Made By:

Er. Mehak Sood

Assistant Professor (Computer Science Engineering)
University Institute of Applied Science
Property is creation of wealth by an individual
which he can use and enjoy to the exclusion
of others.
Intellectual property is property that arises
from human intellect. It is product of human
creation.
Improvement or invention is result of
intellectual exercise of a person.
Property Intellectual Property

Movable , Immovable Abstract form

Tangible Intangible

Commodities, Products, land & Ideas , Design, Poems , Music

buildings.
The right of an individual not to have his new
product or process of making a product
copied by others is known as intellectual
property right as his invention is treated as
his intellectual property.
To prevent the efforts of inventor proved as
worthless by copying.
Intellectual property right drives
competitiveness & encourage innovation.
For the benefit of inventor.
Enforced Intellectual property rights protect
consumers.
Legal Protection of Intellectual Property

Patents exclusive rights to a new product,

process, substance or design.
Copyrights exclusive rights to artistic, dramatic,
and musical works.
Trademarks exclusive rights to words,
symbols or other marks to
distinguish goods and services;
trademarks are registered
with the Patent Office.
Trade Secrets protection of chemical formulae,
recipes, and industrial processes.

Also, private contracts between firms and between a firm and its
employees can restrict the transfer of technology and know how.
Patent
Copyright
Trade mark
Patent made for invention like new process
or technology.
A patent is a contract between the inventor
and the Government (Patent Office).
A form of protection for original works of
expression fixed in a tangible form, including
literary, musical, pictorial, graphic, sculptural,
audio/visual works.
Copyright does not protect an idea, only the
expression of the idea.

First Act in 1914, followed by the

Copyright Act 1957.
parameter Patent Copyright
Term 20 yrs 60 yrs.
denotation
A trademark is a word, phrase, symbol, or
design, or a combination of these that
identifies and distinguishes the source of
goods of one party from those of others.
Formation of trade marks Act.
Trademark Act 1940.
Earlier it was governed by common law.
Trademark Amendment Act,
1942,1943,1946,1951.
Trademarks Act 1940 was replaced by Trade
and Merchandise Act ,1958.
Trademarks Act, 1999.
ConventionalTrademarks.

It include letters, numerals, words, pictures.

Unconventional trademarks.
1. Color trademarks.
2. Sound marks
3. Packaging trademarks
4. Holograms
5. Shape of goods.
a. Single Color
Very unusual and peculiar in trade and can be
recognized by traders and consumers.
Eg. Purple color of Cadbury in chocolate products
category.
b.Combination of colors
Depends on uniqueness and what they are applied to.
c.Word marks constituted by names of
colors.
Trademark may consists of a sound and
represented by a series of musical notes with
or without words.
Depends on whether sound has became
distinctive sign
Eg. Musical tone of Kingfisher.
According to packages also a product can be
distinguished & that can be treated as Trade
mark.
If holograms are capable of distinguishing the goods or
services of one undertaking from those of other
undertaking and are capable of representing
graphically then they can be used as trademarks.
5. SHAPE OF GOODS
Shape can also be used as trademark if it can be
represented graphically. But there are certain cases
where shape can not be used as trademark

1. Shape results from nature of goods itself.

2. Shape necessary to obtain a technical result.
3. Shape which gives substantial value to goods.
WORDS PHRASES

Lets get ready to rumble

SYMBOLS
DESIGNS
 Trademarks are protected under federal and state law
Trademarks are earned not born
Trademarks come into being through actual use
You do not have to register a trademark to have it
protected, but there are some advantages of doing so
A trademark registration provides:
Constructive notice to the public of the registrant's claim of
ownership of the mark
Registrant's exclusive right to use the mark nationwide on or in
connection with the goods and/or services listed in the registration
CLASSES:
There are 34 classes of goods and 8 classes of
services specified under the act.
Each class covers a range of related products
A trade mark is registered with respect to
goods mentioned in a particular class
For eg
Class 15: Musical instruments
Class 25: Clothing, Footwear , Headgear
1. Use contrary to law.
Example-National Flag, National Emblem, ISI

2. Descriptive or laudatory words

Eg. Trademarks exclusively of Marks or
indications.

