R16 0 DTN DTNX Flex Theory of Operations 23 May 2016

Welcome to Infinera
DTN/DTN-X Theory of Operations

Release 16.0
2015 Infinera Corporation Confidential & Proprietary
Infinera Training Statement

A supportive environment, where
everyone can learn, can be achieved by
being respectful, welcoming all questions
and ensuring that everyone has an equal
opportunity to learn to their maximum
potential.
Ground Rules
Mobile Phones
Breaks
Health & Safety
Questions
Inclusiveness:
Respect differences of opinion
Allow others to speak
Your active participation is required
Course Learning Objectives

Upon successful completion of all of the modules contained in this course, the student
should be able to describe:
Optical Transport Networking Fundamentals
Optical Channel Payload Unit (OPU)
Optical Channel Data Unit (ODU)
Optical Channel Transport Unit (OTU)
OTN Hierarchy ODU0, ODU1, ODU2, ODU3, ODU4)
Photonic Integrated Chip (PIC) functions and benefits

DTN/DTN-X Node Configurations
DTN/DTN-X Signal Flow
Switching, Line coding (BPSK, QPSK), SD-FEC
OTxM Configurations
AOFx-100 Channel Plans and Muxing plans
Packet Switching Module (PXM)
FlexILS
Management
OSC, ALS, Protection schemes, licensing
Optical Transporting
Networking Fundamentals
OPU, ODU, OTU
Optical Transport Networking (OTN)

G709
Transport
Multiplexing
Switching
Survivability
Management and Supervision

OPU
OH
SDH
OPU
OH
SONET
OP
U
OH
Ethernet

OPU
OH
SDH
OPU
OH
SONET
OP
U
OH
Ethernet
OPU

ODU
Manageme
nt
Overhead
OPU
ODU

ODU
Manageme
nt
Overhead
OPU
Digital Transport Layer Performance Monitoring
ODU
OH
OP
U
OH
SDH
Tx TTI Circuit 101 WtoE
DTN-X
Netwo
rk
DTN-X
Netwo
rk
DTN-X
Netwo
rk
ODU
OH
OP
U
OH
SDH
Rx TTI Circuit 101 WtoE
Progress Check
The client signal is first wrapped into an OPU and then into an
ODU. What is the purpose of the ODU?
a) The ODU enables end to end performance management and

communication
b) The ODU normalizes a range of client rates so that the same

bandwidth is used regardless of the client signal technology
c) The ODU enables end to end Forward error Correction

d) The ODU adapts between 10Gbps and 100Gbps client
signals
Span
Transmission Equipment
Fiber Type
Fiber Quality

ODU
FEC
FEC

ODU
FEC
FEC

ODU
OTU
FEC
OTU
OD
U
OP
U
SD
H
OTU
OD
U
OP
U
SD
H
OTU OTU
OD
U
OP
U
SD
H
OTU
OD
U
OP
U
SD
H
OD
U
OP
U
SD
H
OP
U
SD
H
SD
H
OTU
OTU
OD
U
OTN Naming Conventions

OTN
Name
Contain Rate
s
Payload
ODU0
OPU0
1.25Gb
ps
1GbE
ODU1
OPU1
2.5Gbps STM16 or OC48
ODU2
OPU2
10Gbps
STM64 or OC192 or
10GbE
ODU3
OPU3
40Gps
OTU2 ODU4
STM256 or OC768 or
40GbE
OPU4
OTU4
100Gbp
100GbE
s
ODU
2
OP
U2
ST
M6
4
ODU4
OPU4
100GbE
OTU2
ODU
2
OP
U2
ST
M6
4
OTN
Name
Contain Rate
s
Payload
ODU0
OPU0
1.25Gb
ps
1GbE
ODU1
OPU1
ODU2
OPU2
10Gbps
STM64 or OC192 or
10GbE
ODU3
OPU3
40Gps
STM256 or OC768
ODU4
OPU4
100Gbp
100GbE
OTU4
s
O
D
U
0
O
D
U
0
OD
U1
ODU2
ODU3
OTU2
ODU
2
OP
U2
ST
M6
4
OTN
Name
Contain Rate
s
Payload
ODU0
OPU0
1.25Gb
ps
1GbE
ODU1
OPU1
ODU2
OPU2
10Gbps
STM64 or OC192 or
10GbE
ODU3
OPU3
40Gps
STM256 or OC768
ODU4
OPU4
100Gbp
100GbE
OTU4
s
ODU
2
OP
U2
ST
M6
4
ODU
2
OP
U2
ST
M6
4
ODU
2
OP
U2
ST
M6
4
ODU
2
OP
U2
ST
M6
4
Experienced with DTN?

DTN
DTF (2.5G)
DTN-X
ODU0 (1.25G)
ODU1 (2.5G)
DTN-X switching granularity

DTN switching granularity of
30 2015 Infinera Corporation Confidential & Proprietary
1.25G
2.5G
Progress Check
What is the bandwidth of the following:
a) ODU4 ?
b) ODU2 ?
c) ODU3 ?
d) ODU0 ?
e) ODU1 ?
Photonic Integrated Chip (PIC)

Features and benefits
The Service Provider Challenge

The Drivers
Video
Mobility
Cloud
33
2015
Traffic Demand
Cost
Revenue
The Impact
Receive
Transmit
Unwieldy DWDM Architecture
DTN-X PIC Functionality

PIC Transmits/Receives 10 Optical Channels
Muxed/Demuxed into Optical Carrier Group (OCG)
Optical / Electrical
Conversion
Conversion
Conversion
Conversion
Conversion
Conversion
Conversion
Conversion
Conversion
Conversion
PICs Enable Digital Switching

100 Gb/s Transmit
Photonic
Integrati
on
Enable
Enable cost-effective
cost-effective OEO
OEO
WDM
WDM system
system on
on aa chip:
chip:
100Gb/s
100Gb/s to
to 1Tb/s
1Tb/s and
and
more
more
Affordable
Affordable OEO
OEO enables
enables
100 Gb/s Receive
integrated
integrated digital
digital
switching
switching
O / E /O cleans signal in a Regenerator

O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
4R:
Re-Shaping, Re-Timing, Re-FEC, ReAmplification
Removes Noise
Removes Chromatic Dispersion
Optimized Bandwidth Management

Comparing Infinera to All-Optical solution
OCG
Optical Express
Digital
Bandwidth
Management
DTC
400G switching
DTF
TRX
TRX
TRX
XTC-10
5T switching
ODU0
Wavelength level optical

management
Local add/drop
Any service 155M - 100G
All-optical Solution
Infinera
Optical Express for cost-effective
trunks
PIC based Digital Bandwidth
Management and add/drop
Wavelength level optical

management only
Needs additional bandwidth
managers for sub-lambda traffic
Other Benefits of O E O
Troubleshooting:
Digital PM (e.g. Errored Seconds)

Loopbacks
Trail Trace Identifier
Insert Pseudo Random Bit Sequence (PRBS)
Optical Electrical Conversion enables switch-ability

/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
O
O // EE
O
O // EE
O
O // EE
O
O // EE
O
O // EE
O
O // EE
O
O // EE
O
O // EE
O
O // EE
O
O // EE
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
Instantly Reconfigurable / Bandwidth Virtualization
Vs.
A Better Approach to DWDM

The Digital Optical Network
PIC-based
DWDM
Digital
Switching
Software
Intelligenc
e
Lower space and power

Higher reliability
Service-ready bandwidth
Service flexibility
Integrated WDM +
switching
Digital protection &
restoration
Rapid provisioning
Operations simplicity
Enhanced features
Progress Check
Which two answers best identify the benefits of a PIC
a) Low Cost Scalability combined with Flexible service

delivery
b) High Cost Scalability combined with Radio

Transmission
c) Utilizes discrete components and architecture of

legacy DWDM solutions
d) Enables full O-E-O conversion

DTN Node Configurations
Objectives
To describe the functions of:
Terminal Nodes
Regeneration Nodes
ROADM Nodes
Optical Express Nodes
To describe the basic DTN anatomy

