Security Level:

GPON FTTx

Mar. 2016

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

www.huawei.com

From Narrowband, Broadband to Gigaband

25M

Redefine
Broadband

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300M

Redefine Ultrafast
Broadband

300M-1G
Gigaband world
is coming

Page 2

Access Technologies Evolution

Average BW per User

Gigabit Access
802.11ad

100M Access

5GBB

1G

5G

10M Access

GPON

100M
ADSL2+

10M
2M

ADSL

DOCSIS2.0

Time

GPRS

2000
Fiber (shared)

2003
WiFi (shared)

2008
Copper (dedicate)

2013
Cable (shared)

2018
Mobile (shared)

Any access media (Copper, Cable, Fiber, Wireless, etc) has its own
evolution way
New technologies (G.fast, DOCSIS3.1, NG PON, ) drive access from
100M to
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1G

Page 3

FTTC/B/D

FTTH /
ODN

D-CCAP

FTTO / W

Copper Good for 100 Years

Bandwidth
G.fast

2020

VDSL2

5GBB

ADSL2+

2.2

17

30

106

212

2015

f (MHz)

1876

100M

VDSL2 / Vectoring

24M

ADSL / ADSL2+

1985

1981

300M

SuperVector

2014
2002

1G

G.fast

2016

Alexander Graham Bell at the opening

of the long-distance line from New York
to Chicago in 1892.

5G

2M
128k

ISDN
Dial Modem

56k

Telephone
5km

Vectoring

Speed: 50M-100M
Distance: ~1000m
Typical FTTC/B
Mature

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4km

SuperVector

Speed: 100M-300M
Distance: ~1200m
Typical FTTC/B
~Year 2017

3km

1.2km

800m

G.fast

Speed: 500M-1G
Distance: ~200m
Typical FTTB/D
~Year 2015

Page 4

250m

50m

5GBB

Speed: 2G~5G
Frequency:~800MHz
Distance: ~50m
Typical FTTD
~ Year 2020

O&M

FTTC/B/D

FTTO / W

FTTH /
ODN

Copper Based Solutions: From DSLAM to FTTC/B/D

FTTC

DSLAM

FTTD

FTTB

Mode

DSLAM

FTTC

FTTB

FTTD

Bandwidth

2-50M

50M-100M

100M-500M

100M-1G

Capacity

~768 L

48-384 L

8-48 L

1-8 L

Distance

~3km

<1000m

~200m

<100m

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Page 5

D-CCAP

O&M

PON Evolution GPON->10GPON->40GPON

GPON
2.5G/1.25G

XG-PON
10G/2.5G

2007 commercial

2012 commercial

XGS-PON
10G/10G

40~80G TWDM
PON
4~8ch/10G for 1ch
standard
2016.H1
commercial:
~2018

100~200G TWDM
PON
4*25G or 8*25G
standard >2017

Standard 2016.Q1
Trial in 2016.5,
commercial in
2016.H2

EPON
1G/1G
2007 commercial

10G EPON
10G/10G or
10G/1G
2012 commercial

100M~1G/user
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NG-EPON
4*10G/25G/4*25G
standard >2017

10G+/user
Page 6

Objectives
Upon completion of this course, you will be able
to:
GPON Principles and Key GPON Techniques
GPON Basic Configuration
GPON Q&A

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Page
7

Page 7

Contents
Chapter 1 GPON Concepts
To know GPON concepts and GPON advantages compare
to copper
Chapter 2 GPON Service Configure and Key Techniques
Chapter 3 GPON ONT Management

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Page
Page
8

GPON Advantage : Bandwidth

Access Technologies Evolution

3M

<1Mbps
Technica
l

Distance
Busines
s

8M

100M

25M

ADSL/ADSL2+

VDSL / ADSL2+

PON

Copper Based

Copper Based

Fiber Based

<3km

<2km

Conferance

2002

~5km

<1km

RealTime TV
VoD
HDTV

VoD
IPTV
Video meeting
Game

Internet

2003

2006

Solve the data limitation for copper, meet the requirement for HDTV/RealTime TV
GPON can reach 2.5Gbps downstream /1.25Gbps upstream

