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Coastal Structures

The document summarizes different types of coastal structures, their objectives, and principal functions. It describes various structures like sea dikes, seawalls, revetments, groins, breakwaters, storm surge barriers, and jetties that are built for purposes such as preventing coastal erosion, increasing access, sheltering harbors, and protecting against flooding and storm surges. Diagrams provide examples of structural designs and properties of different coastal structures. The document references several other sources for additional information.

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Dara Faye Fajarda
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567 views27 pages

Coastal Structures

The document summarizes different types of coastal structures, their objectives, and principal functions. It describes various structures like sea dikes, seawalls, revetments, groins, breakwaters, storm surge barriers, and jetties that are built for purposes such as preventing coastal erosion, increasing access, sheltering harbors, and protecting against flooding and storm surges. Diagrams provide examples of structural designs and properties of different coastal structures. The document references several other sources for additional information.

Uploaded by

Dara Faye Fajarda
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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COASTAL STRUCTURES

INTRODUCTION

Coastal structures can be anything man-made in the coastal


area. They are constructed primarily to protect the coast line.
Coastal structure can modify flood levels, wave effects and
topography, both landward, seaward and adjacent to the structure,
and must be considered during the mapping of coastal flood hazards.
FUNCTION

Water resources engineers build these structures to:


slow down or prevent coastal erosion (for
example, groins and sea walls)
increase access or mooring sites (for example, marinas,
bridges, causeways and boat ramps)
support coastal subdivisions (for example, power
poles and storm water pipes).
More than 70 percent of all coastal structures are on the shoreline
for protection from probable damage by storm surge or coastal
erosion called Shoreline protection.
TYPES OF COASTAL
STRUCTURES
Type of Structure Objective Principal Function

Prevent or alleviate flooding by the sea Separation of shoreline from hinterland


Sea dike
of low-lying land areas by a high impermeable structure

Protect land and structures from Reinforcement of some part of the beach
Seawall
flooding and overtopping profile

Reinforcement of some part of the beach


Revetment Protect the shoreline against erosion
profile

Retain soil and prevent sliding of the


Bulkhead Reinforcement of the soil bank
land behind
SEA DIKE NEAR WESTKAPELLE ESPLANADE SEAWALL IN
(THE NETHERLANDS) WALVIS BAY

GREAT WALL OF LAGOS SEA REVETMENT YORK COUNTY, VIRGINIA


Type of Structure. Objective Principal Function

Reduction of longshore transport of


Groin Prevent beach erosion
sediment

Accumulation of beach material on the


Beach drain Prevent beach erosion
drained portion of beach

Beach Artificial infill of beach and dune material


Prevent beach erosion and protect
nourishment and to be eroded by waves and currents in lieu
against flooding
dune construction of natural supply

Submerged sill Prevent beach erosion Retard offshore movement of sediment


GROIN AT THE BALTIC SEA MARTHAS VINEYARD, MASSACHUSETTS

PRENTICE AVENUE BOAT


COLLAROY BEACH, NORTHERN LAUNCH
SYDNEY ASHLAND, WISCONSIN
Type of Structure Objective Principal Function

Breakwater Shelter harbor basins, harbor entrances, Dissipation of wave energy and/or
and water intakes against waves and reflection of wave energy back into the sea
currents

Reduction of wave heights in the lee of the


Detached
Prevent beach erosion structure and reduction of longshore
breakwater
transport of sediment

Reef breakwater Prevent beach erosion Reduction of wave heights at the shore

Floating Shelter harbor basins and mooring Reduction of wave heights by reflection
breakwater areas against short-period waves and attenuation
BREAKWATER, ROXAS BOULEVARD,
MANILA, PHILIPPINES REEF BREAKWATER TEXAS WEST BAY

DETACHED BREAKWATERS NORTH FLOATING BREAKWATER (FEZZANO,ITALY)


OF THE HERZLIYA MARINA ISRAEL
Type of Structure Objective Principal Function

Stabilize navigation channels at river Confine streams and tidal flow. Protect
Jetty
mouths and tidal inlets against storm water and crosscurrents

