHOPS

Date

Description

Approved

DEMOCRATIC SOCIALIST REPUBLIC OF SRI LANKA

MINISTRY HEALTH CARE AND NUTRITION

Project

OPD BUILDING
AT KANTALE (PHASE 1-STAGE 1)

SHOPS
( SINGLE STORIED)

Drawing Title

ENTRANCE

MASTER PLAN

E.P.C DIVISION
CENTRAL ENGINEERING CONSULTANCY BUREAU
DIGANA VILLAGE
DIGANA, RAJAWELLA

MASTER PLAN FOR

BASE HOSPITAL - KANTALE

Designed

Rajitha

Drawn

Sampath

Recommended

Approved

Scale

Date

Job Number

D705

1:100

Checked

March 2006

Drawing Number

D705 -CD-04

Revision

01 - BUILDING
02 - BUILDING
03 - WARD NO 1
04 - WARD NO 2
05 - GARAGE
06 - WARD NO 5
07 - WARD NO 3
08 - WARD NO 4
09 - KITCHEN
10 - BUDDHA STATUE
11 - CANTEEN
12 - OPD BUILDING
13 - GENERATOR ROOM
14 - DRUG STORES
15 - MORTUARY
16 - ICU BUILDING
17 - CHILDREN WARD
18 - THEATER COMPLEX
19 - DMO QUARTERS
20 - QUARTERS
21 - QUARTERS
22 - QUARTERS
23 - QUARTERS
24 - QUARTERS
25 - QUARTERS
26 - QUARTERS

EXISTING BUILDINGS

15

14

18

16

17
13

26

23
22

12
21
20

24

25

8
19
7

NEW BUILDINGS

10
6

11

BUILDINGS CAN BE SOUSED AFTER REPAIRING

BUILDING TO BE DEMOLISHED

ENTRANCE

MASTER PLAN FOR

BASE HOSPITAL KANTALE

PROPOSED CONSTRUCTION

PHASE - 1

COMPLETED BUILDING
BUILDING TO BE DEMOLISH
EXISTING BUILDINGS
NURSE'S
QUARTERS
DOCTOR'S
QUARTERS
RAMP &
BRIDGE

WARD & DRUG STORES

(3 STORIED)

MORTUARY
GENERATOR
ROOM

OPD BUILDING
(3 STORIED)

PARKING

NEW CONSTRUCTION
01 - OPD BUILDING
02 - WARD & DRUG STORES
03 - MORTUARY
04 - GENERATOR ROOM
05 - RAMP & BRIDGE
06 - DOCTOR'S QUARTERS
07 - NURSE'S QUARTERS
08 - SHOPS

ENTRANCE

SHOPS
(SINGLE STORIED)

ENTRANCE

MASTER PLAN FOR

BASE HOSPITAL KANTALE

PROPOSED CONSTRUCTION

PHASE - 11

COMPLETED BUILDING
BUILDING TO BE DEMOLISH
EXISTING BUILDINGS

PARAMEDICAL STAFF
QUARTERS

MINOR STAFF
QUARTERS

NEW CONSTRUCTION

WARD (3 STORIED)

01 - WARD
02 - WARD
03 - PARAMEDICAL STAFF QUARTERS
04 - MINOR STAFF QUARTERS

WARD (3 STORIED)
ENTRANCE

ENTRANCE

MASTER PLAN FOR

BASE HOSPITAL KANTALE

PROPOSED CONSTRUCTION

PHASE - 111

COMPLETED BUILDING
BUILDING TO BE DEMOLISH
EXISTING BUILDINGS

ENTRANCE

ENTRANCE

MASTER PLAN FOR

BASE HOSPITAL KANTALE

PROPOSED CONSTRUCTION

PHASE - 1V

COMPLETED BUILDING
BUILDING TO BE DEMOLISH
EXISTING BUILDINGS

ENTRANCE

ENTRANCE

MASTER PLAN FOR

BASE HOSPITAL KANTALE

Thank you