BHAKRA BEAS

MANAGEMENT BOARD
Introduction
BBMB Satluj & Beas Basins
BhakraDam
FromWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia

BhakraDamisaconcretegravitydamacrossthe
SatlujRiverinBilaspur,HimachalPradeshin northernIndia.
BhakraDamhastenpowergeneratorswithfiveoneachside.
Thetwopowerhouseshaveatotalcapacityof1325MW.Thel
eft
powerhousecontain3x108MWand2x126MWFrancisturbi
neswhiletherighthas5x157MW
ThepowergeneratedatBhakraDamisdistributedamongpart
nerstatesofPunjab,Haryana,Rajasthan,
HimachalPradesh,ChandigarhandDelhi.
Ganguwal77.65MW,Kotla 77.65MWandAnandpur134MW
Power Generation at BBMB (Bhakra
Beas Management Board)
BBMB hydro projects were constructed between 1955 and 1978.
These projects comprise Bhakra Dam on river Sutlej with Power
Stations on left and right banks (1325 MW), irrigation channel
with two canal power houses (155 MW), Pong Dam on river Beas
with a power station (396 MW).
The annual power generation from these power stations is
between 10,000 to 14,000 GWh.BBMB hydro projects are
connected to the Northern Grid.
Importantly, the BBMB hydro projects provide invaluable peaking
power and serve as sources of emergency & black start power to
the Northern Grid of India.
SUBSTATION
SUBSTATION - A station in the power transmission system
at which electric power is transformed to a conveniently
used form.
The station may consist of transformers, switches, circuit
breakers and other auxilliary equipment.
Its main function is to receive energy transmitted at high
voltage from the generating station, by either step-up or
step-down the voltage to a value appropriate for local use
and provide facilities for switching.
Substations have some additional functions. Its provide
points where safety devices may be installed to disconnect
circuits or equipment in the event of trouble.
In Layman Launguage
An electrical substation takes electricity from a very
high voltage and lowers it to the voltage we use in our
homes & businesses
Think of it like a connector for different sized water
pipes.
Water comes from the water plant in very big pipes yet
it comes out in your watertaps in much smaller pipes.
Substations are monitored by remote control.
There are detectors for fire and line breaks.
A quick picture of how
substation works
TYPE OF SUBSTATION

Classification based on voltage levels, e.g. : A.C.

Substation : EHV, HV, MV, LV; HVDC Substation.

Classification based on Outdoor or Indoor :

Outdoor substation is under open sky. Indoor substation
is inside a building.

Classification based on configuration, e.g. :

Conventional air insulated outdoor substation or
SF6 Gas Insulated Substation (GIS)
Composite substations having combination of the
above two
SUBSTATION PARTS AND EQUIPMENTS

Outdoor Switchyard
Incoming Lines
Outgoing Lines
Bus bar
Transformers
Bus post insulator & string insulators
Substation Equipment such as Circuit-beakers,
Isolators, Earthing Switches, Surge Arresters, CTs,
VTs, Neutral Grounding equipment.
 Station Earthing system comprising ground mat,
risers, auxiliary mat, earthing strips, earthing spikes
& earth electrodes.
Overhead earth wire shielding against lightening
strokes.
Galvanised steel structures for towers, gantries,
equipment supports.
PLCC equipment including line trap, tuning unit,
coupling capacitor, etc.
Power cables
Control cables for protection and control
Roads, Railway track, cable trenches
Station illumination system
SINGLE LINE DIAGRAM
Batteries for industrial or
substation applications
Vented / Flooded Lead Acid batteries
Sealed maintenance free batteries/Valve Regulated
Lead Acid
Nickel Cadmium (Ni-cd) batteries
Standard voltage
Cable end termination
Breaker ACB/VCB/SF6/OCB
Mechanical, Electrical and Other Auxiliaries

Fire fighting system

D.G. Set
Oil purification system
SUBSTATION
HIGH VOLTAGE COMPONENTS
Typical Components of a Power Plant
Substation (Switchyard)

CONNECT A - Busbar

CONNECT & DIS-CONNECT B - Disconnector

CONNECT, DIS-CONNECT & DETECT C - Circuit Breaker

DETECT & TRANSFORM D - Current Transformer

DETECT & TRANSFORM E - Voltage Transformer

PROTECT & SAFETY F - Earthing Switch

PROTECT G - Surge Arrestor

A. BUSBAR
BUSBAR (or bus, for short) is a term we use for a
main bar or conductor carrying an electric current to
which many connection may be made.
In the switchyard or substation, buses are open to the
air.
Aluminum or copper conductors supported on porcelain
insulators, carry the electric energy from point to point.
Busbars
(long heavy
tube type)
B. DISCONNECTS
DISCONNECT is an easily removed piece of the actual
conductor of a circuit. The purpose of disconnects is to
isolate equipment.
Disconnects are not used to interrupt circuits; they are
no-load devices.
One error in isolation of equipment, or the accidental
grounding of line equipment, can be a fatal mistake.
A typical use of disconnects is to isolate a circuit
breaker by installing one disconnect on either side of
the circuit breaker (in series with the breaker).
 Disconnect Switch
( moving contact rod (A) &
contacts with flexible
fingers (B) )