3. Confusion & deception

Expansion of the meaning of trade Mark
Infringement
In earlier law it was possible to register trademark
with same name but only in the different class. So
sometimes it created confusion for the consumer.
For E.g. For milk product Amul is the trade mark for
Class 29( Class of dairy product).Now in class 29 no
other person can register trade mark with name
Amul.
But they can register trade mark in different class. For
E.g. Amul Table. This is according to earlier law.
 The scope of new law has been discussed under the
following heads:
a) Similar Goods in different Class: As per new law trade
mark protection is provided across classes. E.g. Amul.
b) Dissimilar Goods: Protection against trade mark
infringement has been made available even in case of
unconnected goods. E.g. Case of Maruti automobile &
tissue paper.
c)Trade Marks in Advertisements:
Expanded meaning of what constitutes Use of
registered trade mark
In the earlier law, a registered trade mark could be
used only by attaching it to goods
According to new act, Trade Mark is infringed not
only by attaching it to goods , but also printing it on
packaging material and using it in advertisements
Stringent requirements for registration:
A trade mark will not be registered if it is
identical or similar to an earlier mark of a
similar good
The similar goods may be in different classes
Imprisonment which may extend to 3 yrs or fine
upto Rs. Fifty Thousand or both
Compensation is awarded taking into account the
profits made by the offender and may vary from
case to case
 The battle began when Cadburys in April
2005 filed an injunction in Ahmedabad high
1. court seeking to restrain the use of the
trademark Eclairs by ITC against its
product called Candyman Eclairs
In a win for ITC Ltd, the Intellectual
Property Appellate Board (IPAB) said that
Cadbury India is no longer the owner of
three trademarks containing the word
Eclairs
The three trademarksChoclate clairs, Orange flavoured chocolate
clairs and Chocolate Eclairs popwere ordered to be removed from
the trademarks registry as the patent board found that Cadbury could
not provide evidence showing the use of the three trademarks after
they were registered.
The implication of this order is that Cadbury can no longer claim to
be the owner of the trademarks, which means Cadbury in the future
cannot hold anyone for infringement of these marks
2.
Dairy major Amul of Gujarat has won a trademark dispute
with a milk producers co-operative union in West Bengal,
which sought to market a brand of milk named Imul.
The Intellectual Property Appellate Board (IPAB) has set
aside an order of the Registrar of Trademark, Kolkata,
registering the trademark Imul, holding that it is
deceptively similar to Amul.
The judges said The marks are no doubt phonetically
similar, except for first letters a and i. When we consider
the marks to be deceptively similar, the possibility of
confusion is certain. The trademark, therefore, shall not
proceed to registration.
Trademark Classification in India
Trademark in India is classified in about 45 different
classes, which includes chemical substances used in
industry, paints, lubricants machine and machine tools,
medical and surgical instruments, stationary, lather,
household, furniture, textiles, games, beverages
preparatory material, building material, sanitary
material, and hand tools, other scientific and
educational products.
These classes again are further sub-divided. The
main objective of trademark classification is to group
together the similar nature of goods and services.
Here are the classes for product and forservices.
PRODUCTS
Class 1 (Chemicals)
Class 2 (Paints)
Class 3 (Cosmetics and Cleaning Preparations)
Class 4 (Lubricants and Fuels)
Class 5 (Pharmaceuticals)
Class 6 (Metal Goods)
Class 7 (Machinery)
Class 8 (Hand Tools)
Class 9 (Electrical and ScientificApparatus)
Class 10 (Medical Apparatus)
Class 11 (Environmental Control Apparatus)
Class 12 (Vehicles)
Class 13 (Firearms)
Class 14 (Jewelry)
Class 15 (Musical Instruments)
Class 16 (Paper Goods and Printed Matter)
Class 17 (Rubber Goods)
Class 18 (Leather Goods)
Class 19 (Non-metallic Building Materials)
Class 20 (Furniture and Articles Not Otherwise Classified)
Class 21 (Housewares and Glass)
Class 22 (Cordage and Fibers)
Class 23 (Yarns and Threads)
 Class 24 (Fabrics)
Class 25 (Clothing)
Class 26 (Fancy Goods)
Class 27 (Floor Coverings)
Class 28 (Toys and Sporting Goods)
Class 29 (Meats and Processed Foods)
Class 30 (Staple Foods)
Class 31 (Natural Agricultural Products)
Class 32 (Light Beverages)
Class 33 (Wines and Spirits)
Class 34 (Smokers' Articles)