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BandWidth

Page 9

2010->

GPON Advantage : Longer transmission distance/little

attenuation

The transmission media of optical fibers covers up to 60 km coverage radius on the access layer
Upstream 1490nm, Downstream 1310nm; the attenuation 0.2~0.5dbm/Km

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Page 10

GPON Advantage : Low-cost network

Savings of at least half of the fiber optic backbone
Compared to P2P, saving nearly half of the optical module

P2P
network

Multipoint active
network

GPON
network
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Page 11

GPON Advantage : Low maintenance costs

ODN Optical Distribution Network

Passive Network save maintenance costs
Feature reduces the power consumption
OAM management system reduces management difficulies
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Page 12

GPON Network
Central Office
CO DSL
FTTC

FTTO

FTTB

@H

@Office

Small Cell

FTTH

om e

FTTH+

FTTDp

ove
M
@

FTTM
WiFi

HetAN: Heterogeneous access network

HetAN:

Heterogeneous Access Network

Challenges

Synergic service scenarios

Network Construction on demand

- @Home/ @Move/ @Office

- Synergy between different modes

Synergic construction modes

Diversified types of devices

- FTTP/ FTTDp/ FTTB/ FTTC

- Fast integrate, deploy and manage

Synergic access mediums

Serving VIP customers

- Fiber/Twisted pairs/Coax/Wireless
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- Differentiated SLA
Page 13

GPON Concept
Passive Optical Network
Passive Optical Splitter

Optical Line Terminal

ONU

ONU

Internet

OLT
CATV

ONU

Passive
Optical
Splitter

Optical Network Unit

GPON: gigabit-capable passive optical network

PON is a point to multi-point (P2MP) passive optical network
PON Include OLT(Optical Line Terminal ), ONU Optical Network Unit ) and splitter

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Page 14

GPON Basic Parameter

Maximum split ratio 1:128

Maximum logical reach:60km

Maximum differential between farthest and nearest ONU from the OLT: 40km

Upstream 1.24416Gbit/s downstream 2.48832Gbit/s, Frame length 125us

Logical reach : 60 km
Logical split ratio: 128

UNI

SNI
ONU

OLT
ONU
Maximum differential
between
distance the farthest and the nearest
ONU from the OLT: 20km
s

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Ranging based on
synchronous framing
8 kHz clock transport
or recovery
Survivability using
PST bytes
Security based on
encryption

Page 15

GPON ITU Document

ITU-T G.984.2

ITU-T G.984.1

Physical Media Dependent (PMD) Layer Specification. This protocol

mainly describes the PMD layer parameters, including physical
parameters (such as the transmit optical power, receiver sensitivity,
and overload optical power) of optical transceivers, and also defines
optical budget of different levels, for example, the most common Class
B+.

General Characteristics. This protocol mainly

describes the basic features and major protection
modes of GPON.

Simple development process

Powerful compatibility

ITU-T G-984.1/2/3/4
ITU-T G.984.3
Transmission Convergence Layer Specification. This
protocol mainly describes the TC layer specifications,
including the upstream and downstream frame structures
and GPON principle.

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ITU-T G.984.4
ONT Management And Control Interface Specification. This protocol
mainly describes the GPON management and maintenance protocols,
such as OAM, PLOAM, and OMCI.