To describe the Digital Bandwidth
Management functions
2015 Infinera Corporation
DTN Terminal Mode

DWDM Line Side
.
Up to 160 x 10Gbps Channels / 16 x

OCGs = 1.6Tbps
Single fiber pair
Multi-Service Client
Interfaces
ODU1
Switching
SAN
(Fibre Channel)
Ethernet
(1GbE, 10GbE, 40GbE, 100GbE)
SONET/SDH
(155Mb/s 40Gb/s)
OTN
(OTU1, OTU2)
Client signal
adaptation
Ethernet
SONET
SDH
OTN
Fiber Channel
DTN Regeneration Mode

DWDM Line Side
Single fiber pair

Up to 160 x 10Gbps Channels / 16
x OCG = 1.6Tbps
Single fiber pair on either side
No Client Interfaces
Regeneration of signal
Removes Noise
DTN ROADM (Reconfigurable Optical

Add/Drop Mux)
DWDM Line Side

.
Up to 160 x 10Gbps
Channels / 16 OCGs =
1.6Tbps
Single fiber pair
Interfaces
ODU1
Switching
SAN
(Fibre Channel)
Ethernet
(1GbE, 10GbE, 40GbE, 100GbE)
SONET/SDH
(155Mb/s 40Gb/s)
OTN
(OTU1, OTU2)
Client signal
adaptation
Ethernet
SONET
SDH
OTN
Fiber Channel
DTN Optical Express

DWDM Line Side
.
Up to 160 x 10Gbps Channels / 16

OCGs = 1.6Tbps
Single fiber pair
Interfaces
ODU1
Switching
SAN
(Fibre Channel)
Ethernet
(1GbE, 10GbE, 40GbE, 100GbE
SONET/SDH
(155Mb/s 40Gb/s)
OTN
(OTU1, OTU2)
Client signal
adaptation
Ethernet
SONET
SDH
OTN
Fiber Channel
Low Latency
High Value Service
Amplified Only / No Regeneration
DTN-X Node
Configurations
DTN-X Terminal Mode

DWDM Line Side
.
Up to 16 x OCGs
Max 8 Tbps capacity
Single fiber pair
Interfaces
Ethernet
(10GbE LAN, WAN, 100GbE)
SONET/SDH
(OC-192, STM64)
OTN
(OTU2)
Client signal
adaptation
ODU1
Switching
Ethernet
SONET
SDH
OTN
DTN-X Regeneration Mode

DWDM Line Side
Up to 16 x OCGs
Max 8 Tbps capacity
Single fiber pair
.
No Client Interfaces
Regeneration of signal
Removes Noise
DTN-X - Reconfigurable Optical Add/Drop Mux

(ROADM)
DWDM Line Side

.
Up to 16 x OCGs
Max 8 Tbps capacity
Single fiber pair
Interfaces
Ethernet
SONET/SDH
(OC-192, STM64)
OTN
(OTU2)
Client signal
adaptation
ODU1
Switching
Ethernet
SONET
SDH
OTN
DTN-X Optical Express

DWDM Line Side
.
Up to 16 x OCGs
Max 8 Tbps capacity
Single fiber pair
Interfaces
Ethernet
SONET/SDH
(OC-192, STM64)
OTN
(OTU2)
Client signal
adaptation
ODU1
Switching
Ethernet
SONET
SDH
OTN
Low Latency
High Value Service
Amplified Only / No Regeneration
Progress Check
What is the current maximum line rate using a
DTN-X?
a) 1.6Tbps
b) 1.6Gbps
c) 8Tbps
d) 80Gbps
Progress Check
What OTN functionality is performed by the Tributary
Interface Module (TIM) in the client to line side direction?
a) Stripping the OPU from the ODU and then the client signal
from the OPU
b) Wrapping client signals into OPU and then ODU structure

c) Performing Client side electrical to Line side optical
conversion
d) Performing Client side optical to Line side electrical

conversion
DTN Signal Flow
DTN System Data Plane Signal Flow

Tributary Adapter Modules
(TAM)
Trib
Side
Optical
Transceiver
Optical
Transceiver
Serdes/
PM
Serdes/
PM
Band Mux
Module
(BMM)
Line Module
Crosspoint
Mux
Map/
FEC
Wes
t
OSC
PIC
DCM
Client
signal
(opt)
Client
signal
(dig)
Internal 2.5G format
Digital OCh
channel
OCG
OTS
Tributary Optical Module TOM

Receive The incoming native client signal is converted from optical to electrical (digital).
Transmit - The outgoing native client signal is converted from electrical (digital) to optical.
Both digital and optical performance monitoring statistics are collected.
DTN System Data Plane Signal Flow (cont)

(TAM)
Trib
Side
Optical
Transceiver
Optical
Transceiver
Serdes/
PM
Serdes/
PM
Band Mux
Module
(BMM)
Line Module
Crosspoint
Mux
Map/
FEC
Wes
t
OSC
PIC
DCM
Client
signal
(opt)
Client
signal
(dig)
Digital OCh
channel
OCG
OTS
butary Adapter Module TAM

ncoming: The signal from the TOM is wrapped in the Trib DTF and performance data is collected.
utgoing: The signals performance data is collected and the Trib DTF is stripped off the native client sign
d then it is sent to the TOM .
DTN System Data Plane Architecture (cont)

(TAM)
Trib
Side
Optical
Transceiver
Optical
Transceiver
Serdes/
PM
Serdes/
PM
Band Mux
Module
(BMM)
Line Module
Crosspoint
Mux
Map/
FEC
PIC
Wes
t
OSC
DCM
TEM
Trib
Side
Optical
Transceiver
Optical
Transceiver
Serdes/
PM
Serdes/
PM
spoint
m the TAM, in the transmit direction, the Local Route Internal DTF (iDTF) will pass through the
spoint to the Mapper.
m the Mapper, in the receive direction, the Local Route iDTF will pass through the Crosspoint to the TAM
DTF to or from an another Line Module will be routed across the backplane via the Crosspoints to the
propriate outbound Line Module.

(TAM)
Trib
Side
Optical
Transceiver
Optical
Transceiver
Serdes/
PM
Serdes/
PM
Band Mux
Module
(BMM)
Line Module
Crosspoint
Mux
Map/
FEC
PIC
Wes
t
OSC
DCM
Client
signal
(opt)
Client
signal
(dig)
Digital OCh
channel
OCG
OTS
Module Mapper
the transmit direction the Mapper assembles the Line DTF then codes in the Forward Error Correction (F
orithm creating the Digital Channel. The Digital Channel is then forwarded to the PIC.
the receive direction the Mapper receives the Digital Channel from the PIC, decodes, applies, and remo
e FEC, then sends the Line DTF to the Crosspoint.
gital Channel, FEC, and Line DTF performance monitoring statistics are collected.

(TAM)
Trib
Side
Optical
Transceiver
Optical
Transceiver
Serdes/
PM
Serdes/
PM
Band Mux
Module
(BMM)
Line Module
Crosspoint
Mux
Map/
FEC
Wes
t
OSC
PIC
DCM
Client
signal
(opt)
Client
signal
(dig)
Digital OCh
channel
OCG
OTS
e Module Transmit
he PIC converts the Digital Channel sent from the Mapper from electrical (digital) to a ITU DWDM
tical wavelength channel. The ten 10G wavelength channels are multiplexed onto a common optical p
a 100G Optical Carrier Group (OCG).
oth digital and optical channel performance monitoring statistics are collected.

(TAM)
Trib
Side
Optical
Transceiver
Optical
Transceiver
Serdes/
PM
Serdes/
PM
Band Mux
Module
(BMM)
Line Module
Crosspoint
Mux
Map/
FEC
Wes
t
OSC
PIC
DCM
Client
signal
(opt)
Client
signal
(dig)
Digital OCh
channel
OCG
OTS
ne Module Receive
The PIC demultiplexes (separates) the 100G OCG into ten ITU wavelength Optical Channels (OCh). Eac
OCh is applied to (strikes) the appropriate receive diode that converts the OCh to a Digital Channel.
Both digital and optical performance monitoring statistics are collected.