Protect coastal structures against Provide resistance to erosion caused by


Scour protection
instability caused by seabed scour waves and current

Storm surge Separation of estuary from the sea by


Protect estuaries against storm surges
barrier movable locks or gates

Pipeline outfall Transport of fluids Gravity-based stability


JETTY PORT , BALESIN THE FULLY INFLATED "BALGSTUW" AT
ISLAND, PHILIPPINES RAMSPOL, THE NETHERLANDS

THE GABION MATTRESSES ACT AS A


SCOUR PROTECTION TO PREVENT UNDERMINING
OF GABION RETAINING STRUCTURES IN COASTAL
OR RIVER APPLICATIONS AND AS A FOUNDATION.
STRUCTURAL PROPERTIES
Figure VI-2-1. Example of asphalt-armored sea dike

Figure VI-2-2. Example of grass-armored sea dike design from the North Sea coast of Denmark
Figure VI-2-3. Examples of sloping front Figure VI-2-4. Examples of sloping-front
rubble-mound sea wall/revetment structures seawalls/revetments with pattern-placed
concrete armor units
Figure VI-2-5. Examples of sloping front Figure VI-2-8. Typical beach
seawalls/revetments with fixed surfaces configuration with groins
of asphalt and in situ cast concrete
Figure VI-2-7. Example of a
vertical front seawall

Figure VI-2-6. Examples of sloping front revetment


designs from the Danish North Sea coast (Danish
Coast Authority)
Figure VI-2-11. Conventional multilayer
rubble-mound breakwater

Figure VI-2-10. Typical beach configurations with


detached nearshore breakwaters
Figure VI-2-13. Example of rubble-mound
breakwater with concrete superstructure
Figure VI-2-12. Rubble-mound structures
with S-shaped and bermed fronts

Figure VI-2-14. Reshaping rubble-


Figure VI-2-15. Example of reef mound breakwater
breakwater
Figure VI-2-16. Conventional caisson
Figure VI-2-17. vertical composite breakwater with vertical front
caisson

Figure VI-2-18. Horizontal composite caisson


breakwater
Figure VI-2-20. Perforated Figure VI-2-22. Example of
front wall caisson breakwater piled breakwater

Figure VI-2-21. Example of blockwork breakwater


Figure VI-2-23. Storm surge barrier proposed for the Venice Lagoon
MAIN TYPES OF ARMOR UNITS
REFERENCES
Burcharth 1983
Burcharth, H. F. 1983. Materials, Structural Design of Armour Units, Proceedings of Seminar on
Rubble Mound Breakwaters, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden, Bulletin No.
TRITA-VBI-120.
Burcharth and Thompson 1983
Burcharth, H. F., and Thompson, A. C. 1983. Stability of Armour Units in Oscillatory Flow,
Proceedings of Coastal Structures 83, American Society of Civil Engineers, pp 71-82.
Burcharth 1984
Burcharth, H. F. 1984. Fatigue in Breakwater Concrete Armour Units, Proceedings of the 19th
International Conference on Coastal Engineering, American Society of Civil Engineers, Vol. 3, pp
2592-2607.
Burcharth 1993
Burcharth, H. F. 1993. Structural Integrity and Hydraulic Stability of Dolos Armour Layers,
Doctoral Thesis (Series Paper 9), Department of Civil Engineering, Aalborg University, Aalborg,
Denmark.
Burcharth, H. F., & A. Hughes, S. (2003). Types and Functions of Coastal Structures. In Coastal
Engineering Manual (Vol. 6, Chapter 2, pp. VI-2-i - VI-2-44). Vicksburg, Mississippi: Coastal Engineering
Research Center.

Burcharth, et al. 1995


Burcharth, H. F., Jensen, M. S., Liu, Z., Van der Meer, J. W., and DAngremond, K. 1995. Design Formula
for Tetrapod Breakage, Proceedings of the Final Workshop, Rubble Mound Breakwater Failure Modes,
Sorrento, Italy.

Melby 1993
Melby, J. A. 1993. Dolos Design Procedure Based on Crescent City Prototype Data, Technical Report CERC-
93-10, U.S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station, Coastal Engineering Research Center,
Vicksburg, MS.

Price 1979
Price, W. A. 1979. Static Stability of Rubble Mound Breakwaters, Dock and Harbour Authority, Vol. LX
(702).

https://www.devoran-garden-gabions.co.uk/devoran-gabion-mattresses/

https://www.google.com.ph/

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