Page 16

GPON Downstream Frame Encapsulate

Downstream Framing
125us
Physical Control Block
Downstream (PCBd)

Payload

Upstream
Bandwidth Map

ONT1

AllocID

Start

End

AllocID

Start

End

100

200

300

500

OLT
T-CONT1
(ONT 1)

T-CONT 2
(ONT 2)

Slot

Slot

Slot

Slot

100

200

300

500
ONT64

PLOu PLOAMu PLSu DBRu Payload x DBRu Y Payload y

Upstream Framing

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Page 17

GPON Upstream Frame Encapsulate

Upstream Framing
PLI

Port ID PTI

GEM
header

Frame
fragment

DBA Report

HEC

GEM
header

Full
frame

GEM
header

Frame
fragment

Pad if needed

PLOu PLOAMu PLSu DBRu x Payload x DBRu y Payload y

PLOu DBRu z Payload z

ONT A

ONT B
DBA
1,2,4bytes

Preamble Delimiter
BIP
ONU-ID Ind
ONU ID
A bytes B bytes 1 bytes 1 bytes 1 bytes

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Msg ID
1 bytes

Message
10 bytes

CRC
1 bytes

Page 18

CRC
1 bytes

Ethernet Packet to GEM Frame

Ethernet Packet

GEM Frame
PLI

Inter packet gap

20bytes
Preamble
SFD

Port ID

5 bytes

PTI
CRC

DA
SA
Length\Type

GEM
Payload

MAC client data

FEC
EOF

The GPON system parses Ethernet frames and maps data into GEM payloads for transmission
Header information is automatically encapsulated into GEM frames
The mapping format is clear and has good compatibility

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Page 19

Contents
Chapter 1 GPON Concepts
To know GPON concepts and GPON advantages compare
to copper
Chapter 2 GPON Service Configure and Key Techniques
Chapter 3 GPON ONT Management

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES
CO., LTD.

Page
Page
20

20

Series OLT Overview

MA5600T

High-Capacity OLT
10U height

GPON
10GPON

GE/10GE uplink/cascading
P2P
21 inch frame, 300mm slim design
DSL/Voice
2 *SCU slots, 16*Service slots, 2*GIU slots

MA5603T

Medium-Capacity OLT
6U height
GPON/GE/10GE uplink/cascading
19 inch frame, 300mm slim design
2*SCU slot, 6*Service slots, 2*GIU slots

MA5608T

GPON
10GPON
P2P
DSL/Voice

Small-Capacity OLT
2U height, 300mm slim design
2*GE / 2*10GE uplink on control board
2*Service slots, 2 main control card

GPON

2 * AC/DC supply

DSL/Voice

10GPON
P2P

All OLT series products support share same

service boards, software and NMS system
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Page 21

OLT_MA5600T Frame mapping

P
R
T
G
P
R
T
G
C
I
T
A

G
P
B
H

G
P
B
H

G
P
B
H

G
P
B
H

G
P
B
D

G
P
B
D

G
P
B
D

G
P
B
H

S
C
U
N

S
C
U
N

G
P
B
H

G
P
B
H

G
P
B
D

G
P
B
H

G
P
B
H

G
P
B
H

G
P
B
D

G
I
U
G
P
B
D
G
I
U

Service-port

OLT Side

B
A GIU uplink
C
K
P
L SCU LSW Control
A
N
E

GPON TMGMAC line

card

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GPON
2.5Gbit/s downstream
1.25Gbit/s upstream

ONT Side
GMAC+LSW

userside

Page
Page
22

22

GPON Downstream communication principle

125us

12 1 3

ONU

12 1 3

OLT

ONU

G.984.3
Header

3
1
12

FCS

Payload

12

ONU

USER1

2
USER2

3
USER3

Broadcasts the same data to all ONUs and all the ONUS can receiv
e the same data, How to identify ?

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Page 23

GempotID
GempotID: Differentiates ONU data by GEM port ID
According to the protocol, 4096 gemport ID per gpon port, all the gemport ID in one
GPON port should be unique;
GemportID is configured in the GPON Line-profile;

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Page 24

GPON Upstream Fra

me
H

1
H

ONU

OLT

Header

Payload

USER1

ONU
G.984.3 Frame

USER2

ONU

USER3

In the upstream direction, each ONU can send data to the OLT only in the timeslot perm
itted and allocated by the OLT. This ensures that each ONU sends data in a given seque
nce, avoiding upstream data conflicts

Supports time division multiple access (TDMA) and Transits data on an exclusive timeslo
t.