(TAM)
Trib
Side
Optical
Transceiver
Optical
Transceiver
Serdes/
PM
Serdes/
PM
Band Mux
Module
(BMM)
Line Module
Crosspoint
Mux
Map/
FEC
Wes
t
OSC
PIC
DCM
Client
signal
(opt)
Client
signal
(dig)
Digital OCh
channel
OCG
OTS
and Multiplexer Module BMM Transmit

The BMM combines the OCGs onto a common optical path creating the C Band signal.
The C Band signal is amplified by the transmit Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifier (EDFA).
The Optical Supervisory Channel (OSC) is coupled on to the C Band signal creating the Optical Transpo
Signal (OTS) and sent to the Line Out port.
OCG, EDFA, Span, C Band, and OTS performance monitoring statistics are collected.
Both optical and digital OSC performance monitoring statistics are collected.

(TAM)
Trib
Side
Optical
Transceiver
Optical
Transceiver
Serdes/
PM
Serdes/
PM
Band Mux
Module
(BMM)
Line Module
Crosspoint
Mux
Map/
FEC
Wes
t
OSC
PIC
DCM
Client
signal
(opt)
Client
signal
(dig)
Digital OCh
channel
OCG
OTS
and Multiplexer Module BMM Receive

The OTS is received at the Line In, the Optical Supervisory Channel (OSC) is removed and sent to the
MCM for processing.
The C Band signal is sent through the Pre Amp EDFA then out the DCM port for dispersion compensation
ollowed by the second stage of amplification by the Post Amp EDFA.
The BMM then demultiplexes the C Band into the 100G OCGs and each is sent to the appropriate OCG
connector.
Both optical and digital OSC performance monitoring statistics are collected.

Add Connection
(TAM)
Trib
Side
Optical
Transceiver
Optical
Transceiver
Client
signal
(opt)
Serdes/
PM
Serdes/
PM
Client
signal
(dig)
Band Mux
Module
(BMM)
Line Module
Crosspoint
X
Mux
Map/
FEC
Digital OCh
channel
Add/
Drop
Wes
t
OSC
PIC
OCG
OTS
Direction
the TOM the native client signal is converted from optical to electrical (digital) and sent to the TAM.
the TAM the client signal is wrapped in the Trib DTF and sent to the Crosspoint on the Line Module.
the Line Module the Crosspoint sends the iDTF to the Mapper on the outbound Line Module.
the Line Module Mapper the iDTF is mapped to a Line DTF, FEC code is loaded, and the Digital Channe
nt to the Transmit PIC.
e Transmit PIC converts the Digital Channel to an Optical Channel (OCh) then multiplexes the ten Ochs
ate the Optical Carrier Group (OCG).
e BMM multiplexes the OCGs into the C Band signal, the C Band is amplified by the Transmit EDFA, and
C is coupled onto the C Band to create the OTS that is sent to the Line Out connector.

Express Connection
Trib
Side

(TAM)
Optical
Transceiver
Optical
Transceiver
Serdes/
PM
Serdes/
PM
Band Mux
Module
(BMM)
Line Module
Crosspoint
Mux
Map/
FEC
PIC
Optical
Transceiver
Optical
Transceiver
Serdes/
PM
Serdes/
PM
OSC
Express
Line Module
Trib
Side
Wes
t
Map/
FEC
BMM
Mux
PIC
East
OSC
ss Connection
OTS is received at the Line In, the C Band is amplified by EDFA, the BMM then demultiplexes the
s and each is sent to the appropriate OCG connector.
he Line Module, the PIC converts the signal from optical to electrical, the Mapper decodes and applies F
hen the signal is routed by the Crosspoint to the outbound Line Module.
he outbound Line Module the signal comes in from the Crosspoint to the Mapper, new FEC is coded and
he DTF, then the PIC converts the signal from electrical to optical and multiplexes the OChs into the OC
BMM combines the OCGs onto a common optical path creating the C Band signal.
C Band signal is amplified by the EDFA, the OSC is added, and the OTS is sent to the Line Out.

Drop Connection
(TAM)
Trib
Side
Optical
Transceiver
Optical
Transceiver
Client
signal
(opt)
Serdes/
PM
Serdes/
PM
Client
signal
(dig)
Band Mux
Module
(BMM)
Line Module
Crosspoint
X
Mux
Map/
FEC
Digital OCh
channel
Add/
Drop
Wes
t
OSC
PIC
OCG
OTS
Direction
OTS is received at the Line In, the OSC is stripped and sent to the MCM for processing, the C Band sign
mplified by EDFA, the BMM then demultiplexes the C Band signal into OCGs and each is sent
ough the appropriate OCG connector to the Line Module.
the Line Module, the PIC converts the signal from optical to electrical, the Mapper decodes and applies
then the signal is routed by the Crosspoint to the outbound Line Module or TEM where the signal
m the Crosspoint is sent to the TAM.
the TAM the DTF is removed and the native client signal is routed to the appropriate TOM.
the TOM the signal is converted from electrical to optical and sent to the client.
OTN Tributary Module

600G
OTSM-600 & OTXM-600 (XTC-2 and

XTC-2E)
OTSM-600 Slot Pairing and

Configurations
Slot Pairing
Transponder
Muxponder
Regenpoder (E-O-E) next slide
OTSM-600 Slot Pairing Configurations
AOFxAOFx100
100
10
10
AOFxAOFx100
100
TIM-16TIM-162.5GM
2.5GM
11
11
12
12
AOFxAOFx100
100
TIM-5TIM-510GM
10GM
TIM-5TIM-510GM
10GM
1 x 100GE ->
100GE
OTSM-600 Transponder
6 per chassis
AOFxAOFx100
100
5 6
TIM-1TIM-1100GM
100GM
3 4 9
AOFxAOFx100
100
1 2 7 8
10 x 10G ->16 x Sub-10G -> 100G

100G <-> 100G
Muxponder
Regenponder
100G
Muxponder 6 per chassis
6 per chassis
6 per chassis
Transponders, muxponders and regenponder can be flexibly

mixed
TIMs and DWDM line modules can be flexibly placed within a
paired set of slots
Example Configurations with OTXM600
TIM-16TIM-162.5GM
2.5GM
TIM-16TIM-162.5GM
2.5GM
TIM-16TIM-162.5GM
2.5GM
Time slots from any TIM can be connected to any AOFx-100 in either
OTXM
TIM and DWDM line modules can be placed into any available slots
without restriction
TIM-16TIM-162.5GM
2.5GM
16 x 10GE -> 100GE

Packet Muxponder
4 per chassis
TIM-16TIM-162.5GM
2.5GM
TIM-5TIM-5-
10 x 10G -> 100G N x 10G + M x Sub-10G -> 100G

Muxponder
Muxponder
Flexible mix of Sub-10G and 10G TIMs
6 per chassis
AOFxAOFx100
100
TIM-16TIM-162.5GM
2.5GM
10GM
10GM
TIM-5TIM-510GM
10GM
TIM-5TIM-5-
10GM
10GM
TIM-5TIM-510GM
10GM
TIM-5TIM-510GM
10GM
TIM-5TIM-510GM
10GM
AOFxAOFx100
100
PXM-16-10GE
PXM-16-10GE
TIM-16TIM-162.5GM
2.5GM
TIM-16TIM-162.5GM
2.5GM
AOFxAOFx100
100
AOFxAOFx100
100
TIM-1TIM-1100GM
100GM
AOFxAOFx100
100
1 x 100GE ->
100GE
Transponder
6 per chassis
80 x Sub-10G ->
100G
Muxponder
2 per chassis
XTC-2/2E and OTXM-600 Overview
XTC-2E
OTXM-600 Modules
Vertically Oriented in Chassis
Client service modules (TIM)

1G-2.5G
10G
40G
100G
AOFx
AOFx
TIM
TIM
TIM
TIM
TIM
TIM
TIM
TIM
AOFx
AOFx
AOFx
AOFx
1.2Tb Non-Blocking switching at