SERVICES
Class 35 (Advertising and Business)
Class 36 (Insurance and Financial)
Class 37 (Building, Construction and
Repair)
Class 38 (Telecommunication)
Class 39 (Transportation and Storage)
Class 40 (Treatment of Materials)
Class 41 (Education and Entertainment)
Class 42 (Computer, Scientific and Legal)
Class 43 (Hotels and Restaurants)
Class 44 (Medical, Beauty, and
Agricultural)
TRADEMARK REGISTRATION
WHAT ARE THE TYPES OF TRADEMARKS THAT CAN BE REGISTERED ?

Under the Indian trademark law the following are the types of trademarks that
can be registered:
Product trademarks: are those that are affixed to identify goods.
Service trademarks: are used to identify the services of an entity, such as the
trademark for a broadcasting service, retails outlet, etc. They are used in
advertising for services.
Certification trademarks: are those that are capable of distinguishing the goods
or services in connection with which it is used in the course of trade and which
are certified by the proprietor with regard to their origin, material, the method
of manufacture, the quality or other specific features
Collective trademarks: are registered in the name of groups, associations or
other organizations for the use of members of the group in their commercial
activities to indicate their membership of the group.
Procedure/ Steps for Trademark
Registration
1. Filing of an application for registration by a person claiming to be the
proprietor of a trademark, in the office of the Trade mark Registry, within
the territorial limits of the place of business in India.
2. Examination of the application by the Registrar to ascertain whether it is
distinctive and does not conflict with existing registered or pending
trademarks and examination report isissued.
3. Publication of the application after or before acceptance of the application
in the Trademark Journal.
4. After publication if any person gives notice of his opposition to the
registration within three months which may be extended to the maximum
of one month.
5. If the opposition has been decided in favour of theapplicant of the
registrationof trademark, the Registrar shall register the Trademark.
6. On the registration of the Trademark the Registrar shall issue to the
applicant a Trademark Registration
7. Today, as per the Trademark Rules, 2002, the application fees (similar to a
tax) are Rs. 3500 pertrademark.
Term/Duration of a Trademark in India
The term of registration of trademark is 10 (Ten) years, but
may be renewed subject to the payment of the prescribed fee,
in accordance with the provisions of the Trademarks Act,
1999. An application for renewal of a trademark can be filed
within six months from Constantia (Body) the expiry of the
last registration of trademark.
Use of the .TM. and symbols
Generally, one who has filed an application (pending
registration) can use the TM (trademark) designation with the
mark to alert the public of his exclusive claim. The claim may
or may not be valid. The registration symbol, ,may only be
used when the mark isregistered.
Duration of Intellectual Property Rights in a
nutshell

Term of every patent will be 20 years from the date of filing of

patent application,
irrespective of whether it is filed with provisional or
complete specification. Date of
patent is the date on which the application for patent is filed.
2) Term of every trademark registration is 10 years from the date
of making of the
application which is deemed to be the date of
registration.
3) Copyright generally lasts for a period of sixty years.
 Patent Filing Procedures

Step 1: Filing of Patent Application

Step 2: Publication
Step 3: Opposition (if any)
Pre grant Opposition ; Post grant Opposition
Step 4: Request for Examination
Step 5: First Examination Report
Step 6: Amendment of objections by the applicant
Step 7: Grant of Patent
Step 8: Renewal fees
Questions?