This document outlines the key dimensions of environmental management including economic, sociocultural, technological, ethical/moral, and political/legal dimensions. It also discusses managing the urban environment, local environment, and concepts of good environmental management including integration, cooperation, and participation. Corporate environmental responsibility is also mentioned.
This document outlines the key dimensions of environmental management including economic, sociocultural, technological, ethical/moral, and political/legal dimensions. It also discusses managing the urban environment, local environment, and concepts of good environmental management including integration, cooperation, and participation. Corporate environmental responsibility is also mentioned.
This document outlines the key dimensions of environmental management including economic, sociocultural, technological, ethical/moral, and political/legal dimensions. It also discusses managing the urban environment, local environment, and concepts of good environmental management including integration, cooperation, and participation. Corporate environmental responsibility is also mentioned.
This document outlines the key dimensions of environmental management including economic, sociocultural, technological, ethical/moral, and political/legal dimensions. It also discusses managing the urban environment, local environment, and concepts of good environmental management including integration, cooperation, and participation. Corporate environmental responsibility is also mentioned.
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Dimensions of Environmental Management Topics • Type of Dimensions – Economic Dimensions – Sociocultural Dimensions – Technological Dimensions – Ethical and Moral Dimensions – Political and Legal Dimensions • Managing Urban Environment • Managing Local Environment • Corporate Environment Responsibility • Concepts of Good environmental management Economic Dimensions (ED) • ED of environmental management looks at the costs and effects of economic development on the environment. i.e – How environmental goods and services are priced – How natural resources can be used to create value • Economic growth measured: – GDP, balance of trade, per capita income, HDI, Quality of Life Index • Tragedy of the commons : The waste and pollutants from industries flow into common properties (like atmosphere, public lands, forest, rivers etc) and polluter does not pay for renewal and regeneration of the degraded environment • Internal cost - expenses borne by user of resource to gain access to that resource • External cost – expenses borne by someone other than individual/firm who use resource • Internalizing the external costs is the concept of bearing all the external costs by those who reap (draw or harvest) the benefit of common resources – Indirect cost or external environmental cost are included in the cost of production • North – South divide – All G20 countries are North (High GDP, per capital income) – Developing countries are South • Economic Globalization and environmental issues • It has direct impact on six specific global environmental changes: – Threats to wildlife including spread of alien species – Loss of biodiversity – Ecosystem degradation including oceans – Global warming – Ozone depletion – Pollution Sociocultural Dimensions • Common property resources – Local community has a stake holder • Managing common property resources or common goods – accessible and non rivalry are called public goods – Accessible and rivalry consumption are called common pool resource – Access can be limited and the consumption is rival are called club goods or toll goods • People moments and the environment – Chipko movement : – Narmada Andholan • Environmental calamities – High air pollution level with toxic compounds, Acid rains, Salinization of soil, Global warming, extreme weather events and so on • Environmental calamities in many cases are effected by human usage of natural resources without consideration of ecosystem balances • Agricultural and meteorological droughts – affecting whole community • The impact of environmental calamities classified in to three categories: – Direct damage: damage of physical assets, crops, transport – Indirect damage: could not produced and services – Secondary effects: GDP, Technological Dimensions • Technology is both – main cause of environment degradation and – main solution to environment problem • Need to use – appropriate technology – Different technologies for sustainable development Ethical and Moral Dimensions • Ethics define as “what is right or wrong on a universal basis” • Moral values are the dominant belief of a particular culture about what is right or wrong • View about nature – Western view – alien and to be conquered – Eastern view – human being part of nature – Chines and Indian – nature is mother and goddess • Religious belief • Attitudes towards nature Political and Legal Dimensions • International consensus on environment – Principle of state responsibility – Good neighborliness principle – Cooperation of all states – Citizens have a right to a decent and healthful environment – Polluter pays principle – Precautionary principle – Environmental impact assessment – NGOs – implementing and monitoring – Principle of sustainable development Managing the Urban Environment • Urban environment problem – Air pollution – Heat island formation due to built-up area, roads, and less tress – Pavements and roads prevent infiltration, which cause flooding – Cities are responsible for 75% GHG emissions – High energy consumption – Slumps development through illegal occupation of public land – People live in unsafe location near industries, open drains – Inadequate water and sanitation facilities Managing the Local Environment • Reversal of top-down to bottom-up learning • Participatory local appraisal – Sampling: transect walks, social mapping – Group dynamics: learning contracts, feedback sessions – Interviewing: focus group, semi-structured – Visualization: venn diagrams, matrix scoring – Planning: mapping and modeling – Monitoring Concepts of Good Environmental Management