ODU0
Integrated Switching, Timing and
WDM line module (AOFx-100)
Framing Function
PXM
PXM
PXM
PXM
Multiple Module Support

TIM Modules
TIM Modules
Packet Switching
AOFX-100
Modules (PXM)
Module
1x100GE
PXM Module
16x10GE
PXM
1.2Tbps ODUk switched shelf
1.2Tbps muxponder shelf
OTXM-600
OTXM-600
OTSM-600
OTSM-600
OTSM-600
OTSM-600
OTSM-600
OTSM-600
OTXM-600
OTXM-600
OTXM-600
OTXM-600
Supported OTxM Configurations
600Gbps ODUk switched capacity

600Gbps muxponder capacity
No switching between OTSM and OTXM
Switching within OTXM allowed
NB: XTC-2E shown for illustrative purposes; XTC-2 supports the

same configurations
DTN-X Signal Flow
ODU Routing Options

To an OTM-500 for client side delivery
To an OTN Line Module for multiplexing into
an toOTU4
XTC-10
any one of 10 universal slotXTC-4 to any one of 4 universal slots
Virtual Switching Plane
Slot 1
Slot 2
1
2
Switch
3
OXM
Array
Slot 3
Slot
4 4
3
4
Slot
11
Slot 2
Switch
3 3
Slot 3
OXM 4 Slot
4 4
Array
1
2
1
2
3
4
1 Slot
11 1
Slot
2 2
Switch
3 3 3
Slot
3 3
OXM
4 4 4 Slot
4 4
Array
OTN Switch Module (OXM-10)

8 OXM-10s required for XTC-10 array
to operate
10 slots provide 8:2 protection
Any Universal Slot to any Universal
Slot
OTN Switch Module (OXM-4)

4 OXM-4s required for XTC-4 array to
operate
5 slots provide 4:1 protection
Any Universal Slot to any Universal
Slot
OXM Standbys
XTC-10
10 OXMs
8 as part of the switching array
2 standby
Breaks all ODU0s into 16 timeslots and sends 2 timeslots per
OXM simultaneously
XTC-4
5 OXMs
4 as part of the switching array
1 standby
Breaks all ODU0s into 16 timeslots and sends 4 timeslots per
OXM simultaneously
OXM Array Summary
OXM Array
n x ODU
(TIM)
Up to
5Tbps
n x ODU
(TIM)
Up to
2Tbps
XTC 10
Array
= 8 OXM-10
2 OXM spare
XTC 4
Array
= 4 OXM-4
1 OXM spare
n x ODU
(OXM)
Up to
5Tbps
n x ODU
(OXM)
Up to
2Tbps
Progress Check
What OTN functionality is performed by the OTN
Switch Module?
a) Routing Client signals with FEC from one universal

slot to another
b) Routing OTUs from one universal slot to another

c) Routing ODUs from one universal slot to another
d) Routing OPUs from one universal slot to another
2
2
Line Module ODU to OTU4

2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2222
2222
2222
Switch
2222
2 OXM
222
2222
2222
2222
2 2 2 2 OTN Line Module
2222
2222
2 2 2 2 OTU4PIC
FE
2 2 2 22
22
22
22
22 2 2 2 2 2 C
22222222
22222222
OTU4
FE
2222222222
C

2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
22222
22222
OTN Line Module
OTU4
22222
FE
22222
2222222222 C
22222
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
PIC
22
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
Switch
OXM
OTN Line Module Summary
n x ODU
(OXM)
Up to
500G
5 x OTU4
1 x OCG
10 x Optical
Channels
1 x Optical Channels = 50Gbp

1 x OTU4
=
100Gbps
Therefore, 1 OTU4 has to be

spread over 2 x Optical Chann
Line Codes
On Off Keying (OOK)
1
How Phase is measured
0 Degrees
90 Degrees
180 Degrees
900
1800
Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK)

1
0 Degrees
180 Degrees

1
0 Degrees
180 Degrees

1
0 Degrees
180 Degrees

1
0 Degrees
180 Degrees
OOK vs BPSK
OOK
Rate dependant on change between pulse of frequency
and nil signal
BPSK
Rate dependant on change of phase only
BPSK Benefits
Constant signal presence minimizes effects of dispersion
BPSK Essentials
Signal always being sent
One phase represents a 1
A different phase (1800 represents a 0)
Frequency stays the same
Only Phase changes
Quadrature Phase Shift Keying

0 Degrees
90 Degrees
180 Degrees
270 Degrees
00

0 Degrees
90 Degrees
180 Degrees
270 Degrees
00
01

0 Degrees
90 Degrees
180 Degrees
270 Degrees
00
01
10

0 Degrees
90 Degrees
180 Degrees
270 Degrees
00
01
10
11

0 Degrees
90 Degrees
180 Degrees
270 Degrees
00
01
10
11
10
QPSK Essentials
Signal always being sent
One phase represents two bits
00
01
10
11
Frequency stays the same

Only Phase changes
Polarization Modulation
Sideways View
10
2
Coming at you View
Polarization Modulation (Horizontal)
Polarization Modulation (Vertical)
OTN Line Module Rates

PM QPSK
10 x 50Gbps Optical Channels

500Gbps per OCG
5 x OTU4 (100G) Dual Carrier
10 x OTU3i+ (50G) Single Carrier
PM BPSK
10 x 25Gbps Optical Channels
250Gbps
5 x OTU3i+ (50G) Dual Carrier
10
5
Mixed Modulation on AOLx2/SOLx2

(SD-FEC)
Ability to configure BPSK and QPSK
2 x DC-PM-BPSK
2 x DC-PM-QPSK
2 x SC-PM-QPSK
on the same SD-FEC Line Module

QPSK: SC-PM-QPSK and DC-PMQPSK modes
BPSK: DC-PM-BPSK
Channel pairing similar to HD-FEC
modules
Provisioning rules and capability
Same as AOLX (HD-FEC) support
Features
ed modulation on AOFx/SOFx will be in R16.1 GMPLS support

GCC0 in-band management support
Support for all service types
Forward Error Correction (FEC)

FEC principle:
Red lines show some Pre-FEC errors
Signal goes through FEC decoder
Digital processing of signal to deliver error free PostFEC data
As FEC algorithms become more complex more
powerful digital processing is required
This is Hard Decision FEC (HD-FEC)
10
7
Soft Decision Forward Error Correction

(SD-FEC)
Why SD-FEC?
By increasing data rates OSNR is reduced therefore more
regen required
More cost
Not always possible i.e submarine networks
SD-FEC:
Allows greater optical capacity
Almost doubles optical reach
Improves tolerance to noise
10
8
HD and SD-FEC
SD and HD comparison:
HD: Bit errors are detected using a hard, binary decision
Anything above the threshold is a 1, anything below is
a0
SD: Decoder can provide a more soft or granular report if
a bit should be a 1 or 0 and make a decision based on
how confident it is
Multiple FEC decodes are done in parallel
Result with lowest error count is selected
10
9
SD-FEC benefits
Coherent 100G Reach
2800km
AOLx
AOLx2
(SDFEC)
4000km
7000km
SOLx
SOLx2
(SDFEC)
10000km
QPSK
Terrestrial
BPSK
Subsea
2040% more Reach

Trans-continental
reach
Before SD-FEC
With SD-FEC
Eliminates regens
Better optical express
New architectures:
More express traffic

Trans-pacific reach
Landing station
Reduces Need For Regens Enabling
Cheaper
skipping
Networks/More Margin
Progress Check
What is the benefit of SD-FEC?
a) Allows more regen sites and reports more
digital PM data?
b) Improves reach and reduces regen sites?

c) Allows ALS to be activated?
d) Enables muxing and de-muxing of OCGs?
DTN-X 100G Line Modules
Advanced OTN FlexChannel Module 100G (AOFM100)

Advanced OTN FlexChannel Switching Module 100G
(AOFX-100)
AOFX-100 with Next-Gen Infinera 100G Coherent

