Chapter 1 : Biodiversity

Bab 3: Biodiversiti
FORM 2 KSSM | Chapter 1

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 Chapter 1 : Biodiversity
1.1 Diversity of Organisms

What is BIODIVERSITY??

• Living things is known as a

organism.
• Living organisms such as
humans, animals and plants
have different shapes ,sizes
and appearance to enable
scientists to classify these
organisms into groups.
• Biodiversity is a diversity of
living organisms in an area. 2
 Chapter 1 : Biodiversity
Organism And Its Classification
Biodiversity
• The diversity of organisms on Earth.
Cover all land and sea life, flora or fauna.

• Living things is known as an organisms.

• There are 10 to 100 million organisms on earth.

• Due to various climate and habitat types.

Habitat Biodiversity

Lake/ Pond Fish, Ameba, Prawn

Soil Earth worm, Ant, Scorpion

Desert Camel, Cactus

forest Tiger, Monkey, Rafflesia

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 Chapter 1 : Biodiversity

As a recreational
As a
Source of place
source of
food
medicine

The
importance of
biodiversity
Maintaining
the balance of Research and
nature
education

Industrial
raw 4
material
 Chapter 1 : Biodiversity
Classification of Organisms

EFFECTIVE BIODIVERSITY MANAGEMENT

Maintaining Biodiversity

Banning the killings or Conserving life with breeding

Carry out environmental
trafficking of endemic and programs such as seedling
education and awareness
threatened animals or plants nursery or turtle hatchery

Protect habitats in the form of

national and state parks,
Enforcement of law wildlife reserves, wildlife
sanctuaries and marine parks.
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1.2 Classification
of organisms

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 Chapter 1 : Biodiversity
Classification of Organisms

Organisms

Animals Plants

Vertebrates Invertebrates
Flowering Non-flowering

Fish With legs Without Monocotyledon

Legs Has
Seedless
seed
Amfibians Segmented
bodies Without Dicotyledon
Segmented
Reptiles bodies Conifer Moss

Birds
Algae
Mammals

Fern
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Clasification of
Animals

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 Chapter 1 : Biodiversity

Classification of Animals

VERTEBRATES DAN INVERTEBRATES

• Vertebrates - animals
with a backbone.
• Invertebrates - animals
without a backbone.
►Invertebrates are the largest
number of animals on Earth and
mostly insects.

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Invertebrates

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Invertebrates
• Invertebrate is an animal without backbone.
• Some of them live in water and some live on land.
• Some invertebrates have many legs and some are
without legs.
• example, Earthworm, Leech , Fly, Grasshooper,
Cockroach and snail.

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 Chapter 1 : Biodiversity

Invertebrates

hermit
crab
snail
prawn jellyfish
squid fly

Earthworm
cockroach starfish 12
spider
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 Topik 3 Biodiversiti
Chapter 1 : Biodiversity
Classification of Organism

Invertebrates with jointed legs

Invertebrates
more
3 pairs of 4 pairs of than 4
legs legs pairs of
legs
Centipede
Fly, Scorpion,
Example Prawn,
Beetle, Spider
Crab

Invertebrates without jointed legs

Worm-like Non Worm-like

Earthworm, Tape Star fish, Snail,

Example
worm Jellyfish

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 Chapter 1 : Biodiversity

Invertebrates with jointed legs

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Invertebrates without jointed legs

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Vertebrates

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Vertebrates
• Animals with a backbone and skull that
protects the brain.
• Vertebrates can be classified into 5
groups, 3 of them are cold-blooded and 2
warm-blooded.
• Cold-blooded animals (Poikilotermic) can
change their body temperatures based on
the environment.
• Warm-blooded animals (Homoiothermic)
have fixed body temperatures

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 Chapter 1 : Biodiversity

Classification of Animals
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1. Mammals

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Unusual characteristics of some mammals

❏Bat – has wings and can fly like birds
❏Whale and dolphin – live in the water like
fish
❏Anteaters - lay eggs, have dry scales on their
bodies like reptiles
❏Platypus - lay eggs and have beaks like
ducks
❏Porcupines - the body is covered with spines
for protection
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Mammals animals
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Anteaters

Porcupine

Platypus

Bat 27
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2. Birds

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 Chapter 1 : Biodiversity
Vertebrates group Characteristics
Birds ❏ Habitat: Live on land
❏ Types of blood : Warm-blooded
Ostriches ❏ Characteristic of body : covered
with feather, have beaks, legs
covered with dry scaled and
have wings
Red tailed tropic ❏ Breathing : Lungs
❏ Method of reproduction : Lay
eggs and eggs have shell
❏ Type of fertilisation : internal
fertilisation
Example : bird, chicken and
Otriches

