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Well Hydraulics

1) Darcy's law describes the flow of fluid through a porous medium and relates the seepage velocity to the hydraulic gradient. 2) Henry Philibert Gaspard Darcy established the linear relationship between flow rate and hydraulic gradient in the 1850s from experiments on water flow through sand filters. 3) Darcy's law can be used to determine the hydraulic properties of aquifers, such as transmissibility and storage coefficient, from data collected during pumping tests.

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Marco Ramos Jacob
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163 views11 pages

Well Hydraulics

1) Darcy's law describes the flow of fluid through a porous medium and relates the seepage velocity to the hydraulic gradient. 2) Henry Philibert Gaspard Darcy established the linear relationship between flow rate and hydraulic gradient in the 1850s from experiments on water flow through sand filters. 3) Darcy's law can be used to determine the hydraulic properties of aquifers, such as transmissibility and storage coefficient, from data collected during pumping tests.

Uploaded by

Marco Ramos Jacob
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Well

H y d r a u li cs
Darcy’s Law:

V=K(dh/dr)
Where:
v= velocity,m/s
K=permeability,m/s
dh/dr=slope of the hydraulic gradient,m/m

Henry Philibert Gaspard Darcy


(June 10, 1803 – January 3, 1858)
Darcy’s velocity
Av  Av  Q
If we solve this expression for the average linear velocity, v’ we find:

Av
v 
A
If we multiply the top and bottom by a unit length(L),then we have

ALv
v 
AL
The product AL is the total volume of the soil. The product A’L is the void volume.
The ratio of the void volume to the total volume is the definition of porosity. The
actual linear velocity may then be defined in terms of the porosity as

DarcyVeloc ity v
v'  
Porosity n
or in terms of the hydraulic gradient

K (dh / dr )
v 
n
The gross discharge is the product of the velocity of flow and the area(A)
through which it flows.

dh
Q  vA  KA
dr
Steady flow in a confined aquifer.

2T (h2  h1 )
Q
ln( r2 / r1 )

Where:
T  KD  Transmissibility,m^2/s
D  Thickness of artesian aquifer, m
h2 ,h1  Height of piezometric surface above confining layer, m
r1 , r2  Radius from pumping well, m
ln  Logarithm to base e
Steady Flow in an Unconfined Aquifer.

K (h22  h12 )
Q
ln( r2 / r1 )
Unsteady Flow in a Confined Aquifers.


Q e u

su  
4T u  u
 du

Where:
s=drawdown(H-h),m
r 2S
u 
4Tt
r=distance between pumping well and observation well,or radius of
pumping well,m
S=storage coefficient
T=transmissibility,m^2/s
t=time since pumping began,s
2 3
u u
W (u )  0.577216  ln u  u   
2  2! 3  3!
Unsteady Flow in an Unconfined Aquifers.
•Water is produced by:
-Dewatering of unconfined aquifer.
-Compressibility factors as in a confined
aquifer.
-Lateral movement from other
formations.

Q
Ground surface
Prepumping
Water level
Pumping
Water Table well
Observation
wells

h0 r1 hw
h
2 h1
Unconfined r2 Q
aquifer

Bedrock
2rw
Determining the hydraulic properties of an
aquifer.
Confined Aquifer

W u 
Q ln( r2 / r1 )
T
2 ( s1  s2 )

For values of u less than 0.01,they found that equation in unsteady flow in a confined aquifer
could be rewritten as follows:

Q 2.25Tt
s ln 2
4T r S
A semilogarithmic plot of s versus t from the results of a pumping test enables a
direct calculation of T from the slope of the line .From the equation, the
difference in drawdown at two points n time may be shown to be

Q t2
s2  s1  ln
4T t1

Solving for T we find:


Q t2
T ln
4 ( s2  s1 ) t1
Cooper and Jacob showed that an extrapolation of the straight-line
portion of the plot to the point where s=0 yields a “virtual” (imaginary)
starting time. At this virtual time ,equation may be solved for the
storage coefficient, S, as follows:
2.25Tt0
S
r2
Calculating interference.

n
S r   Si
i 1

Where:
Si  Individual drawdown caused by well i at
location r

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