PIC
100G Coherent o-PIC
AOFx-100
AOFx-100
100G WDM Line Module

Next-gen 100G Coherent PIC
ITU-T and OCG channel plans
100G TX and RX
Chips
Modulation Formats
FlexCoherent PM-QPSK, PM-BPSK, PM-3QAM
Density per OTxM-x00
Fits into 2 sub-slots: double-wide

Up to 5 x AOFx-100 per OTMx-500
Up to 6 x AOFx-100 per OTxM-600
Multiple performance/reach options
11
3
C3/C5: Metro Core/Regional

C6: Long-Haul
C8: ULH
XTC-10
XTC-4
XTC-2/2E
AOFx-100 Channel Plans
Infinera OCG Channel Plan Infinera Flex-grid Channel Plan

Carrier 25GHz
1
Spectral Carrier 2
50Gbps
Slot
50 Gbps
Carrier Spacing 200GHz
Covers C-band
Up to 7.2Tbps per fiber
* Blue-band OCG channels 3 and 4 not supported with 3 PONs.
Addition of a 4th PON would extend capacity to 8Tbps. Check
Infinera roadmap for availability
Carrier Carrier
1
2
50Gbps50 Gbps
50GHz Spectral
Slot
Dual Carrier in 50GHz
Covers extended C-band

Up to 9.6Tbps per fiber
Muxing Option Taxonomy

CHANNEL
PLAN
OCG
FOAD
M
(BMM
)
50GHz
Drop &
Continue
ROAD
M
FOAD
M
Drop &
Continue
Future
Support
ROAD
M
AOFx-100 Overview
100G DWDM Line Module
100G Coherent oPIC
100G Super100G QPSK

Channel
50 GHz
100G TX and RX
Chips
AOFx100
100
G
100
G
100
G
Metro/Regional/Lo
ng Haul Networks
Dual-wide TIM supported in all XTC chassis

Incorporates 100G coherent optimized PIC
Up to 9.6Tbps in extended C-band

using Flex-grid channel plan
Supports Infineras OCG channel plan
Tunable over a wide range: only 3
modules required to cover extended Cband
Switching and terminal application
optimized:
AOFM-100 terminal/100% add-drop only
AOFX-100 multi-degree and mesh applications
Supports metro, regional and long haul

applications
100
G
Enables an optimized solution for lower-capacity

add/drop sites and thin routes
Initial support for QPSK modulation with 4000km
reach
HW supports BPSK and 3QAM

Packet Switching Module
16 x 10GbE (PXM-16-10GE)
1 x 100GbE (PXM-1-100GE)
Double wide/double height

module fits into OTM2
DTN-X
Family
Built-In 200G Packet Switch

Enables QoS, Traffic Management,
Bandwidth Profiles, Packet
Classification and more
XTC-10 XTC-4
Fits DTN-X: XTC-4 & XTC-10

Drawbacks of pure transport solution.

N x 10GbE
Multiple 10G
ports
e
U2
D
O
ODU2e
Optical Core
N x 10GbE
ODU2e
Oversized
circuits
Inefficient Port
usage
Single port per
destination
Complex fiber &
port
configurations
Inefficient Router
use
N x 10GbE
Transport
Inefficiency
Fixed circuit capacity
Inefficient
bandwidth
management
No Stat-Mux
Inefficient circuit
fill
Fixed destination
Inefficient circuit use
Wasted
bandwidth
No flow
routing /QoS
Port Consolidation Improves Router

Efficiency
Consolidate 10G
Multiple
Multiple 10G
10G
ports into 100G
ports
ports
ports
N x 10GbE
Packet Aware
OTN Core
ODU2e
Optical Core
e
U2
D
O
100Gb
E
N x 10GbE
ODU2e
Oversized
circuits
N x 10GbE
Inefficient
bandwidth
management
Inefficient Port
Port Consolidation
usage
Port
Consolidation
Combine multiple 10G ports into fewer 100G

ports
Reduce fiber & port counts
Simplify & improve router efficiency &
reliability
Packet Aggregation (Key Customer

Application)
Low Speed
Circuits
(e.g., Nx10GbE)
Nx
OD
U2
O
D
U
fe
x
High Speed
Circuits
(e.g.,
Nx100GbE)
TIM or
PXM for Remote
Aggregation
Aggregation is simply grooming packets onto higher speed

ports
Feeders may originate on TIM or PXM

All TIM sites must be ODU2e or nxODU2e
VLAN IDs are used to map at aggregation PXM site
Further traffic processing can be done at PXM sites
Application: Shared Router Interconnect

1 Router Port
per remote
connection
Single
consolidated
100G Port
100Gb
E
Low-speed
circuits
(e.g.,
Nx10GE/ODU2e)
Low-speed
circuits
(e.g.,
Nx10GE/ODU2e)
Traditional Method
Single port per destination
Complex fiber & port configurations
Inefficient Router use
PXM Port
Consolidation
Consolidate 10G into fewer 100G ports

Reduce fiber & port counts
Simplify/improve router efficiency/reliability
Flex ILS
AOFx-500/SOFx-500 Banded Super-Channel Plan

Uses 19 250GHz Frequency Slots Across 4.8THz
Single FRU tunes to
4 bands across 1THz
TH
5
32
.
1
19
TH
5
32
.
2
19
250GHz
z
H
5T
2
.3
3
19
23GHz
10
11
12
13
TH
5
32
.
4
19
14
16
17
z
H
5T
2
.3
5
19
18
19
z
H
T
25
1
6.
9
1
5 FRU types
250GHz
15
4 tune to 4 bands
1 tunes to 3 bands
Flex-Grid Super-Channels
FlexChannels
ITU-T G.694.1 C Band
191.712 THz
RED
OCG
OCG
ITU-T G.694.1 Extended C Band
191.325 THz
250GH
z
1
195.937 THz
BLUE
1
0
1
1
1
2
1
3
1
4
196.125 THz
1
5
1
6
1
7
1
8
1
9
Optical Carrier Group (OCG) Super-Channel FlexChannel: Contiguous spectrum A group of 10 DWDM channels
200GHz spacing between channels
16 OCGs in C-band
Channel plan with up to 25GHz spacing
Tunable across 4 OCGs
optimized Super-channel
A group of 10 DWDM channels in 250 GHz
Can be placed anywhere in the spectrum
19 Super-Channels in Extended C Band

Tunable across 1 THz window
C-ROADM
MPO
The MPO connector is a single connector but has 4
logical ports. In GNM or DNA you will see the 4 ports.
These 4 ports are connected by physical fibers.
12
7
P1
P1
P2
P2
P3
P3
P4
P4
A MPO cable is a single cable with

8 fibers or 4 fiber pairs inside
P1
P1
P2
P2
P3
P3
P4
P4
Fiber Cleaning
Remember: always clean all fibers and
connectors
You are familiar with cleaning wipes,
cletops and how to use them
However, MPO requires a different cleaner:
12
8
Direct Connect Colorless ROADM with FSP-C or FMPC

Up to 9.5 TB
Express
MTC9
FRM-9D-R
Direct Connect: AOFx-500
Inter Degree
Connection
IAM/IRM
FRM-9D-R
IAM/IRM
FSP-E
LINE
connects directly to FRM-9D

Low cost add/drop option
MTC9
LINE
FSP-C
2 TB
Per
FSP-C
2x
FSP-C
can be
fitted
A
O
F
x
A
O
F
x
FMP-C
A
O
F
x
A
O
F
x
Up to 4
AOFx
per FSPC
A
O
F
x
A
O
F
x
A
O
F
x
A
O
F
x
Up to 8
AOFx
per FMPC
XTC
4 TB
Per
FMP-C
2x
FMP-C
can be
fitted
No channel mux needed(FMM-F/C)

FSP-C (passive) can connect to 4
AOFx-500 line modules
Enables pay as you play
deployment of channel mux for highdegree/high add-drop applications
Direction specific Add/Drop

Add/drop ports connect to directionspecific FRM module
FSP-E is used for express

connections between FRM-9D
Supports auto-discovery from
AOFx-500 to FRM
Example Configuration of a DTN-X Colorless

ROADM
Lets follow the signal flow
AOFM/X connects to FSP-C
13
0
Colorless Add/Drop Shuffle Panel (FSPC)

