CH 5: Work, Energy and Power

Ch 5: Work, Energy and Power
Chapter 4 Work, Energy and Power
Work:
Work is done on an object whenever a force is exerted on an
object through some distance.
If the force is constant and parallel to the direction of
movement then:
W=Fd
W = 0, if d = 0
No work done if object
doesnt move.
W = 0, if F = 0
No work done, whenever
there is no force.
Work:
Work is done on an object whenever a force is exerted on an
object through some distance.
If the force is constant and parallel to the direction of
movement then:
W=Fd
W = 0, if
F is perpendicular to d
Examples:
A person pushes with a 40 lb force

for a distance of 100 ft. How much
work was done?
W=Fd
W = ( 40 lb ) ( 100 ft )
W = 4000 ft lb
Examples:
A person pushes with a 110 N force

for a distance of 30 m. How much
work was done?
W=Fd
W = ( 110 N ) ( 30 m )
W = 3300 N m
or
W = 3300 J 1 Joule (J) = 1 N m
Energy:
Energy is something that an object possesses.
The amount of energy that an object contains, is a measure of
how much work it is capable of doing.
Energy can be thought of as stored work (and it has the same
units as work).
There are many types of energy:

Kinetic Energy: A moving object is
capable of doing work due to its
motion.
This amount of work is called the
objects kinetic energy and it has a
specific size:
E K = 1 mv 2
2
Example:
What is the KE of 100 kg of

water moving at 1.2 m/sec?
1
EK = mv 2
2
1
EK = ( 100 kg ) ( 1.2 m/s ) 2
2
1
EK = ( 100 kg ) ( 1.44 m 2 /s 2 )
2
E K = 72 ( kg m2 )/s2
E K = 72 J
Types of energy:
Potential Energy: An object may

be capable of doing work by virtue
of its position relative to other
objects.
EP = m g h
Energy Equivalents: 130,000,000 J = ...
Chemical energy in one gallon of gasoline.
Chemical energy in 65 Big Macs.
Electrical energy consumed by a 200 watt color

TV in 7 days of constant operation.
Light energy in about 10 m 2 of sunlight over

4 hrs.
Kinetic energy of a 2000 kg car going 800
mi/hr, or enough for same car to repeat 0 to 80
mi/hr 100 times.
Nuclear energy released in fission of 2
milligrams of Uranium 235.
1
Kinetic Energy Fact: EK = mv 2
2
The kinetic energy increases dramatically with increasing speed.
If v doubles, then KE will increase by 4 times.
If v triples, then KE will increase by 9 times.
If v quadruples, then KE will increase by 16 times.

1
2
The kinetic energy increases dramatically with increasing speed.

4 x speed
35 mi/hr 70 mi/hr 140 mi/hr
16 x energy
1
2
The energy content of air is the same as water.
KEair = KEwater
1 2 1
mv = mv2
2 2
mv2 = mv2
2 2
(1.3 kg) va = (1000 kg) vw
va2 = (830) vw2
va = (29) vw
1
2
The energy content of 29 mi/hr air is the same as 1 mi/hr water.
29 mi/hr air = 1 mi/hr water

...

...
Power:
Power is the rate at which work is being done [or also the
rate at which energy is consumed].
W E
P = or P =
t t
Examples:
The minimum work required to

raise a 800 N person up 10 m, is:
W=Fd
W = (800 N) (10 m) = 8000 J
If this work is done in 60 sec, then

what is the power?
W 8000 J J
P = = = 133 = 133 watts
t 60 sec sec
or
1 hp
133 watts = 0.18 hp ( ~1/6 hp )
746 watt
Examples:
A Big Mac contains about 2,000,000 J

of chemical energy. If all this energy
could be used to power a 60 watt light
bulb, how long could it run?
E
P =
t
E 2,000,000 J
t = =
P 60 watt
J
t = 33,000
J/sec
t = 33,000 sec ( ~ 9 hr )
Examples:
How much work is required to lift a 200 N

weight a distance of 0.5 m, a total of 40 times.
1 time: W = F d = (200 N) (0.5 m) = 100 J
40 times: W40 = 40 x W1 = (40) (100 J) = 4000 J
This can be converted to food calories:
1 Calorie
4000 J = 0.95 Calorie
4200 J
Examples:
How much work is required to lift a 200 N

weight a distance of 0.5 m, a total of 40 times.
This can be converted to food calories:
1 Calorie
4000 J = 0.95 Calorie
4200 J
However, the human body is only

about 4% efficient, so to do 1 Cal.
of work uses about 25 Cal. of food.
Conservation Laws
General Format:
The total amount of in a closed system, never changes.
Quantities that can fill the

blank:
Mass
10 kg 10 kg
Conservation Laws

blank:
Mass
Energy
Conservation Laws

blank:
Mass
Energy
Electric Charge
Linear Momentum
Angular Momentum
(the amount of rotational/spin motion in a system)

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Ch 5: Work, Energy and Power

Chapter 4 Work, Energy and Power

A person pushes with a 40 lb force

A person pushes with a 110 N force

There are many types of energy:

What is the KE of 100 kg of

Potential Energy: An object may

Energy Equivalents: 130,000,000 J = ...

Chemical energy in one gallon of gasoline.

Chemical energy in 65 Big Macs.

Electrical energy consumed by a 200 watt color

Light energy in about 10 m 2 of sunlight over

The kinetic energy increases dramatically with increasing speed.

If v doubles, then KE will increase by 4 times.

If v triples, then KE will increase by 9 times.

If v quadruples, then KE will increase by 16 times.

The kinetic energy increases dramatically with increasing speed.

35 mi/hr 70 mi/hr 140 mi/hr

The energy content of air is the same as water.

va2 = (830) vw2

The energy content of 29 mi/hr air is the same as 1 mi/hr water.

29 mi/hr air = 1 mi/hr water

145 mi/hr air = 5 mi/hr water

The minimum work required to

W = (800 N) (10 m) = 8000 J

If this work is done in 60 sec, then

A Big Mac contains about 2,000,000 J

How much work is required to lift a 200 N

1 time: W = F d = (200 N) (0.5 m) = 100 J

40 times: W40 = 40 x W1 = (40) (100 J) = 4000 J

This can be converted to food calories:

How much work is required to lift a 200 N

This can be converted to food calories:

However, the human body is only

The total amount of in a closed system, never changes.

Quantities that can fill the

Quantities that can fill the

Quantities that can fill the

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