B
A
C. CIRCUIT BREAKER
CIRCUIT BREAKER is used to interrupt circuits while
current is flowing through them.
The making and breaking of contacts in a Oil type circuit
breaker are done under oil, this oil serves to quench the
arc when the circuit is opened.
Some recently developed circuit breakers have no oil,
but put out the arc by a blast of compressed air; these
are called air circuit breakers.
Another type encloses the contacts in a vacuum or a
gas (sulfur hexafluoride, SF6) which tends to self
maintain the arc.
 Operating
Mechanism
Panel
Circuit Breakers
( Connected in a typical 3-
phase circuit )

Position
Indicator
D. CURRENT TRANSFORMER
CURRENT TRANSFORMER Current transformer are
used with ammeters, watt meters, power-factor meters,
watt-hour meters,compensators, protective and
regulating relays and the trip coil of circuit breakers.
One current transformer can be used to operate several
instruments, provided that the combined burden does
not exceed that for which the transformer is designed
and compensated.
The current transformer is connected directly in series
with the line.
E. VOLTAGE TRANSFORMER
VOLTAGE TRANSFORMER also know as potential
transformer
are used with volt-meters, wattmeters, watt-hour
meters, power-factor meters, frequency meters,
synchroscopes and synchronizing apparatus, protective
and regulating relays and the no-voltage and over-
voltage trip coils of automatic circuit breakers.
One transformer can be used for a number of
instruments at the same time if the total current taken
by the instrument does not exceed that for which the
transformer is designed and compensated.
The ordinary voltage transformer is connected across
F. EARTHING SWITCH
EARTHING SWITCH also known as ground
disconnect, which used to connects the equipment to a
grid of electrical conductors buried in the earth on the
station property.
It is intended to protect people working on the
grounded equipment.
It does this by completing a circuit path, thereby
reducing the voltage difference between the equipment
and its surroundings.
For safety reasons, it is important that ground
disconnects and all associated connections have good
contact and low resistance.
G. SURGE ARRESTOR
SURGE ARRESTOR are devices used to provide the necessary
path to ground for such surges, yet prevent any power current
from following the surge.
An ideal arrester must therefore have the following properties:
1. Ability to remove the surge energy from the line in a min. time.
2. High resistive to flow of power current.
3. A valve action automatically allowing surge to pass and then
closing up so as not to permit power current to flow to ground.
4. Always ready to perform.
5. Performance such that no system disturbances are introduced by
its operation.
6. Economically feasible
OVERHEAD GROUND WIRE
by a ground wire is meant a wire, generally of steel,
supported from the top of transmission-line towers and
solidly grounded at each tower.
It is considered a preventive device, but it does not
entirely prevent the formation of travelling waves on a
line.
Furthermore, those lines which are not equipped with
ground wires will be subjected to disturbances which
produce surges that must be allowed to escaped to
ground, or the apparatus connected to the line must be
strong enough to reflect or absorb these surges until
they are entirely damped out.
 PREVENTIVE
MAINTENANCE AND
SAFE OPERATION
 BUSBARS & OVERHEAD GROUND WIRE
At least once a year
Visual Inspection & Examination of all wiring
connectors.
Check Insulator , clean or apply HVIC if necessary.
Check the physical condition of bus (cables or bars)
For ground wire, check or test the grounding system.
 DISCONNECT & EARTHING SWITCHES
At least once a month
Visual Inspection.
Check heating resistor located at its control panel for proper
functioning.
At least once a year
Check disconnectors and earthing switches, joints and bearings
of the operating linkages for deformed bearing points.
Check all screwed joints for tight fit.
Clean insulators if necessary, when an excessive amount of dirt
has accumulated.
Carry-out the maintenance of operating mechanism.
 VOLTAGE TRANSFORMER
At least once a month
Inspect the voltage divider to be sure that no oil leak or
serious accumulation of soot, dust or salt composite is
present.
Inspect the intermediate voltage transformer and check
the minimum permissible oil level.
At least once a year
Check all screwed joints & contact for tight fit.
Clean insulators if necessary, when an excessive amount
of dirt has accumulated.
CURRENT TRANSFORMER
At least once a month
Visual Inspection to check oil level and defects or possible oil
leaks.
At least once a year
Check all screwed joints & contact for tight fit.
Clean insulators if necessary, when an excessive amount of
dirt has accumulated.
Check primary and secondary connectors and conduct
necessary tightening.
Note: Never open a secondary winding of a CT while on service.
 SURGE ARRESTOR
At least once a year
Visual Inspection & Examination of all wiring
connectors.
Check Insulator and metal circular ring, clean or apply
HVIC if necessary.
Check the physical condition of bus (cables or bars).
For ground wire, check or test the grounding system.
Note: Arrestors should never be touched unless
completely disconnected from all live lines and
equipment and effectively connected to ground at the
line side of the arrestor.