Kuliah Penyakit Sistem SARAF
Kuliah Penyakit Sistem SARAF
Kuliah Penyakit Sistem SARAF
SISTEM MUSCULOSCELETAL
SISTEM SARAF
TULANG
SENDI
BURSA
SERABUT SARAF TENDO
SARAF PUSAT MOTOR END PLATE
LIGAMENTUM
OTOT
SARAF TEPI OTOT
SARAF OTONOM
Nervous System Anatomy
Divisions of the nervous system:
Central Nervous System
Brain and spinal cord
Peripheral Nervous System
Peripheral nerves
Autonomic Nervous System
Symphathetic nervous system
Parasympathetic nervous system
KOMPONEN NEUROMUSCULER
Myasthenia
stumbling
foot drop
loss of dexterity
weakened grip
cramps
change of voice quality
slurred speech
early swallowing difficulties
muscle wasting
fatigue
Adult-onset motor neuron disease
Progressive degeneration & loss of motor
function
Called Lou Gehrigs Disease (1941)
Males between 50-60 Years old
About 6/100,000 adult population in US
25,000-30,000 cases total in US
SYMPTOM : progressive muscle weakness,
atrophy, and fasciculations (twitching)
Eventual involvement of mouth, respiratory
muscles, end-stage is complete paralysis
75-80% begin with limb involvement
Slurred speech, hoarseness, dysphagia,
tripping & stumbling, trouble with usual
daily activities
Neuropati perifer
Trigeminal neuralgia
Post Herpetik neuralgia
Diabetik Neuropati
Guillain Barre Syndrome (polyneuropathy)
Carpal tunnel syndrome (mono neuropathy)
Lepra
Defisiensi vitamin B1
Definisi GBS :
Penyakit autoimun yang ditandai demyelinasi akut,
yang terutama mengenai susunan saraf tepi.
Epidemiologi GBS
1- 4 kasus/100.000
Paling banyak pada pria
Meningkat sesuai usia
Insidennya bervariasi sesuai musim
- Gangguan Motorik:
paralisis yang progressif, simetris pada extremitas
bawah dan atas, bersifat asendern
dimulai dari distal ke proksimal
- Gangguan sensibilitas: Stocking, dan glove
sensory loss (dysesthesia)
- Gangguan otonom:
penyebab kematian
NEUROMUSCULER JUNCTION
Release of acetylcholine:
Botulism (toxin = endopeptidase targeting various
proteins mediating exocytosis)
Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome (antibodies
to voltage-gated calcium channel)
Acetylcholine receptor blockade:
Myasthenia gravis (antibodies to ACh receptor)
Neuromuscular junction
Myasthenia gravis
Lambert-Eaton Myasthenic syndrome
Tetanus
Botulism
Myasthenia Gravis
Kelemahan yang berfluktuasi
Mata: ptosis, diplopia
Bulbar weakness: dysarthria,
dysphagia
Kelemahan otot proksimal
Kelemahan respirasi
Penyakit autoimun pada transmisi
Normal reflexes neuromuskular junction yang diakibatkan
Normal sensation oleh antibodi yang menyerang reseptor
asetilkolin atau melawan muscle spesific
Berkaitan dg thymoma receptor tyrosine kinase
Berkaitan dg penyakit autoimun
PENYAKIT OTOT (miopati)
Terdapat kelemahan, kelelahan, atrofi,
lembeknya otot skelet, kram otot, nyeri, pegal
Kelemahan : proksimal dan simetris
Reflex normal (sering menurun)
Sensibilitas normal
Acquired Myopathy
Inflammatory : Toxic :
Polymyositis Steroid
Dermatomyositis Statins
Infection : Trypthan
Bacterial pyomyositis Alcohol
Viral infection Associated systemic dis:
Thyroid
SLE
Rhematoid artritis
Inherited Myopathies
Muscular dystrophy Metabolic myopathy:
Duchane muscular Glycogen storage
dystrophy disorder
Myotonic dystrophy Carnitine deficiency
Limb girdle muscular Fatty acid oxidation
dystrophy defect
Congenital myopathy: Mitochondrial
Nemaline myopathy myopathy:
Central core myopathy Progressive external
opthalmoplegia
Myopathy: symptoms
Muscle Weakness
Proximal Muscles>distal muscles
Fatigue
Difficulty rising from a chair, floor, tub
Difficulty with stairs
Difficulty with overhead tasks
Respiratory muscles
Bulbar weakness- speech, swallowing,
oculomotor, facial
Myopathy: symptoms
Pain
Mostly with inflammatory
and metabolic
High serum CK level
Aching, dull, cramping
Patients will say: sore,
ache, spasm
No numbness or paresthesias
Duchenne Musculer Dystrophy