Detects and prevents collisions through ranging.

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Page 25

GPON Upstream Frame Overview

Ethernet Packet
Inter packet gap

GEM Frame
PLI
Port ID

Preamble
SFD

5 bytes

PTI
CRC

DA
SA
Length\Type

GEM
Payload

MAC client data

FEC
EOF

The GPON system parses Ethernet frames and maps data into GEM payloads for transmission
Header information is automatically encapsulated into GEM frames
The mapping format is clear and has good compatibility
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Page 26

ONE ONU Support Multi Gem

port

Each GEM port can carry one or more types of service stream
Gemport Mapping: gem mapping 0 1 vlan 100

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Page
27Page

27

MA5600T-ONT GPON System Architecture

VoIP
Processor

POTS

ONT
GEM-Port

C-VLAN Service
Mappin
g

STB

Other Line Card

GMA
C

Main Control Card

S-VLAN

GPON Line Card

GEM-Port

PC
ODN
POTS

VoIP
Processor
C-VLAN Service
Mappin
g

STB

ONT

GMA
C

Service
Mappin
g

400G

10GE

10GE

Switch
Fabric

GEM-Port

GMAC

Other Line Card

PC

MA5600T

Protocol

PPPoE/IPoE
C VLAN
MAC

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PPPoE/IPoE
C VLAN
MAC
GEM

PPPoE/IPoE
S VLAN
MAC

Page
28Page

28

PPPoE/IPoE
S VLAN
MAC

GPON Upstream Fra

me

the OLT control the timeslot and sequence of data delivery, How to
make sure all the Upstream Frame is not conflict?

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Page
29Page

29

GPON Downstream Frame

OLT controls the time for each ONU to send data upstream

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Page 30

GPON key Techniques Ran

ging
1: Collisions may occur when ONU sends data in TDMA
mode (in this mode, only one of the ONUs connecting to a
PON port sends data at a moment), as shown in Figure 1.
The OLT must precisely measure the distances between
itself and each ONU

OLT
ONU1
ONU2
ONU3

2: Ranging process is as follows:

2.1 The OLT starts ranging for an ONU when the ONU registers
with the OLT for the first time and obtains the round trip delay
(RTD) of the ONU. Based on the RTD, the OLT calculates the
physical reach of this ONU.
2.2 The OLT specifies a proper equalization delay (EqD) for the
ONU based on the physical reach.
3: ONUs locate at the same logic reach and they send data at
specified timeslots, thereby preventing upstream cell
conflict.

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Page
31Page

31

GPON key Techniques - DBA

A mechanism for upstream GPON traffic management, defines the DBA protocol
for managing upstream PON traffic(Dynamically Bandwidth Assignment)
OLT

DBA report

ONU

DBA algorithm
logic

Control
platfor
m

BW Map

Data
platfor
m

T-CONT

T-CONT

Time
slot
Schedul
er

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T-CONT
Page 32

GPON key Techniques - DBA

The embedded DBA module of an OLT continuously collects DBA reports, performs
calculation, and uses the BWMap field in the downstream frame to notify the ONU of the
DBA calculation result.
According to the BWMap information, the ONUs send data upstream in the timeslots
allocated to them, and occupy the upstream bandwidth. Therefore, each ONU dynamically
adjusts its upstream bandwidth according to its actually transmitted data traffic,
improving upstream bandwidth usage.
( )

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Page 33

BandWidth Type
BandWidth Type

priority

Bandwidth

Priority

Description

Allocation

Fixed
bandwidth

Priority 1

Used for delay sensitive traffic,

Bandwidth reserved first, including

slot location to minimize delay and
delay variation.

Assured
bandwidth

Priority 2

Reserved second using the

remaining bandwidth. Can
experience delays or delay
variations greater than those of
Fixed bandwidth.

Bandwidth reserved second.

Instantaneous bandwidth can vary,
average bandwidth over a specified
time period only.

