This document provides an introduction to Java applets. It discusses that applets are small programs that can be embedded in web pages and run in web browsers when the page loads. Applets are built using the Applet or JApplet classes and are usually graphical, allowing user interaction. The document also covers key classes used in applets like AWT and Swing, how to declare an applet class, and how to embed an applet in an HTML page so it will run when the page loads.
This document provides an introduction to Java applets. It discusses that applets are small programs that can be embedded in web pages and run in web browsers when the page loads. Applets are built using the Applet or JApplet classes and are usually graphical, allowing user interaction. The document also covers key classes used in applets like AWT and Swing, how to declare an applet class, and how to embed an applet in an HTML page so it will run when the page loads.
This document provides an introduction to Java applets. It discusses that applets are small programs that can be embedded in web pages and run in web browsers when the page loads. Applets are built using the Applet or JApplet classes and are usually graphical, allowing user interaction. The document also covers key classes used in applets like AWT and Swing, how to declare an applet class, and how to embed an applet in an HTML page so it will run when the page loads.
This document provides an introduction to Java applets. It discusses that applets are small programs that can be embedded in web pages and run in web browsers when the page loads. Applets are built using the Applet or JApplet classes and are usually graphical, allowing user interaction. The document also covers key classes used in applets like AWT and Swing, how to declare an applet class, and how to embed an applet in an HTML page so it will run when the page loads.
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Java Applets
Introduction to Java Applet
Programs Applications are stand alone programs executed with Java interpreter
Applet is a small program
can be placed on a web page will be executed by the web browser give web pages dynamic content
2 Java Applets Builtusing one of general definitions of applets Applet class JAapplet class Java applets are usually graphical Draw graphics in a defined screen area Enable user interaction with GUI elements
3 Java Applet Classes Abstract Windowing Toolkit AWT Earlier versions of Java Applet class is one of the AWT components Java Foundation Classes JFC Extension to Java in 1997 Has a collection of Swing components for enhanced GUIs Swing component classes begin with J
4 Java Applets Applets are Java programs that can be embedded in HTML documents To run an applet you must create a .html file which references the applet Ready to Program also will run an applet When browser loads Web page containing applet Applet downloads into Web browser begins execution Can be tested using appletviewer program 5 Contrast Application with Applet Application Applet
Object class extended JApplet class extended
Class not declared public class declared to be public Has a main() init() instead of main() static keyword used init() not declared with static keyword Uses System.exit(1)
6 Applet Declaration Syntax(note difference from application declaration) public class ClassName extends JAapplet
ClassName is an object that will be a subclass of JApplet
7 Body of an Applet Note there is no main() method in an applet JApplet class provides other methods instead of a main method First method executed is the init() method
8 Applets Applet Program that runs in appletviewer (test utility for applets) Web browser (IE, Communicator) Executes when HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) document containing applet is opened Applications run in command windows Notes Focus on fundamental programming concepts first Explanations will come later
9 Applets and Web Pages HTML Applets embedded in a web page Executed when web page loaded by browser Web pages structured with HTML codes HyperText Mark-up Language
Syntax Turns format on
<command> . . . </command> Turns the format off
10 Applets and Web Pages HTML Embedding Java applets Insert applet tags <APPLET> </APPLET> Call the specific applet by its file name <APPLET CODE = "Whatever.class" WIDTH = nnn HEIGHT = mmmm> <\APPLET> Where nnn and mmm are specific pixel sizes
11 Applets and Web Pages HTML Create the web page code using a text editor <HTML> Save it with an <HEAD> .html suffix </HEAD> Open this file with appletviewer or with <BODY> a web browser that <APPLET CODE = . . . > supports Java </APPLET> Java Plug-in must be installed (part of </BODY> J2SDK 1.4.1 from </HTML> Sun) 12 Applets and Web Pages HTML Client Web browser anywhere can access this web page from its host server Embedded Java applet runs on client browser (of any type platform) This means a client anywhere on any type of platform can run a piece of software developed on any other type of platform
Platform Independence 13 Thinking About Objects Java an object-oriented language However, Java has constructs from structured programming Object orientation Natural way to think about world and writing computer programs Object-oriented programming models the real world Attributes - properties of objects Size, shape, color, weight, etc. Behaviors - actions that objects can perform A ball rolls, bounces, inflates and deflates
14 Thinking About Objects Object orientation (continued) Inheritance New classes of objects absorb characteristics of existing classes Information hiding Objects usually do not know how other objects are implemented We can drive cars without knowing how every part works internally
15 Thinking About Objects Class - unit of Java programming Java focuses on nouns (classes) C focuses on verbs and is action oriented Contain methods Implement behaviors Contain data Implement attributes Classes are reusable Standardized, interchangeable parts
16 A Simple Java Applet: Drawing a String Figure 3.6 a welcome message applet The .html code to run the applet in a browser <html> <applet code = "WelcomeApplet.class" width = "300" height = "45"> </applet> </html>
The program output shown in the Applet
Viewer 17 Running the Applet Compile Use Ready to Program If no errors, bytecodes stored in WelcomeApplet.class We must create an HTML file Loads the applet into appletviewer or a browser Ends in .htm or .html To execute an applet Create an HTML file indicating which applet the browser (or appletviewer) should load and execute
18 Running the Applet - Alternatively Run from within Ready to Program Prompt for applet window size appears Applet window runs
19 import allows us to use predefined classes (allowing us to use applets and graphics, in this case).
extends allows us to inherit the
capabilities of class JApplet.
Method paint is guaranteed to
be called in all applets. Its first line must be defined as above.
20 Running An Applet import java.applet.Applet; import java.awt.Graphics;
public class HelloApplet extends Applet {
public void paint (Graphics g) { g.drawString ("Hello. Welcome to",25,25); g.drawString ("Java Programming",25,40); } } Enter this text into your Ready to Program editor Compile the Java code
21 Running An Applet Now create an .html file to run the applet <html> <applet code = "HelloApplet.class" width=275, height = 100> </applet> </html>
Save it as HelloApplet.html Make sure you save it in the same directory as the .java file