FSP-C
Enables direct connect

FlexROADM config with FRM
Connect line module to FRM without
any active MUX modules
MPO
Connector to
FRM-9D
LC
Connector to
line modules
FSP-C Connectivity with

FRM-9D-R
LM
FRM-9DR
LM
FSP-C
LM
LM
4 Line
Module
s
.
.
.
.
FSP-C
1 FSP-C per MPO
MPO
Connector
LC
Connector
Confidential & Proprietary
Convert MPO to duplex LC

1 MPO to 4 add/drop ports
Enables direction specific

add/drop
12 line module add/drop for up to 5D
8 line module add/drop for 6D to 9D
Passive module
Fit 2 in 1 RU FPC-1 (19, 600mm, 23
rack mounting)
Supports auto-discovery from line
module to FRM
Colorless Add/Drop Multiplexer Panel

(FMP-C)
FMP-C
Enables direct connect

FlexROADM config with FRM
Connect line module to FRM without
any active MUX modules
MPO
Connector to
FRM-9D
LM
LM
LM
LM
LM
LM
LM
LM
LC
Connector to
line modules
FSP-C Connectivity with

FRM-9D-R
8 Line
Modules to 4
add drop ports
FRM-9DR
FMP-C
.
.
.
.
FMP-C
1 FMP-C per MPO
MPO
Connector
LC
Connector
Convert MPO to duplex LC

1 MPO to 4 add/drop ports
2 LM per pair of fibers
Enables direction specific

add/drop
12 line module add/drop for up to 5D
8 line module add/drop for 6D to 9D
Passive module
Fit 2 in 1 RU FPC-1 (19, 600mm, 23
rack mounting)
Supports auto-discovery from line
module to FRM
Example Configuration of a DTN-X Colorless

ROADM
Lets follow the signal flow
FSP-C connects to FRM
13
3
Flex ROADM Module (FRM-9D-R-8-EC)

FRM can add/drop up to
16 Super Channel Groups
(SCGs)
Express up to 19 SCGs
FSP-C or FMP-C connects
to 1st or 2nd System Ports
(3rd and 4th port is for
express)
A software association is
made manually between
the FSP-C or FMP-C and
the FRM System Port
13
4
WSS in FRM is configured

to add/drop the selected
Super Channel Group
What is WSS?
WSS = Wavelength Selective Switch
WSS is the central heart of FRM9D
WSS allows any wavelength of incoming light to be switched to
any output port
Variable attenuation can be added for each individual wavelength
in WSS for channel power control and equalization
Flex ROADM Module (FRM-9D-R-8-EC)
13
6
Associate FSP-C to FRM
Each MPO port is 4 fibers/connections from an FSPC

From left to right:
System 1-4 is S1 (add/drop)
System 9-12 is S9 (Express)
13 2015 Infinera
Corporation
Confidential
& Proprietary
System
13-16
is S13
(Express)
7
Associate FSP-C to FRM

If you associate the
FSP-C with S1 then:
AD1 will be S1
AD2 will be S2
AD3 will be S3
AD4 will be S4
If you associate the
FSP-C with S5 then:
AD1 will be S5
AD2 will be S6
AD3 will be S7
AD4 will be S8
13
8
Associate FRM to IAM/IRM

FRM is associated to the
IAM/IRM
13
9
DTN-X C-ROADM Turn up and Test

This completes the
process for one
add/drop direction.
Repeat for all other
add/drop directions.
What about express
traffic?
We will look at that in
the next section
FlexILS Turn up and
Test
Inter Degree
Connection
FRM-9D-R
IAM/IRM
IAM/IRM
FSP-E
LINE
LINE
FSP-C
FSP-C
MTC9
MTC9
A
O
F
x
A
O
F
x
A
O
F
x
A
O
F
x
A
O
F
x
A
O
F
x
Upto 4 AOFx per

FSP-C
XTC
14
0
FRM-9D-R
A
O
F
x
A
O
F
x
Flex ILS ROADM
Flex ILS ROADM Turn up and Test

This diagram
shows an MTC-9
as a main
chassis in a
FlexILS
configuration.
The express
connections
showing 4D
14
2

As the signal comes
in to the IAM it is
amplified. Add/drop
traffic would transmit
out of S1-4 or S5-8
and connect to an
FSP-C and then to
AOFx in XTC.
However, express
traffic transmits out
of S9-12 or S13-16
The Express ports of the FRM are

connected to an FSP-E
14
3
Express traffic transmits out of S9-12 or S13-16
14
4
FSP-E-9D-18MPO
Each port is
connected to 4 other
ports to allow for 4
degree switching
Table on right shows
port connectivity i.e.
1A is connected to
2A, 3A, 4A and 5A
14
5
FSP-E-9D-18MPO logical connectivity
Note: First port number on one end goes to the last port
number on the other end (MPO cables are internally cross
connected/swapped)
MPO connected to 1A and using

S13 - S16, the ports it would
connect to is
S13 5A S15
S14 4A S15
S15 3A S15
S16 2A S16
MPO connected to 2A and using
S13 - S16, the ports it would
connect to is
S13 5A S16
S14 4A S16
S15 3A
S16
S16 1A
S16

Additional FRMs
are connected to
the same FSP-E.
Provided FRMs
are connected
correctly to the
FSP-E then they
can switch SCGs
between FRMs.
In this case, FSPE ports 1A , 2A,
3A, 4A and 5A
are connected
14
7
Add FPC and associate FSP-E to FRM

The FPC is added as an
expansion chassis and the
FSP-E is associated to the
FRM
14
8
FRM Ports
Each MPO port is 4 fibers/connections from an FSPE

From left to right:
System 9-12 is S9 (Express)
14 2015 Infinera
Corporation
Proprietary
System
13-16
isConfidential
S13 &(Express)
9
FSP-E
Note that the labelling of the FSP-E is from right to left

BUT in the GUI is from left to right
15
0
Associate FRM to IAM/IRM

FRM is associated to the
IAM/IRM
15
1
CDC-ROADM
CDC ROADM
Super-Channel CDC
Inter Degree
Connection
FRM-9D-R
IAM/IRM
FRM-9D-R
IAM/IRM
FSP-E
FlexROADM
FRM-3D/9D
Up to 8 Degrees
19 500G Super-Channels
add/drop per degree
FSM provides CDC
FSP-S
functionality
MTC-9
MTC-9
FS
M
FS
M
MTC-9
A
O
F
x
A
O
F
x
A
O
F
x
A
O
F
x
12 add/drop ports and 8 line ports

Up to 8 FSMs per node
Shuffle panels for fiber

management
FSP-E for express connectivity
among FRM-9D-R
FSP-S for add/drop using FSM
XTC
Benefits:
Fully flexible and un-constrained
multi-direction photonic switching
Example Configuration of a DTN-X CDC ROADM

Lets follow the signal flow:
AOFx connects directly to an FSM
Flex ROADM Switching Module
15
4
FSM (FlexROADM Switching Module)

Overview
CDC FlexROADM Node
Provides CDC functionality

FRM-9D-R
Degre
e2
Degre
eN
IAM/IRM
FSM
Degree 1
MTC-9
LM LM LM
Add-Drop
XTC
SuperChannel Line
Modules
FSM Faceplate
along with FRM-9D-R

Multiples of same can be add/drop
to same FSM
Can be connected to multiple
FRM-9D-R (directions)
Direction independent
add/drop
Mux/Demux and switching of 12
channels to 8 directions
Up to 8D CDC FlexROADM Node
Supports OCGs and alien

wavelengths (in future)
3 slots in MTC-9
FSM-CDC-8D-12-EC Overview
Up to 12 SCGs
can be
connected to
the FSM directly
from the AOFx
and be crossconnected to
any of the 4 line
ports. All 12
SCGs can go
out of the same
Line Port if
desired.
FSE (Expansion
Module)
provides
another 4 ports
15
6
FSM-CDC-8D-12-EC
MPO cable must
be fitted to use
Line 5-8
With Extender Card fitted up

to 12 AOFx cross connect to
Line 1 to 4 and Line 5 to 8
(MPO connectors) up to 8D
15
7
1 x AOFx
connects to an
Add/Drop port
Up to 12 AOFx cross
connect to Line 1 to
4 (MPO connector)
up to 4D

