Introduction To Aerospace Propulsion

Elective-1:Aerospace Propulsion
Unit 1
Introduction to
Aerospace Propulsion
Dr. C S Malvi
Associate Professor
Mechanical Engineering Department
E-mail – csmalvi@gmail.com
Prepared by Ankit Sharma

Lecture Tutorial Practical End Term Mid Term Assignment
3 1 0 70 20 10
Syllabus
Unit 1: Introduction: Introduction to world space program scenario -an overview. Introduction to
Indian Space Research Organization; Planetary sciences and astronomy. India’s achievements in the
space activities and its contribution to the nation’s growth.
Unit 2: Aircraft Propulsion: Main propulsion engines; Engine cycle; Performance parameters; Efficiency of
propulsion system; Thermodynamics of Aircraft jet engines, Aerothermodynamics of inlet, combustors, and
nozzles.
Unit 3: Aircraft prolusion element: Compressors; Work and compression, design of a subsonic axial
compressor, transonic fan stage. Axial turbine; stage efficiency, stresses, performance and design. turbine and
compressor matching.
Unit 4: Rocket propulsion: Rocket engines, solid propellant rocket, liquid rocket engines; Performance of
rocket vehicles.
Unit 5: Rocket Propulsion elements: Feed system, combustion and expansion; Liquid rocket stage electrical
rocket propulsion. Liquid rocket propellants; earth storable propellants and cryogenics propellants.
References:
1. Mechanics and thermodynamics of propulsion by Philip Hill and Carl, Peterson,
Addision Wesley.[PDF]
2. Elements of propulsion, Gas turbines and rockets, by J D Mattingly, 2006,AIAA
education series, Mc-Graw Hill. [PDF]
3. Understanding Aerospace Chemical Propulsion by H.S. Mukunda, Interline
Publishing, Bangalore.
4. Rocket Propulsion Elements by George P Sutton and Oscar Biblarz.
5. Design of liquid Propellant Rocket Engine by Dieter K.Huzel, NASA SP 125,Willey
India Pvt limited. [PDF]
6. Gas Turbine Theory by HIH Sarvanammuttoo H Cohen, Pearson. [PDF]
7. Rocket and Aircraft Propulsion (Principles, practice and new Developments) by
Turner Springer Published in association with Praxis Publishing UK.
8. Aircraft power plant by Kroes Michael J, Tata McGraw Hills.
9. Aircraft Propulsion and gas turbine engines by Ahmed F. El-Sayed, Taylor and
Francis ,CRC press.
10. Rocket Propulsion by M. Barrere, Elsevier Publishing Company.
11. NPTEL online course on 'Aerospace Propulsion’. link: http://nptel.iitm.ac.in.
Content Unit 1
• Introduction to World Space Program scenario - an overview

• Introduction to Indian Space Research Organization
• Planetary sciences and astronomy.
• India’s achievements in the space activities and its contribution to
the nation’s growth.
Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO)
Formed on August 15, 1969, under Department of Atomic Energy.
Introduction : ISRO
• Widely known for, Mars Orbital Mission, ISRO took place of
Indian National Committee for Space Research (INCOSPAR) which
was established in 1962 by the efforts of independent India's first
Prime Minister, Jawaharlal Nehru, and his close aide and
scientist Vikram Sarabhai.
• Vikram Sarabhai, provided ISRO the necessary direction to
function as an agent of development.
• ISRO then embarked on its mission to provide the Nation space Vikram Sarabhai
based services and to develop the technologies to achieve the Father of India’s Space
Program
same independently.
Dr Sarabhai and Dr Kalam. A photograph from the early stages of the Indian
space program
• Vikram Ambalal Sarabhai was an Indian scientist and innovator widely regarded as the father
of India's space programme. Sarabhai received the Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Medal in 1962, Padma
Bhushan in 1966 and Padma Vibhushan in 1972.
• He founded Physical Research Laboratory (PRL) in 1947, Darpana Academy of Performing Arts,
Ahmedabad, Nehru Foundation for Development in Ahmedabad , Indian Institute of Management
(IIM), Ahmedabad.
Throughout the years, ISRO has upheld its mission
of bringing space to the service of the common
man, to the service of the Nation. In the process, it
has become one of the six largest space agencies in
the world.
ISRO develops and delivers application specific
satellite products and tools to the Nation:
broadcasts, communications, weather forecasts,
disaster management tools, Geographic
Information Systems, cartography, navigation,
telemedicine, dedicated distance education
satellites being some of them.
ISRO is moving forward with the development of
heavy lift launchers, human spaceflight projects,
reusable launch vehicles, semi-cryogenic engines,
single and two stage to orbit vehicles, development
and use of composite materials for space
applications etc.
2 Re-Entry Missions
209 Foreign Satellites
(28 Countries)
91 Spacecraft
Missions 63 Launch Missions
9 Student Satellites
Times When ISRO made India Proud
• Aryabatta satellite, 1975