Non-Assured
bandwidth

Priority 3

Only allocated bandwidth if

available following servicing of
Fixed and Assured bandwidth
traffic.

Allocated equally across all T-CONTs

with Assured bandwidth which are
requesting additional bandwidth up to
their Maximum bandwidth setting.

Best Effort
bandwidth

Priority 4

Bandwidth only allocated once all

other bandwidths have been
serviced.

No guaranteed bandwidth. Remaining

bandwidth equally distributed
amongst requesters up to their
Maximum bandwidth setting.

(Highest)

LOW

Best-Effort Bandwidth

Additional
Bandwidth
Non-Assured Bandwidth

Assured Bandwidth

Guaranteed
Bandwidth

Fixed Bandwidth

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High

(Lowest)

Page 34

DBA BandWidth Allocation

Step1 for Fixed DBA

Stpe 3 for Non-assureDBA

Stpe 2 for Assured DBA

Stpe 4 for Best-Effort DBA

Best-Effort

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for ONT
Assured DBA are configured on
demand

Assured
Fixed
for ONT

After Fixed and Assured DBA.

Configure the Non-Assure DBA

Page 35

Total Bandwidth

Fixed is configured by static

Fixed

Total Bandwidth

For ONT

Total Bandwidth

Total Bandwidth

Fixed

Assured

Non-Assured

Non-Assured
Assured
Fixed
for ONT

Last Step configure the BestEffort DBA

DBA Case
Upstream 1.25G

ONU DBA type

TX

RX

ONUA

Type1:Fix 300M

ONUA=600M

300

ONUB

Type1:Fix300M

ONUB=600M

300

ONUC

Type2:Assure250M

ONUC=600M

250

ONUD

Type2:Assure250M

ONUD=600M

250

ONUE

Type3:Assure100M Max500
M

ONUE=600M

150

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0M

0M

0
400
150

Page 36

GPON Multiplexing Architecture

O
N
U

T-CONT

T-CONT

OLT

GemPort
GemPort
GemPort

ONT
GEM Port

GEM Port

T-CONT

GemPort
GemPort

T-CONT

IFpon

O
N
U

T-CONT

O
N
U

T-CONT

ONU-ID identifies
ONUs

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GemPort
GemPort

GemPort

Alloc-IDs identifies TCONTs

Port-ID identifies
GEM ports

GEM Port: the minimum unit for carrying services.

T-CONT: Transmission Containers is a kind of Buffer that carries
services. It is mainly used to transmit upstream data units. T-CONT is
introduced to realize the dynamic bandwidth assignment of the
upstream bandwidth, so as to enhance the utilization of the line.
IF pon: GPON interface.
Base on the mapping scheme, service traffic is carried to different
GEM ports and then to different T-CONTs. The mapping between the
GEM port and the T-CONT is flexible. A GEM Port can correspond to a
T-CONT; or multiple GEM Ports can correspond to the same T-CONT.
A GPON interface of an ONU contains one or multiple T-CONTs.

Page 37

Alarm---XPON Alarm
ONT Frame Loss(LOFi)
GPON ONT Power-off(DGi)
GPON ONT Configure failed
Rouge ONT
Loss of the signal for ONT (LOSi)
Loss of the signal for PON port LOS
ONT ETH-Port from up to down
ETH

ONT

ONT ETH-Port from Dgi and Configure failed

up to down

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GPON

ETH

ONT

GPON

(LOSi)
(LOFi)

Page 38

LOS
Rouge NT

OLT
OLT

GPON Networking Protection

GPON Type B Protection
GPON type B protection allows dual-channel redundancy protection for OLT PON ports and
backbone fibers on a GPON network. This feature improves ODN network reliability and ensures
service continuity.
GPON Type C Protection
The GPON type C protection switching is implemented through the redundancy configuration of
the two PON ports on the ONU, backbone optical fiber, optical splitter, and tributary optical fiber on
a GPON network. Each item is in a dual configuration. The protection improves the reliability on
the optical distribution network (ODN) and prevents service interruption.

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Page 39