MPO connector for Line 1 4 of
FSM connects to MPO connector of
FSP-S
15
8
FSP-S-4D-8MPO
Ports are labelled, from left to right, 1 to 8
1 to 4 connect to
FRM
5 to 8 connect to
FSM
CDC add/drop shuffle panel

Enables connectivity between FSM and FRM-9D-R for CDC
FlexROADM configuration
Connect to MPOs from 4 FRMs and 4 FSMs
Breakout MPO cables such that each FRM-9D-R connect to different FSM
Passive Module,
Half-width FRU - fits 2 in 1 RU FPC-1(19, 600mm, 23 rack mounting)
Modular Architecture
Number of FSP-S depends upon number of degrees (FRM) and add/drop capacity(FSM )
15
9
CDC Add/Drop Shuffle Panel (FSP-S)

FSM must
connect to
port 5, 6, 7
or 8.
Line 1 4 of
FSM MPO is
then sent to
port 1 to 4.
(line 1 to
port 1, line 2
to port 2
etc)
FRM then
receives up
to 4 Lines, 1
from each
FRM
FSP-S Internal Fiber

Connectivity
FRM1
FRM1
FRM2
FRM2
FRM3
FRM3
FRM4
FRM4
FSM3
FSM3
FSM4
FSM4
FSP-S
FSM1
FSM1
FSM2
FSM2
MPO
Connector
Bidirectional
Fiber Pair
Deployment Scenario of FSP-S

4 Degree CDC ROADM Node
4D CDC ROADM with 4

FSM (63% Add/drop
4D CDC ROADM with 7 FSM

(100% Add/Drop capacity)
capacity)
FRM1
FRM2
FRM3
FRM4
FRM1
FSM2
FSM3
FSM4
FSM1
1 MPO from each FRM gets connected to

FSP-S
1 MPO from each FSM gets connected to
FSP-S
FSM2
FSM3
FRM4
FRM3
FSP-S
FSP-S
FSP-S
FSM1
FRM2
FSM4
FSM5
FSM6
2 MPO from each FRM gets

connected to two different FSP-S
1 MPO from each FSM gets
connected to FSP-S
FSM7
Deployment Scenario of FSP-S

8 Degree CDC ROADM Node
FRM1
FRM
8D CDC ROADM with 8

FSM
(63% Add/drop
capacity)FRM5
FRM3
FRM4
FSP-S
FSM1
FSM3
FSM4
FRM7
FSM5
FRM8
FSP-S
FSP-S
FSP-S
FSM2
FRM6
FSM6
FSM7
In the Drop direction every FRM is connected to every FSM

through two FSP-S cards, each FSP-S has an expansion card
fitted.
Also in the Add direction every FSM is connected to every FRM
through the FSP-S cards.
FSM8
FSP-S connects to FRM and FSM

The FSP-S is associated to
the FRM and FSM
16
3

FRM then connects to IAM/IRM as
before.
16
4
Open Wave on AOFx/SOFx

Directly connect
AOFx/SOFx pair (no FRM
or intermediate Amps)
Enable GCC0 channel

between AOFx/SOFx pair
End-to-end GMPLS
provisioning and
restoration supported
Flex ILS Amplifier and

Raman
Turn up and Test
ILS Amplifier Module (IAM) Overview

Variable gain EDFA
Optimized for Coherent
IAM in ROADM
Node
FRM
IAM
SYS In/Out
Ports
Add/Drop/Express
Connections
Line In/Out
Ports
IAM in OLA
Node
Line In/Out
Ports
IAM
SYS In/Out
Ports
No DCM required
Extended C Band
MTC-9
IAM/IRM
Waves
Line In/Out
Ports
MTC-9
Support
Integrated 1510nm OSC
Serve line in/out ports
of same fiber degree
One module per degree
2 Slots in MTC-9
IAM Detailed Description

OTDR
Line In
IAM2 HW Block
Diagram
OSA
Line In
OSC terminated/generated per

OSA
System
Out
System
Out
Line In
MS-VOA
OSC
Line
Out
System
In
OUT VOA
OTDR
OSA
Line Out Line Out
LC
Connector
IAM2
Faceplate
fiber direction
High output power (21.5dBm)
Multiple Variants
IAM2 R10
Support for 0-28dB spans
Two stage EDFA with mid-stage
VOA
Pre-amplifier and booster
amplifier
OSA & OTDR ports
IAM1 R11
Support for 0-20dB spans
Pre-amplifier only, no EDFA in Tx
direction
No OTDR ports
IAM Fibering
IAM/IRM system ports are
fibered together in OLA node
IAM in OLA
Node
IAM
IAM/IRM
Line In/Out
Ports
SYS In/Out
Ports
Line In/Out
Ports
MTC-9
16
9
Management
Network Management
DTC/XTC
Terminal
OTC
OTC
DTC
ADD/DROP
DCN Ethernet Ports
DTC/XTC
Terminal
DCN Ethernet Ports
Optical Supervisory Channel 155 Mbps Bi-directional

Ethernet 10/100 auto negotiating
Customer
LAN
OSC carries the node to node GMPLS
Customer
LAN
Communications to and from Gateway Network Elements (GNEs) utilizes

the DCN port(s)
Communications to and from Subtending Network Elements (SNEs) utilizes
the OSC channel(s)
The MCM/OMM routes communications sent or received to the appropriate
DCN/OSC port
Example Network
DCN Connectivity
DCN
DNA
Intra
net
Gateway Network Element (GNE)

DCN
DNA
Intra
net
Subtending Network Element (SNE)
DCN
DNA
Intra
net
SNEs managed via OSC

Optical Supervisory Channel (OSC)

1510nm
OC-3 Ethernet Over Sonet (100mbps)
OSC laser can be disabled
By changing admin state to lock
i.e. for fiber splicing
17
6
Automatic Laser Shutdown

(ALS)
Automatic Laser Shutdown (ALS)

All BMMs support ALS feature
Isolates and contains a fiber cut on a digital link
Shuts down C-Band in both directions
Can be disabled via management interface (not
recommended)
BMM Automatic Laser Shutdown (ALS)
C-Band
OSC
C-Band
OSC
Span Connectivity Failure
C-Band
OSC
//
C-Band
OSC
C-Band turned off
C-Band
OSC
//
OSC
C-Band turned off
OSC
//
OSC
Span re-connected
OSC
OSC
C-Band re-activate
C-Band
OSC
C-Band
OSC
Protection Schemes
Service Types
Unprotected
1 Port D-SNCP
2 Port D-SNCP
Unidirectional
GMPLS Restoration
D-SNCP: Digital Subnetwork Connection
Protection
18
6
Dedicated Protection - 1 Port DSNCP Network View
Single
interface
Protects digital paths against facility and BMM failures

Dedicated diverse 1+1 protection paths
Client equipment interfaces to 1 client port on the DTN (no
client Y-cables)
Enhanced Digital Wrapper monitors quality of signals

Both working and protect signals monitored
Switching based on SDH/SONET-style SF thresholds
Can be Revertive or Nonrevertive

Dedicated Protection - 1 Port DSNCP

Node View
DLM
ODU1
Control link
ODU1
TAM
....
....
West
Client signal transmitted on diverse paths to

egress DTN
Client signal multicast electronically
Manual and Lockout switching supported

Supports both line & client side triggers
Trib & line-side failures (LOS/LOF)
Digital service failure (SF BER)
East

Network View
Dual TAM
interfaces
Y-cable
Y-cable
Protects digital paths against equipment failures

Dedicated diverse 1+1 protection paths
Client equipment interfaces to 2 client ports on the DTN with Y-cables
Enhanced Digital Wrapper monitors quality of signals

Both working and protect signals monitored
Switching based on SDH/SONET-style SF thresholds
Can be Revertive or Nonrevertive

