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    3 Gravity Correction

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    Sandeep Meena
    1) The free-air correction adjusts observed gravity readings to a common elevation (usually sea level) by adding or subtracting 0.3086 times the elevation difference in meters. 2) To achieve a precision of 0.01 mgals, station elevations need to be known within 3 cm, requiring careful surveying which is a primary cost of high-precision gravity surveys. 3) The Bouguer correction accounts for the attraction of material between stations and the datum plane, calculated as 0.04191 times the elevation difference in meters and applied opposite to the free-air correction.

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    3 Gravity Correction

    Uploaded by

    Sandeep Meena
    228 views6 pages
    1) The free-air correction adjusts observed gravity readings to a common elevation (usually sea level) by adding or subtracting 0.3086 times the elevation difference in meters. 2) To achieve a precision of 0.01 mgals, station elevations need to be known within 3 cm, requiring careful surveying which is a primary cost of high-precision gravity surveys. 3) The Bouguer correction accounts for the attraction of material between stations and the datum plane, calculated as 0.04191 times the elevation difference in meters and applied opposite to the free-air correction.

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    1) The free-air correction adjusts observed gravity readings to a common elevation (usually sea level) by adding or subtracting 0.3086 times the elevation difference in meters. 2) To achieve a precision of 0.01 mgals, station elevations need to be known within 3 cm, requiring careful surveying which is a primary cost of high-precision gravity surveys. 3) The Bouguer correction accounts for the attraction of material between stations and the datum plane, calculated as 0.04191 times the elevation difference in meters and applied opposite to the free-air correction.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    228 views6 pages

    3 Gravity Correction

    Uploaded by

    Sandeep Meena
    1) The free-air correction adjusts observed gravity readings to a common elevation (usually sea level) by adding or subtracting 0.3086 times the elevation difference in meters. 2) To achieve a precision of 0.01 mgals, station elevations need to be known within 3 cm, requiring careful surveying which is a primary cost of high-precision gravity surveys. 3) The Bouguer correction accounts for the attraction of material between stations and the datum plane, calculated as 0.04191 times the elevation difference in meters and applied opposite to the free-air correction.

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    2-Free Air correction.

    To apply an elevation correction to our observed gravity, we need to know the


    elevation of every gravity station. If this is known, we can correct all of the observed
    gravity readings to a common elevation16 (usually chosen to be sea level) by adding
    -0.3086 times the elevation of the station in meters to each reading. Given the
    relatively large size of the expected corrections, how accurately do we actually need
    to know the station elevations?
    If we require a precision of 0.01 mgals, then relative station elevations need to be
    known to about 3 cm. To get such a precision requires very careful location
    surveying to be done. In fact, one of the primary costs of a high-precision gravity
    survey is in obtaining the relative elevations needed to compute the Free-Air
    correction.

    a- It is a correction for change in elevation.


    b- F.A. is calculated by
    F. A. = 0.3086 x h mgal/m
    c- The F.A.C. is added to the field reading when the station is above the datum and
    subtracted when below.
    1
    2 3
    4 7
    1 6 8
    5 9 10 Datum

    For Stations 1,2,3,4,7 F.A.C. is added


    For Stations 5,9,10 F.A.C. is Subtracted
    For Stations 6,8 F.A.C. is Zero

    3- Bouguer correction.
    1- It is account for attraction of materials between the stations and the datum plane.
    2- We have to consider that the stations are located on a plateau of horizontal extent
    has uniform thickness and density.
    3- B.C. is calculated by
    B.C. = 0.04191 ph mgal
    4- B.C is applied in the opposite sense to F.A.C. , it is subtracted when the stations
    Are above the datum and vice versa.

    2
    Also notice that to apply the Bouguer Slab correction we need to know the
    elevations of all of the observation points and the density of the slab used to
    approximate the excess mass. In choosing a density, use an average density for
    the rocks in the survey area. For a density of 2.67 gm=cm3, the Bouguer Slab
    Correction is about 0:11 mgals=m.
    3
    2 3 7
    4
    1 6 8
    5 9 10 Datum

    For Stations 1,2,3,4,7 B.C. is Subtracted


    For Stations 5,9,10 B.C. is added
    For Stations 6,8 B.C. is Zero
    4- Terrain correction.
    1- It is applied only in mountainous area.
    2- The reading is applied to surface irregularity in the vicinity of the station.
    3- The measurements decreases in both cases :
    a- Upward attraction due to hill.
    b- Downward attraction due to valleys.
    4- The terrain correction is always added.

    4
    Like Bouguer Slab Corrections, when computing Terrain Corrections we need to
    assume an average density for the rocks exposed by the surrounding topography.
    Usually, the same density is used for the Bouguer and the Terrain Corrections. Thus
    far, it appears as though applying Terrain Corrections may be no more difficult than
    applying the Bouguer Slab Corrections. Unfortunately, this is not the case.

    5- Latitude correction.
    1- It is caused by both rotation of the earth and its slight equatorial bulge.
    2- It is calculated by:
    L.C.= 0.812 Sin 2 mgal/km.

    3- The maximum value occurs at latitude 45.


    4- L.C. equal to zero at equator and pole.
    5- The correction is added as we moved toward the equator.
    6- Earth Tide correction.
    1- It is the change of gravity due to movement of the sun and moon.
    2- These variation has amplitude as large as 0.3 mgal.
    3- The amplitude depend on latitude and time. 5
    7- Isostatic correction.
    1- If the crust has no lateral variation in density then,
    g observed = g theoretical
    2- Gravity anomaly is created due to variation of lateral density.
    3- Isostatic correction is of secondary importance in gravity prospecting.

    Bouguer gravity.
    It is observed gravity after corrections.

    B.G g B gobs g F g B gT g L
    Some time free air anomaly is calculated:

    g F g obs g F
    Bouguer anomaly can be obtained by:

    g B g B gtheori.
    6

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