Penguins
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3. Fish

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 Chapter 1 : Biodiversity

Vertebrates group Characteristics

Birds ❏ Habitat: Live on land
❏ Types of blood : Warm-blooded
❏ Characteristic of body : covered with
Ostriches
feather, have beaks, legs covered with
dry scaled and have wings
❏ Breathing : Lungs
❏ Method of reproduction : Lay eggs and
Red tailed tropic eggs have shell
❏ Type of fertilisation : internal
fertilisation
Example : bird, chicken and Otriches

Penguins
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Vertebrates group Characteristics

Fish ❏ Habitat: Live in water

Eel Sea horse ❏ Types of blood : Cold-blooded
❏ Characteristic of body : covered
with slimmy scales
❏ Breathing : gills
❏ Method of reproduction : Lay
eggs
tuna ❏ Type of fertilisation : external
fertilisation
Dorsal ❏ Example : Eel and Fish
fins gill
Tail

Anal fin fins

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4. Amphibians

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 Chapter 1 : Biodiversity

Vertebrates group Characteristics

Amphibians
Toad ❏ Habitat: Live in water and on
land
❏ Types of blood : Cold-blooded
❏ Characteristic of body : covered
Frog by moist skin
❏ Breathing : gills (tadpole stage),
lungs (adult stage), moist skin
(adult stage)
❏ Method of reproduction : Lay
eggs
Salamander ❏ Type of fertilisation : external
fertilisation
❏ Example : Toad, frog
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5. Reptiles

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Vertebrates group Characteristics

Reptiles ❏ Habitat: Live in water an on land
❏ Types of blood : Cold-blooded
Crocodile
❏ Characteristic of body : covered
with dry scales
❏ Breathing : lungs
Tortoise
❏ Method of reproduction : Lay
eggs
❏ Type of fertilisation : internal
Snake fertilisation
❏ Example : Snake, Crocodile,
Salamander

Lizard
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Classification
of Plants
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 Chapter 1 : Biodiversity

PLANTS

NON-FLOWERING PLANTS FLOWERING PLANTS

Ferns
MOSS
Monocotyledon
MONOCOTYLEDON Dicotyledon
DICOTYLEDON
Connifer
FERN Mosses
CONIFER
 Chapter 1 : Biodiversity

Non-flowering Plants
●Non-flowering plants can be
classified into 3 groups.
○ Moss
○ Fern
○ Cornifer
●Non-flowering plants do not
produce flowers and fruits.
●This plant reproduces
through spores, binary
fission or seeds

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Non-flowering Plants

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Characteristics of non-flowering plants.

Non-flowering Characteristics
plants
Habitat Chlorophyll Nutrition Reproduction Type of stem,
leaves and
root

Fern Live in damp Present Make its own Reproduce by Have real
and shady food spores stem, leaves
places and roots

Moss Lives in damp Present Make its own Reproduce by Have real
places food spores stem, leaves
but does not
have real
roots

Conifer Lives in dry Present Make its own Reproduce by Have real
cool places food seed in cones stem, leaves
and roots

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Classification of flowering
Chapter 1 : Biodiversity

plants
❏ Flowers are produced for
reproduction.
❏ They reproduce by seeds
❏ They have true stem, roots and
leaves.
❏ They can be divided into –
monocotyledons dan dicotyledons.

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Monocotyledons Different Dicotyledons
Has one cotyledons only Seed Has two cotyledons

Fibrous root Root Tap root

With parallel veins Leave With network-like veins

Has non-woody stem Stem Has woody stem

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Examples : Monocotyledons

Pineapple Plants Orchid Plants

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Paddy Plants Maize Plants

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Examples : Dicotyledons

Pineapple
Water Plants
lily Plants OrchidPlants
Hibiscus Plants

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Daisy Plants Rambutan Tree
Paddy Plants Maize Plants
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DICHOTOMOUS KEY
The method that use to indentify and classify organisms according to their
similarities and differences for the systematic study of biodiversity

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Examples of Dichotomous Key Chapter 1 : Biodiversity

(Animals)

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Examples of Dichotomous Key Chapter 1 : Biodiversity

(Plants)

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 Chapter 1 : Biodiversity

Complete
Text Book Page 17 -19 it!!!

Sumative
Exercises 1 54