2 Port DSCNP can include auto restoration in addition to the
1+1 protection

Node View
DLM
ODU1
TAM
ODU1
TAM
Y
....
....
West
Control link
East
Client signal transmitted on diverse paths to egress DTN

Client signal dual cast using Y-cable optical splitter
Hardware control link between Line Modules at egress DTN

coordinates TX to optical splitter
Manual and Lockout switching supported
Supports both line & client side switching triggers
Trib & line-side failures (LOS/LOF)
Digital service failure (SF BER)
GMPLS Restoration
Dynamic GMPLS Circuit
Restoration
Topologies Supported
Linear
Ring
Mesh
Restoration activity
Determines alternate
path bandwidth availability
Reroutes SNCs utilizing
available bandwidth
Preferred restoration path
can be provisioned
Can be Revertive or
Nonrevertive
19
1
Multi-Layer Recovery (MLR)
19
2
Multi-Layer Recovery (MLR)

D-SNCP and GMPLS restoration (DTN only)
1P or 2P D-SNCP combined with GMPLS restoration

Fault causes Protection path to become active
Working path then restores itself
If Protection path fails then Working becomes active on
restored path
All switches are sub 50 ms
19
3
Line terminating circuits

Trib to Line Circuit
SNC 1
Line-to-line circuits
(no configuration
needed)
Trib to Line Circuit

SNC 3
TAM
SNC 2
TAM
Domain Boundary
Domain Boundary
Circuits can be configured with line-side endpoints

Trib to Line
Line to Line
Enables the user to create a circuit across GMPLS domains
A Line Module must be configured for line-side termination (must be
done in the software)
19
4
FastSMP
Infineras FastSMP
Traditional Optical Protection
Infineras FastSMP
1+1 SNCP Protection

<50 ms switching
Dedicated
protection
bandwidth ($$$$)
Protection for 1
failure
ynamic Re-routing (circa 2000)

GMPLS
Restoration &
MPLS FRR
Dynamic recovery
based on available
bandwidth
Less network cost
Multiple failure
protection
Provides the advantages of all

existing recovery mechanisms
Hardware assisted sub-50 ms
protection switching
Shared protection bandwidth

Better network economics
Multiple failure protection

Enables reduction of expensive
router ports
FastSMP: Shared Protection for a

Single Failure
W
or
ki
ng
SN
C
Working
SNC 2
FastSMP
Protection SNC
2
FastSMP Protection SNC 1
Working/Active
Shared Protection
Logical protection paths

Not provisioned, so doesnt actually use resources
Planned using reserved protection bandwidth in network
Up to 10 services can use the same protection resources

Disjoint services so that only one affected by the same failure
Enables up to sizeable reduction in protection resources

FastSMP: Multiple Failures

3rd FastSMP SNC 1
Option
W
or
ki
ng
SN
C
Working
SNC 2
FastSMP
Protection SNC
2
Working/Active
Shared Protection
Services can be protected with multiple logical

protections paths
More options for recovering a service
Protects against multiple failures
FastSMP: Topology Updates

3rd FastSMP SNC 1
Option
W
or
ki
ng
SN
C
Working
SNC 2
FastSMP
Protection SNC
2
FastSMP Protection SNC(Unavailable)
1
Working/Active
Shared Protection
After a failure and protection switch occurs, updated network

topology is distributed
Failed and used resources are signaled to other nodes as unavailable/used
Logical protection paths using these resources are marked as

unavailable
When another failure occurs, other logical protection paths are used
FastSMP: Priority & Preemption

3rd FastSMP SNC 1
Option
W
or
ki
ng
SN
C
Working
SNC 2
FastSMP
Protection SNC
2
Working/Active
Shared Protection
Preemption example: SNC 2 higher priority than SNC 1
Priority
FastSMP supports SNC
prioritization
Higher priority SNCs utilize
protection resources before
lower priority SNCs
Preemption
Higher priority SNCs preempt
lower priority SNC
High priority get the resources
to protect service
Lower priority SNCs lose the
resources
Licensing
License Management Architecture

License Server/Storefront
PONs, RMAs, Keys
Direct DNA
Or
Remote PC
Infinera DNA
License Manager App
Remote PC
Licens
e Keys
Activation
Code
Code &
&
License
License Keys
Keys
NE,
NE, Slot,
Slot, FRU
FRU
License Server
Centralized license key management

Inventory, availability
Offline connection to DNA
High availability & secure access
DNA License Manager App

License Management & Licensing
Rules
Activation, Move, Spare & Distribution
License mismatch resolution
License Inventory
Network Element
License Enforcement, Alarms
Licensing Rules
Objectives
Objectives review
Upon successful completion of all of the modules contained in this course, the student
should be able to describe:
Optical Transport Networking Fundamentals
OTN Hierarchy ODU0, ODU1, ODU2, ODU3, ODU4)
Photonic Integrated Chip (PIC) functions and benefits

DTN/DTN-X Node Configurations
DTN/DTN-X Signal Flow
Switching, Line coding (BPSK, QPSK), SD-FEC
OTxM Configurations
AOFx-100 Channel Plans and Muxing plans
FlexILS
Management
OSC, ALS, Protection schemes, licensing

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Welcome to Infinera

DTN/DTN-X Theory of Operations

2015 Infinera Corporation Confidential & Proprietary

Infinera Training Statement

2015 Infinera Corporation Confidential & Proprietary

2015 Infinera Corporation Confidential & Proprietary

Course Learning Objectives

Optical Transport Networking Fundamentals

Optical Channel Payload Unit (OPU)

Optical Channel Data Unit (ODU)

Optical Channel Transport Unit (OTU)

OTN Hierarchy ODU0, ODU1, ODU2, ODU3, ODU4)

Photonic Integrated Chip (PIC) functions and benefits

Switching, Line coding (BPSK, QPSK), SD-FEC

OSC, ALS, Protection schemes, licensing

2015 Infinera Corporation Confidential & Proprietary

2015 Infinera Corporation Confidential & Proprietary

Optical Transport Networking (OTN)

2015 Infinera Corporation Confidential & Proprietary

Optical Channel Payload Unit (OPU)

2015 Infinera Corporation Confidential & Proprietary

Optical Channel Payload Unit (OPU)

Optical Channel Data Unit (ODU)

2015 Infinera Corporation Confidential & Proprietary

Optical Channel Data Unit (ODU)

2015 Infinera Corporation Confidential & Proprietary

Digital Transport Layer Performance Monitoring

Tx TTI Circuit 101 WtoE

2015 Infinera Corporation Confidential & Proprietary

Digital Transport Layer Performance Monitoring

2015 Infinera Corporation Confidential & Proprietary

Digital Transport Layer Performance Monitoring

Rx TTI Circuit 101 WtoE

2015 Infinera Corporation Confidential & Proprietary

a) The ODU enables end to end performance management and

b) The ODU normalizes a range of client rates so that the same

c) The ODU enables end to end Forward error Correction

Optical Channel Transport Unit (OTU)

2015 Infinera Corporation Confidential & Proprietary

Optical Channel Transport Unit (OTU)

2015 Infinera Corporation Confidential & Proprietary

Optical Channel Transport Unit (OTU)

2015 Infinera Corporation Confidential & Proprietary

Optical Channel Transport Unit (OTU)

2015 Infinera Corporation Confidential & Proprietary

Digital Transport Layer Performance Monitoring

2015 Infinera Corporation Confidential & Proprietary

Digital Transport Layer Performance Monitoring

2015 Infinera Corporation Confidential & Proprietary

Digital Transport Layer Performance Monitoring

2015 Infinera Corporation Confidential & Proprietary

Digital Transport Layer Performance Monitoring

2015 Infinera Corporation Confidential & Proprietary

Digital Transport Layer Performance Monitoring

2015 Infinera Corporation Confidential & Proprietary

Digital Transport Layer Performance Monitoring

2015 Infinera Corporation Confidential & Proprietary

Digital Transport Layer Performance Monitoring

2015 Infinera Corporation Confidential & Proprietary

Digital Transport Layer Performance Monitoring