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    Grammar Translation Method

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    Reni Riyani
    The document describes the grammar translation method (GTM) of foreign language teaching. Some key points: 1. GTM focuses on translating grammatical forms, memorizing vocabulary, and studying rules/conjugations with little spoken communication. 2. Grammar is explicitly taught and practiced through translation exercises. Reading and writing are emphasized, while speaking and listening skills receive little attention. 3. Accuracy is stressed over fluency through exercises like translating passages and fill-in-the-blank grammar drills with corrections provided by the teacher.

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    Grammar Translation Method

    Uploaded by

    Reni Riyani
    156 views19 pages
    The document describes the grammar translation method (GTM) of foreign language teaching. Some key points: 1. GTM focuses on translating grammatical forms, memorizing vocabulary, and studying rules/conjugations with little spoken communication. 2. Grammar is explicitly taught and practiced through translation exercises. Reading and writing are emphasized, while speaking and listening skills receive little attention. 3. Accuracy is stressed over fluency through exercises like translating passages and fill-in-the-blank grammar drills with corrections provided by the teacher.

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    The document describes the grammar translation method (GTM) of foreign language teaching. Some key points: 1. GTM focuses on translating grammatical forms, memorizing vocabulary, and studying rules/conjugations with little spoken communication. 2. Grammar is explicitly taught and practiced through translation exercises. Reading and writing are emphasized, while speaking and listening skills receive little attention. 3. Accuracy is stressed over fluency through exercises like translating passages and fill-in-the-blank grammar drills with corrections provided by the teacher.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    156 views19 pages

    Grammar Translation Method

    Uploaded by

    Reni Riyani
    The document describes the grammar translation method (GTM) of foreign language teaching. Some key points: 1. GTM focuses on translating grammatical forms, memorizing vocabulary, and studying rules/conjugations with little spoken communication. 2. Grammar is explicitly taught and practiced through translation exercises. Reading and writing are emphasized, while speaking and listening skills receive little attention. 3. Accuracy is stressed over fluency through exercises like translating passages and fill-in-the-blank grammar drills with corrections provided by the teacher.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    of 19

    GRAMMAR TRANSLATION METHOD

    Reni Eli Riyani


    Mayang Rianti
    Neneng
    Khoeriah
    What is GTM ?

    The grammar-translation method of foreign


    language teaching is one of the most traditional
    methods.
    It was originally used to teach 'dead' languages
    (and literatures) such as Latin and Greek,
    involving little or no spoken communication or
    listening comprehension.
    Principally, the GTM focused on translating
    grammatical form, memorizing
    vocabulary, learning rules, and studying
    conjugations.
    The Principles of GTM
    1. Grammar rules are presented and studied explixitly.
    Grammar is taught deductively and then practiced
    through translation excerxise.
    2. The primary skills to be developed are reading and
    writting
    3. Hardly any attention is paid to speaking and
    listening skills
    4. Teacher correction is the only way to make students
    produce the right forms of the foreign language.
    5. The goal of foreign language learning is the ability
    to understand the written in the foreign language.
    The Principles of GTM
    6. Mastering the grammar of the foreign
    language is essential in order for
    students to understand the written
    target language
    7. Vocabulary is learnt from bilingual word
    list
    8. The mother tongue is used as the
    medium of instruction
    9. A paramount use of translation
    evcercise is given.
    Prator and Murcia (cited in Brown, 1987 :
    75) List the major characteristics of GTM, as
    follows :
    1. Classes are taught in mother tongue, with little
    active use of target language
    2. Much vocabulary is taught in the form of list of
    isolated words
    3. Long elaborate explanations of the intricacies of
    grammar are given
    4. Grammar provides the rules for putting words
    together, and instruction often focuses on the
    form and inflection of words.
    5. Reading of difficult classical texts is begun early
    Prator and Murcia (cited in Brown, 1987 :
    75) List the major characteristics of GTM, as
    follows :

