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    Swyer James MacLeod Syndrome

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    flori.b
    Swyer-James-MacLeod syndrome is a rare condition where one lung does not develop normally and is smaller than the other lung. It is typically diagnosed through chest imaging that shows unilateral hyperlucency of one lung. The imaging findings appear months to years after an initial infection during childhood that damages the lung development. Affected individuals may develop respiratory symptoms like infections, shortness of breath, or coughing up blood. The initial injury is believed to occur in the small airways after an infection in early childhood, which inhibits normal lung growth. Differential diagnoses include conditions with overinflated or underdeveloped lungs.

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    Swyer James MacLeod Syndrome

    Uploaded by

    flori.b
    294 views12 pages
    Swyer-James-MacLeod syndrome is a rare condition where one lung does not develop normally and is smaller than the other lung. It is typically diagnosed through chest imaging that shows unilateral hyperlucency of one lung. The imaging findings appear months to years after an initial infection during childhood that damages the lung development. Affected individuals may develop respiratory symptoms like infections, shortness of breath, or coughing up blood. The initial injury is believed to occur in the small airways after an infection in early childhood, which inhibits normal lung growth. Differential diagnoses include conditions with overinflated or underdeveloped lungs.

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    Mac Leod syndrome

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    Swyer-James-MacLeod syndrome is a rare condition where one lung does not develop normally and is smaller than the other lung. It is typically diagnosed through chest imaging that shows unilateral hyperlucency of one lung. The imaging findings appear months to years after an initial infection during childhood that damages the lung development. Affected individuals may develop respiratory symptoms like infections, shortness of breath, or coughing up blood. The initial injury is believed to occur in the small airways after an infection in early childhood, which inhibits normal lung growth. Differential diagnoses include conditions with overinflated or underdeveloped lungs.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    294 views12 pages

    Swyer James MacLeod Syndrome

    Uploaded by

    flori.b
    Swyer-James-MacLeod syndrome is a rare condition where one lung does not develop normally and is smaller than the other lung. It is typically diagnosed through chest imaging that shows unilateral hyperlucency of one lung. The imaging findings appear months to years after an initial infection during childhood that damages the lung development. Affected individuals may develop respiratory symptoms like infections, shortness of breath, or coughing up blood. The initial injury is believed to occur in the small airways after an infection in early childhood, which inhibits normal lung growth. Differential diagnoses include conditions with overinflated or underdeveloped lungs.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 12

    Swyer-James-MacLeod

    syndrome
    It isa rare condition in which the lung (or portion of the lung) does not grow normally and is
    slightly smaller than the opposite lung.
    It is typically diagnosed after a chest X-ray or CT scanwhich shows unilateralpulmonary
    hyperlucency (one lung appearing less dense) caused by overdistention of the alveoli in
    conjunction with diminished arterial flow.
    Radiographically, the imaging findings of SJS appear a few months to a few years after the
    causative infection.
    For patients with Swyer-James syndrome, chest CT scanning with thin collimation sections
    on inspiration and expiration is the preferred examination.
    In Swyer-James syndrome, the pulmonary vessels of the affected lung appear smaller than
    normal on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans.

    Changes occur months to years after causative infection

    Symptoms
    Individuals with Swyer-James syndrome may not have any
    symptoms, but affected individualscan have
    chronicorrecurringlung infections, shortness of breath (dyspnea)
    when performing an activity, coughing up of blood (hemoptysis),
    and even severe respiratory impairment.

    Cause

    Most experts agree that theinitial abnormality occurs in the distal bronchi (air tubes
    that bring air to and from the lungs)after an infection during early childhood.

    The smaller size of the affected lung may be due to the infection inhibiting the normal
    growth of the lung.

    A number of reports have described Swyer-James syndrome following childhood


    histories includingradiation therapy;measles;pertussis(whooping
    cough);tuberculosis; breathing in a foreign body;mycoplasma; and viral infections,
    especiallyadenovirus.

    Research has suggestedthat a hyper-immune reaction in the lung (producing an


    unusual abundance of antibodies) may play a role in sustaining airway damage after
    the initial infection.

    Some have argued a pre-existinglung abnormality may predispose individuals to the


    condition.

    Although bronchial damage of some kind during childhood is generally considered to

    Diferential diagnosis
    Possible imaging differential
    considerations include
    congenital lobar overinflation

    (!!! may be
    associated anaberrant left pulmonary arteryand also withcongenital
    heart defects: ventricular septal defect (VSD), patent ductus arteriosus
    (PDA), tetralogy of Fallot)

    Hypoplastic lung syndrome


    Bronchiolitis obliterans more diffuse
    than Swyer James

    Imaging

    Anteroposterior chest radiograph of a 12-month-old patient


    indicates diffuse pneumonia that is clearing on the right.

    Imaging

    Radiograph of the same infant shown in the previous image, now


    20 months of age. The pneumonia has cleared. The left lung is
    hyperlucent and is overexpanded. The right lung is small. The

    Imaging

    X-ray of a 4-month-old child shows pneumonia centrally


    throughout the right lung. Pneumonia was caused by a severe
    respiratory syncytial virus infection.

    Imaging

    Same child shown in the previous image, now 8 years of age. The
    patient was experiencing severe wheezing and episodes of
    hypoxemia. Note the small right lung and overexpansion of the

    Imaging

    A febrile, ill, 3-month-old infant with rales and rhonchi, which are
    more severe on the left than the right.

    Imaging

    The same patient shown in the previous image, now 12 years of


    age. Frontal radiograph shows the left lung to be somewhat small
    and hyperlucent. The organism that caused the original

    Imaging

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