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The Fire Hazard: Mr. Mark Teodoro, RN Instructor Mrs. Marilyn U. Pusta, RM Mrs. Stella F. Diuyan, RM BSM IV Student

The document discusses different types of fires including wildfires, building fires, and classes of fires. Wildfires can be caused by nature such as lightning or lava, but about 90% are started by human causes like unattended campfires, discarded cigarettes, or arson. Building fires are often caused by cooking, heating systems, electrical malfunctions, or other unintentional fires. Fires require four key elements - fuel, heat, oxygen, and a chemical chain reaction - as represented by the fire tetrahedron. The document provides information on fire prevention and safety.

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Mark Elben
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79 views24 pages

The Fire Hazard: Mr. Mark Teodoro, RN Instructor Mrs. Marilyn U. Pusta, RM Mrs. Stella F. Diuyan, RM BSM IV Student

The document discusses different types of fires including wildfires, building fires, and classes of fires. Wildfires can be caused by nature such as lightning or lava, but about 90% are started by human causes like unattended campfires, discarded cigarettes, or arson. Building fires are often caused by cooking, heating systems, electrical malfunctions, or other unintentional fires. Fires require four key elements - fuel, heat, oxygen, and a chemical chain reaction - as represented by the fire tetrahedron. The document provides information on fire prevention and safety.

Uploaded by

Mark Elben
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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THE FIRE HAZARD

Mr. Mark Teodoro, RN


Instructor

Mrs. Marilyn U. Pusta, RM


Mrs. Stella F. Diuyan, RM
BSM IV Student
FIRE HAZARD
A material, substance, or action that
increases the likelihood of an accidental
fire occurring.
the large number of dead trees poses a
fire hazard
smoking in toilets is a fire hazard
WILDFIRE
an uncontrollable fire that
destroys a wide area
a fire in a wild area (such as a forest) that
is not controlled and that can burn a
large area very quickly
Wildfire Causes
Wildfires can be caused by naturelike lava or
lightningbut most are caused by humans.
Humans and Wildfire
As many as 90 percent of wildland fires in the United
States are caused by humans. Some human-
caused fires result from campfires left unattended,
the burning of debris, negligently discarded
cigarettes and intentional acts of arson. The
remaining 10 percent are started by lightning or
lava.
Cigarettes are one way humans can cause fires.
Nature and Wildfire
Lightning is described as having two
componentsleaders and strokes. The leader
is the probing feeler sent from the cloud. The
return streaks of light are a series of strokes
that produce the actual lightning bolt or flash
that we see.
There are two types of lightningcold lightning
and hot lightning. Cold lightning is a return
stroke with intense electrical current but of
relatively short duration. Hot lightning has
currents with less voltage, but these occur for a
longer period of time. Fires are usually started
by unusually long-lasting hot lightning bolts.
Effects of Wildfires
Loss of Ecosystems and Biodiversity
Wildfires destroy the habitats and the intricate
relationships of diverse flora and fauna leading
to loss of ecosystems and biodiversity.
Wildfires simply damage the habitable and
adaptable land for specific animal and plant
species. It alters or kills the plant life features
which support thousands of wildlife thereby
forcing the animals out of the regions or even
killing them.
Smaller and rare animals including birds,
squirrels, insects, rabbits, and snakes
are mainly at high risks of death,
whereas some plant species are burnt to
ashes. Besides, wildfires can even lead
to extinction for certain animals.
BUILDING FIRE
A structure fire is a fire involving the structural
components of various types of residential,
commercial or industrial buildings.
Residentialbuildings range from single-family
detached homes and townhouses to
apartments and tower blocks, or various
commercial buildings ranging from offices to
shopping malls.
National estimates for the leading causes of fires in residential
buildings for 2015, the most recent year for which data are
available, are:
1. Cooking: 193,400 fires.
2. Heating: 41,200 fires.
3. Electrical malfunction: 24,500 fires.
4. Other unintentional,careless: 24,500 fires.
Overall trends in the leading fire causes for the 10-year period
of 2006 to 2015 show: Cooking as the leading cause of
residential building fires for the 10-year period. A 21
percent increase in residential cooking fires. (This is likely
due to an NFIRS coding edit implemented in 2012.) A 20
percent decrease in residential heating fires. A 26 percent
decrease in residential electrical malfunction fires. An 8
percent decrease in residential other unintentional or
careless fires.
INFORMATION AND PREVENTION

WOOD/COAL/PELLET STOVES OR FIREPLACE INSERTS


MAKE SURE YOUR STOVE OR INSERT HAS A UL LABEL ON IT.
MAKE SURE YOUR STOVE WAS INSTALLED PROPERLY BY A
CONTRACTOR, ACCORDING TO NFPA STANDARDS FOR
PROPER CLEARANCES, FLOOR COVERING, WALL COVERING,
FLUE AND CHIMNEY.
MAKE SURE YOUR CHIMNEY IS CLEANED REGULARLY,
ESPECIALLY AT BEGINNING OF THE SEASON.
NEVER USE HOMEMADE STOVES, WHICH ARE A COMMON
CAUSE OF FIRES.
DONT INSTALL OR USE STOVES IN A GARAGE; THEY CAN
CONTACT COMBUSTIBLE MATERIALS MORE READILY.
CANDLES/POTPOURRI BURNERS
BURN CANDLES AND POTPOURRI ONLY WHEN YOU ARE IN
THE ROOM.
KEEP OPEN FLAMES AWAY FROM CURTAINS AND OTHER
Outside Burning and Bonfires
Dont start open fires when ground and surrounding vegetation is
dry.
Dont burn when winds are stronger than a gentle breeze.
Always have a strong water source ready in case a fire begins to
get out of control.
Stay with the fire at all times.
When finished, rake through the ashes to ensure that all coals are
cooled.

Other Considerations
Make sure all outside antennas are properly grounded.
Install lightning rods to reduce possibility of fire by lightning strike.
Be sure that your homes wiring is updated and adequate to
handle electrical loads.
Dont overload circuits. Breakers trip and fuses blow when
overloaded.
If you have an older heating system, get it checked by a
professional for safety.
FIRE TETRAHEDRON

the fire tetrahedron is a four-sided geometric


representation of the four factors necessary
for fire: fuel (any substance that can undergo
combustion), heat (heat energy sufficient to
release vapor from the fuel and cause
ignition), oxidizing agent (air containing
oxygen), and uninhibited chemical chain
reaction.
Information about the Fire
Triangle/Tetrahedron and Combustion
In order to understand how fire extinguishers
work, you first need to know a little about
combustion. Unfortunately, it is impossible in this
short introduction to completely describe all the
complex chemical and physical reactions that
take place during a fire. However this page will
attempt to introduce the fundamental theories of
fire and explosion.
Classes of fire
Combustible and flammable fuels involved in fires
have been broken down into five categories:
Class A fires are fires involving organic solids like
paper, wood, Esc
Class B fires are fires involving flammable Liquids
Class C fires are fires involving flammable Gasses
Class D fires are fires involving Metals
Class F fires are fires involving Cooking oils.
Fire safety

at its most basic, is based upon the principle


keeping fuel sources and ignition
sources separate.
THANK YOU.THANK YOU..THANK.
YOU

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