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    Unit-3::Half Wave Rectifier, Ripple Factor, Full Wave

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    Hemant Tulsani
    This document discusses power supply circuits and their components. It covers transformers which step down AC voltage, rectification which converts AC to DC using half-wave and full-wave rectifiers, filtering using RC networks to smooth the output, and voltage regulation using zener diodes to maintain a constant output voltage. The key aspects of ripple factor, RMS values, and time constants in filtering are also explained.

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    Unit-3::Half Wave Rectifier, Ripple Factor, Full Wave

    Uploaded by

    Hemant Tulsani
    608 views12 pages
    This document discusses power supply circuits and their components. It covers transformers which step down AC voltage, rectification which converts AC to DC using half-wave and full-wave rectifiers, filtering using RC networks to smooth the output, and voltage regulation using zener diodes to maintain a constant output voltage. The key aspects of ripple factor, RMS values, and time constants in filtering are also explained.

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    This document discusses power supply circuits and their components. It covers transformers which step down AC voltage, rectification which converts AC to DC using half-wave and full-wave rectifiers, filtering using RC networks to smooth the output, and voltage regulation using zener diodes to maintain a constant output voltage. The key aspects of ripple factor, RMS values, and time constants in filtering are also explained.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    608 views12 pages

    Unit-3::Half Wave Rectifier, Ripple Factor, Full Wave

    Uploaded by

    Hemant Tulsani
    This document discusses power supply circuits and their components. It covers transformers which step down AC voltage, rectification which converts AC to DC using half-wave and full-wave rectifiers, filtering using RC networks to smooth the output, and voltage regulation using zener diodes to maintain a constant output voltage. The key aspects of ripple factor, RMS values, and time constants in filtering are also explained.

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    Unit-3

    • RECTIFIERS, FILTERS AND REGULATORS


    :Half wave rectifier, ripple factor, full wave
    rectifier, Harmonic components in a rectifier
    circuit, Inductor filter, Capacitor filter, L- section
    filter, - section filter, Multiple L- section and
    Multiple  section filter, and comparison of
    various filter circuits in terms of ripple factors,
    Simple circuit of a regulator using zener diode,
    Series and Shunt voltage regulators
    Power Supply Circuits
    • To achieve its purpose a power supply
    must:
    – Step down the voltage supplied;
    – Convert ac to dc by rectifying the ac.
    • A transformer is used to step down the
    magnitude of the voltages from the wall
    receptacle.
    Transformer
    • A transformer consists of two coils of wire on a
    common iron core. The voltages on these two
    coils are related by the turns ratio, which is the
    ratio of the number of turns of wire in the
    secondary coil to that in the primary coil.
    RMS Values
    • Note that the 110-120 volts and 220-240
    volts are RMS values.
    • The actual amplitude of that sinusoidal
    signal is a factor of √2 larger.
    Rectification
    • Converting ac to dc is accomplished by
    the process of rectification.
    • Two processes are used:
    – Half-wave rectification;
    – Full-wave rectification.
    Half-wave Rectification
    • Simplest process
    used to convert ac to
    dc.
    • A diode is used to clip
    the input signal
    excursions of one
    polarity to zero.
    Full-wave Rectification
    • The output of a full-
    wave rectifier is
    driven by both the
    positive and negative
    cycles of the
    sinusoidal input,
    unlike the half-wave
    rectifier which uses
    only one cycle.
    Filtering
    • Process used to
    smooth out the output
    of the rectifier circuit.
    • One of the most
    common filter is the
    RC network.
    Filtering
    • The reduction in
    voltage between
    charging cycles is
    dependent on the
    time constant stated
    below:

      RLC
    t

    vt   Vme 
    Ripple Factor
    • Ripple is the small voltage variation from
    the filter’s output.
    • Good power supplies produce as little
    ripple as possible.
    • Ripple is usually specified as Ripple
    Factor, RF :

    rms value of ripple


    RF 
    dc value
    Zener Diode
    • Analyzing a diode operating in the reverse bias region
    will show that the current through it remains essentially
    constant until the breakdown voltage, also called the
    avalanche or zener breakdown voltage, is reached. At
    this point the current will increase very rapidly for a small
    voltage change.
    Voltage Regulation
    • This characteristic of the zener diode is
    very useful for voltage regulation circuits.
    The zener diode provides an effective way
    to clamp or limit the voltage at a relatively
    constant value thus creating a voltage
    regulation capability.

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