    6. Little attention is paid to the content of


    texts, which are treated as excercises in
    grammatical analysis
    7. Often the only drills are excercises in
    translating disconnected sentences from
    the target language into the mother
    tongue
    8. Little or no attention is given to
    pronunciation
    9. The focus is on accuracy, and not
    fluency
    The following procedure of teaching the
    target language through the GTM is adapted
    from Larsen-Freeman (2000:15;17)
    1. The class reads a text writtten in the target
    language
    2. Students translate the passage from the target
    language to their mother tongue
    3. The teacher asks students in their native language if
    they have any question , students ask questions and
    the teacher answers the questions in their language
    4. Student write out the answer to reading
    comprehension questions
    5. Student translate new words from the target
    language to their mother tongue
    The following procedure of teaching the
    target language through the GTM is adapted
    from Larsen-Freeman (2000:15;17)
    6. Students are given a grammar rule and
    based on the example they apply the rule
    by using the new words
    7. Students memorize vocabulary
    8. The teacher asks students to state the
    grammar rule
    9. Students memorize the rule
    10. Errors are corrected by providing the right
    answers.
    Techniques

    The grammar translation method has nine


    Techniques :

    Translation of a Literary Passage (Translating target


    language to native language).

    Reading Comprehension Questions (Finding


    information in a passage, making inferences and
    relating to personal experience).

    Antonyms/Synonyms (Finding antonyms and


    synonyms for words or sets of words).

    Cognates (Learning spelling/sound patterns that


    correspond between L1 and the target language).
    Deductive Application of Rule (Understanding grammar
    rules and their exceptions, then applying them to new
    examples).

    Fill-in-the-blanks (Filling in gaps in sentences with new


    words or items of a particular grammar type).

    Memorization (Memorizing vocabulary lists, grammatical


    rules and grammatical paradigms).

    Use Words in Sentences (Students create sentences to


    illustrate they know the meaning and use of new words).

    Composition (Students write about a topic using the target


    language).
    Advantages

    The phraseology of the target language is quickly


    explained. Translation is the easiest way of explaining
    meanings or words and phrases from one language into
    another. Any other method of explaining vocabulary items
    in the second language is found time consuming.

    Teachers labour is saved. Since the textbooks are taught


    through the medium of the mother tongue, the teacher
    may ask comprehension questions on the text taught in
    the mother tongue. Pupils will not have much difficulty in
    responding to questions on the mother tongue. So, the
    teacher can easily assess whether the students have
    learnt what he has taught them.
    Disadvantages

    It is an unnatural method. The natural order of


    learning a language is listening, speaking,
    reading and writing.

    Speech is neglected. The Grammar Translation


    Method lays emphasis on reading and writing.
    It neglects speech. Thus, the students who are
    taught English through this method fail to
    express themselves adequately in spoken
    English.
    Exact translation is not possible. Translation is,
    indeed, a difficult task and exact translation
    from one language to another is not always
    possible.

    It does not give pattern practice. A person can


    learn a language only when he internalizes its
    patterns to the extent that they form his habit.
    But the Grammar Translation Method does not
    provide any such practice to the learner of a
    language. It rather attempts to teach language
    Exercises of a class using this method
    1. Translation of a Literary Passage
    Students translate a reading passage from the target language
    into their native language.
    2. Reading Comprehension Questions
    Students answer questions in the target language based on their
    understanding of the reading passage.
    3. Antonym/synonyms
    Students are given one set of words and are asked to find
    antonyms in the reading passage.
    4. Fill-in-the-blanks
    Students are given a series of sentences with words missing.

    5. Deductive Application of Rule


    Grammar rules are presented with examples. Once students
    understand a rule, they are asked to apply it to some different
    example.
    Example of GTM
    Vocabulary
    List of Verb
    1. Eat : makan

    2. Laugh : tertawa

    3. Study : belajar

    4. Write : menulis
    5. Read : membaca
    Example of GTM
    Change the Verb !
    1. The baby............ (cry) every night

    2. My mother ........... (cook) rice very well

    3. The students ..............(study)

    mathematics
    Example of GTM
    Translate these sentences into
    Indonesian !
    1. The baby cries everynight

    ............................................
    2. My mother cooks rise very well
    ..............................................
    3. My father reads a newspaper
    ...................................................
    Example of GTM
    Terjemahkan kalimat-kalimat berikut ke
    dalam bahasa Inggris !
    1. Mereka membenci kita

    2. Kita makan setiap hari

    3. Dia tertawa dan kamu menangis

    4. Saya suka Bahasa Inggris

    5. Kita tidur setiap malam

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