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    Congenital Heart Diseases

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    fahmi
    This document summarizes several common congenital heart diseases: atrial septal defect (ASD), ventricular septal defect (VSD), patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), coarctation of the aorta (COA), and tetralogy of Fallot (TOF). It describes the anatomy and clinical features of each condition. ASD and VSD involve holes between the heart chambers, PDA involves a persistent opening between arteries, COA involves narrowing of the aorta, and TOF involves four anatomical abnormalities. The document provides details on signs, symptoms, and treatments for each congenital heart disease.

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    Congenital Heart Diseases

    Uploaded by

    fahmi
    106 views21 pages
    This document summarizes several common congenital heart diseases: atrial septal defect (ASD), ventricular septal defect (VSD), patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), coarctation of the aorta (COA), and tetralogy of Fallot (TOF). It describes the anatomy and clinical features of each condition. ASD and VSD involve holes between the heart chambers, PDA involves a persistent opening between arteries, COA involves narrowing of the aorta, and TOF involves four anatomical abnormalities. The document provides details on signs, symptoms, and treatments for each congenital heart disease.

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    congenital heart disease

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    This document summarizes several common congenital heart diseases: atrial septal defect (ASD), ventricular septal defect (VSD), patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), coarctation of the aorta (COA), and tetralogy of Fallot (TOF). It describes the anatomy and clinical features of each condition. ASD and VSD involve holes between the heart chambers, PDA involves a persistent opening between arteries, COA involves narrowing of the aorta, and TOF involves four anatomical abnormalities. The document provides details on signs, symptoms, and treatments for each congenital heart disease.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    106 views21 pages

    Congenital Heart Diseases

    Uploaded by

    fahmi
    This document summarizes several common congenital heart diseases: atrial septal defect (ASD), ventricular septal defect (VSD), patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), coarctation of the aorta (COA), and tetralogy of Fallot (TOF). It describes the anatomy and clinical features of each condition. ASD and VSD involve holes between the heart chambers, PDA involves a persistent opening between arteries, COA involves narrowing of the aorta, and TOF involves four anatomical abnormalities. The document provides details on signs, symptoms, and treatments for each congenital heart disease.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 21

    Congenital heart

    diseases
    BY NUR FATIN NAJWA ROSLINORAZAM
    Contents

    Atrial septal defect (ASD)


    Ventricular septal defect (VSD)
    Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)
    Coarctation of aorta (COA)
    Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF)
    Atrial septal defect (ASD)

    ASD : a hole connects the atria (form at the interatrial septum)

    Results in shunting down of blood from left to right atrium and then to the right ventricle
    and pulmonary arteries.

    As a results there is gradual enlargement of the right side of the heart and pulmonary
    arteries.

    There may be pulmonary hypertension,cyanosis,arrhythmia,haemoptysis and chest pain.


    ASD (Clinical features)

    Usually asymptomatic
    Physical signs :wide fixed splitting of the 2nd heart sound and systolic
    flow murmur over pulmonary valve
    Investigations

    CXR
    ECG
    Echocardiography

    MANAGEMENT
    -Surgery
    Ventricular septal defects (VSD)

    A hole that connect the ventricles


    The oxygen-rich blood then gets pumped back to the lungs instead of
    out to the body, causing the heart to work harder.
    A small ventricular septal defect may cause no problems, and many
    small VSDs close on their own. Larger VSDs need surgical repair early in
    life to prevent complications.
    Clinical features

    Ventricular septal defect symptoms may include:


    Poor eating, failure to thrive
    Fast breathing or breathlessness
    Easy tiring
    In auscultation pansystolic murmur can be heard.
    Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)

    During fetal life,before lungs begin to function,most of the blood from


    the pulmonary artery passes through the ductus arteriosus into aorta.

    Normally the ductus closes soon after birth but sometimes it fails to do
    so.

    Since the pressure of aorta is higher than pulmonary artery there will
    be continuous left to right shunt.
    Clinical features

    Asymptomatic/Silent
    Dyspnea usually the first symptoms
    A continuous machinery murmur is heard
    Coarctation of aorta

    COA : Narrowing of the descending aorta


    Clinical features

    Radiofemoral delay/Radioradial delay


    Weak femoral pulse
    Increase BP
    Systolic murmur
    Investigations

    CXR
    CT-angio

    MANAGEMENT
    -Surgery/balloon dilatation/stenting
    Tetralogy Of Fallot (TOF)

    Most common cyanotic congenital heart disorder

    The 4 features typical TOF :


    1.Ventricular septal defect (VSD)
    2.Pulmonary stenosis
    3.Right ventricular hypertrophy
    4.Overriding aorta
    Clinical features
    In children:
    -Cyanosis
    -Restless and agitated,cry inconsolably
    -Toddlers may squat
    -Difficulty in feeding
    -Failure to thrive
    -Clubbing

    In adult:
    -Usually asymptomatic
    Dyspnea
    Palpitation
    Investigations

    CXR
    ECG
    Echocardiography
    Cardiac CT & MRI
    Management

    Give oxygen
    Knee-chest position
    Morphine
    B-blockers
    Endocarditis prophylaxis
    Surgery is the only cure.
    THANK YOU!

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