• August 1979: SLV- 3
• Chandrayaan 1, 2008
• GLSV MK III, 2014
• Mangalyaan or MOM, 2014
• Heaviest Commercial Mission, 2015
• Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System (IRNSS), 2016
• Reusable Launch Vehicle (RLV), 2016
• Created a world record by launching 104 satellites in single mission, 2017
Aryabatta : ISROs First Satellite
• It was launched by India on 19 April 1975 from Kapustin Yar,

a Russian rocket.
• The spacecraft was a 26-sided polyhedron 1.4 meters (4.6 ft.)
in diameter. All faces (except the top and bottom) were
covered with solar cells.
• Power failure halted experiments after four days and 60 orbits Aryabatta Satellite
with all signals from the spacecraft lost after five days of
operation.
Satellite Launch Vehicle- 3
• The SLV- 3 was ISRO’s first attempt at developing a satellite launch
vehicle. The first experimental flight in August 1979 successfully placed
the Rohini Satellite in near-Earth orbit. The SLV project was helmed by Dr
A.P.J Abdul Kalam and he went on to develop the PSLV projects which are
even used till date.
• SLV or SLV-3 was a 4-stage solid-propellant light launcher. It was intended
to reach a height of 500 km and carry a payload of 40 kg
Chandrayaan 1
• It was India’s first mission to moon and was a breakthrough

in its space mission as it was one of the only six space
organizations' to attempt this.
• The aim of the mission revolved around understanding the
entire topography and chemical characteristics.
• After 312 days unmanned lunar mission, ISRO lost contact
with Chandrayaan but it was after the country’s national flag
was proudly hoisted on the moon.
Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle
Mark-III
• SRO launched GSLV-MK3 on December, 2014, that has an
Indian made crew capsule which can carry up to three
astronauts to space.
• India will become a part of the exclusive group of space
cruising nations which can take humans to space.
• It is one of the heaviest rockets and is capable of carrying 4
tonnes of load.
• ISRO is planning to launch GSLV MK4, the next level of this
operation, which would be able to carry 6 tonnes.
Mangalyaan or Mars Orbiter
Mission (MOM)
India’s first attempt at interplanetary space
travel and ISRO’s first mission to Mars made it
the fourth space agency in the world to achieve
the feat in a single go.
Mangalyaan entered Mars orbit on September
2014 and has since then been sending back data
streams about the red planet.
The Mangalyaan mission in its entirety cost just
about $74 million which is said to be the
cheapest interplanetary mission. Even NASA’s
MAVEN Mars orbiter had a mission cost of
around $672 million.
Heaviest Commercial Mission
Heaviest commercial mission was taken up by ISRO where they launched 1440 kg of load.
Five British satellites were launched as part of the mission using Polar Satellite Launch
Vehicle-C28 on July 10, 2015.
This commercial installation mission was launched from Sriharikota and included three
optical earth observation satellites of 447 kg each along with two auxiliary satellites.
Indian Regional Navigation Satellite
System (IRNSS)
• With the operational name, NAVIC
(Navigation with Indian Constellation),
these group of seven satellites will help
India build its own navigation system.
• The navigation covers an area of 15,000 km
around our country. Two more satellites are
present as a standby in the ground station
apart from the seven satellites being used
for operations.
• This made India one of the five countries to
have its own navigation system in place.
Reusable Launch Vehicle (RLV)
• These space shuttles were built at a very low cost of Rs. 95

crores. The intention was to reduce the satellite costs and these
are reusable space shuttles.
• The concept behind a Reusable Launch Vehicle is that it incurs a
less cost while deploying a satellite. ISRO tested RLV-TD on 23
May 2016 which attained an altitude of 65km and landed back
on a runway. The project will take more than 10 years to become
fully functional but when it does, it is expected to cut down costs
and make space deploying much more easier.
Created a world record by launching 104
satellites in single mission
SRO created history by lifting off 104 satellites using the Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle
(PSLV), an Indian rocket.
The launch took place on the Sriharikota spaceport in Andhra Pradesh and successfully
managed to put these satellites into their desired orbit in one go.
Out of the 104 satellites, the Cartosat-2 earth observation satellite along with two
other nano-satellites were the only passengers from India.
The other 101 satellites included one each from UAE, Netherlands, Kazakhstan, Israel,
Switzerland and 96 from the USA.

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Introduction To Aerospace Propulsion

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Elective-1:Aerospace Propulsion

Prepared by Ankit Sharma

• Introduction to World Space Program scenario - an overview

• Aryabatta satellite, 1975

• It was launched by India on 19 April 1975 from Kapustin Yar,

• It was India’s first mission to moon and was a breakthrough

• These space shuttles were built at a very low cost of Rs. 95

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