The document discusses the manufacture of hydrochloric acid. It describes hydrochloric acid as colorless as a gas and slightly yellow as a liquid, with a stingy smell. It provides details on its industrial uses and how it is manufactured at both small and large scales. At small scales in laboratories, it is made by reacting sulfuric acid with chloride ions or burning chlorine gas with hydrogen gas. At large scales, it is most commonly produced as a byproduct of organic synthesis reactions involving chlorine or fluorine.
The document discusses the manufacture of hydrochloric acid. It describes hydrochloric acid as colorless as a gas and slightly yellow as a liquid, with a stingy smell. It provides details on its industrial uses and how it is manufactured at both small and large scales. At small scales in laboratories, it is made by reacting sulfuric acid with chloride ions or burning chlorine gas with hydrogen gas. At large scales, it is most commonly produced as a byproduct of organic synthesis reactions involving chlorine or fluorine.
The document discusses the manufacture of hydrochloric acid. It describes hydrochloric acid as colorless as a gas and slightly yellow as a liquid, with a stingy smell. It provides details on its industrial uses and how it is manufactured at both small and large scales. At small scales in laboratories, it is made by reacting sulfuric acid with chloride ions or burning chlorine gas with hydrogen gas. At large scales, it is most commonly produced as a byproduct of organic synthesis reactions involving chlorine or fluorine.
The document discusses the manufacture of hydrochloric acid. It describes hydrochloric acid as colorless as a gas and slightly yellow as a liquid, with a stingy smell. It provides details on its industrial uses and how it is manufactured at both small and large scales. At small scales in laboratories, it is made by reacting sulfuric acid with chloride ions or burning chlorine gas with hydrogen gas. At large scales, it is most commonly produced as a byproduct of organic synthesis reactions involving chlorine or fluorine.
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THE MANUFACTURE OF
HYDROCHLORIC ACID Adelia T. R. Hutapea (21030117130158) Arin Widya Saputri (21030117130148) Fadhilla Fatma Lingga (21030117130143) Meliana Dewi Sulaksono (21030117120061) HYDROCHLORIC ACID Characteristics: - Colorless (gas) - Slightly yellow (liquid) - Stingy Smell Manufacturing of PVC Industrial Uses Lowering pH of total alkalinity
Salt purification Small scale Laboratory MANUFACTURE
Direct Synthesis Large scale
Organic Synthesis MANUFACTURING IN LABORATORY • Reacting concentrated sulfuric acid with chloride ion
Cl- + H2SO4 → HSO4- + HCl
DIRECT SYNTHESIS • Burning chlorine in hydrogen.
H2 + Cl2 →2HCl HCl - Organic Synthesis • The largest volume production of hydrochloric acid is a by-product of the formation of chlorinated and fluorinated organic compounds, chloroacetic acid, and PVC. These production processes very often also consume large quantities of HCl. In the chemical reactions, hydrogen atoms are replaced by chlorine atoms, whereupon the released hydrogen atom recombines with the spare atom from the chlorine molecule, forming hydrogen chloride. Fluorination is a subsequent chlorine- replacement reaction, producing again hydrogen chloride. • R-H + Cl2→ R-Cl + HCl • R-Cl + HF → R-F + HCl
