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    Introduction To MATLAB and Image Processing

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    Paramesh Waran
    This document provides an introduction to image processing in MATLAB. It discusses how images are represented as matrices in MATLAB, with each pixel as a matrix element. It describes how to import and export various image formats, and manipulate images using arithmetic, logical, and comparison operators. It also covers flow control using if/else statements and for/while loops. Finally, it discusses creating M-files to define MATLAB functions for image processing tasks.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Introduction To MATLAB and Image Processing

    Uploaded by

    Paramesh Waran
    40 views14 pages
    This document provides an introduction to image processing in MATLAB. It discusses how images are represented as matrices in MATLAB, with each pixel as a matrix element. It describes how to import and export various image formats, and manipulate images using arithmetic, logical, and comparison operators. It also covers flow control using if/else statements and for/while loops. Finally, it discusses creating M-files to define MATLAB functions for image processing tasks.

    Original Description:

    Matlab Intro

    Original Title

    Matlab Intro

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    This document provides an introduction to image processing in MATLAB. It discusses how images are represented as matrices in MATLAB, with each pixel as a matrix element. It describes how to import and export various image formats, and manipulate images using arithmetic, logical, and comparison operators. It also covers flow control using if/else statements and for/while loops. Finally, it discusses creating M-files to define MATLAB functions for image processing tasks.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    40 views14 pages

    Introduction To MATLAB and Image Processing

    Uploaded by

    Paramesh Waran
    This document provides an introduction to image processing in MATLAB. It discusses how images are represented as matrices in MATLAB, with each pixel as a matrix element. It describes how to import and export various image formats, and manipulate images using arithmetic, logical, and comparison operators. It also covers flow control using if/else statements and for/while loops. Finally, it discusses creating M-files to define MATLAB functions for image processing tasks.

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    You are on page 1of 14

    Introduction to MATLAB and

    image processing
    MATLAB and images
    • The help in MATLAB is very good, use it!
    • An image in MATLAB is treated as a matrix
    • Every pixel is a matrix element
    • All the operators in MATLAB defined on
    matrices can be used on images: +, -, *, /, ^, sqrt, sin, cos etc.
    Images in MATLAB
    • MATLAB can import/export • Data types in MATLAB
    several image formats – Double (64-bit double-precision
    – BMP (Microsoft Windows Bitmap) floating point)
    – GIF (Graphics Interchange Files) – Single (32-bit single-precision
    floating point)
    – HDF (Hierarchical Data Format)
    – Int32 (32-bit signed integer)
    – JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts
    Group) – Int16 (16-bit signed integer)
    – PCX (Paintbrush) – Int8 (8-bit signed integer)
    – PNG (Portable Network Graphics) – Uint32 (32-bit unsigned integer)
    – TIFF (Tagged Image File Format) – Uint16 (16-bit unsigned integer)
    – XWD (X Window Dump) – Uint8 (8-bit unsigned integer)
    – MATLAB can also load raw-data or
    other types of image data
    Images in MATLAB
    • Binary images : {0,1}
    • Intensity images : [0,1] or uint8, double etc.
    • RGB images : m-by-n-by-3
    • Indexed images : m-by-3 color map
    • Multidimensional images m-by-n-by-p (p is the number of layers)
    Image import and export
    • Read and write images in Matlab
    >> I=imread('cells.jpg');
    >> imshow(I)
    >> size(I)
    ans = 479 600 3 (RGB image)
    >> Igrey=rgb2gray(I);
    >> imshow(Igrey)
    >> imwrite(lgrey, 'cell_gray.tif', 'tiff')

    Alternatives to imshow
    >>imagesc(I)
    >>imtool(I)
    >>image(I)
    Images and Matrices
    • How to build a matrix (or image)?
    >> A = [ 1 2 3; 4 5 6; 7 8 9 ];
    A= 1 2 3
    4 5 6
    7 8 9
    >> B = zeros(3,3)
    B= 0 0 0
    0 0 0
    0 0 0
    >> C = ones(3,3)
    C= 1 1 1
    1 1 1
    1 1 1

    >>imshow(A) (imshow(A,[]) to get automatic pixel range)


    Images and Matrices
    • Accesing image elements (row, column) X
    >> A(2,1)
    ans = 4
    • : can be used to extract a whole column or
    row Y
    >> A(:,2)
    ans =
    2
    5
    8
    • or a part of a column or row
    >> A(1:2,2) A=
    ans = 1 2 3
    2 4 5 6
    5 7 8 9
    Image Arithmetic
    • Arithmetic operations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication and
    division can be applied to images in MATLAB
    – +, -, *, / performs matrix operations
    >> A+A
    ans = 2 4 6
    8 10 12
    14 16 18
    >> A*A
    ans = 30 36 42
    66 81 96
    102 126 150

    • To perform an elementwise operation use . (.*, ./, .*, .^ etc)


    >> A.*A
    ans = 1 4 9 A=
    1 2 3
    16 25 36
    4 5 6
    49 64 81
    7 8 9
    Logical Conditions
    • equal (==) , less than and greater than (< and >), not equal (~=) and not (~)
    • find(‘condition’) - Returns indexes of A’s elements that satisfies the
    condition.
    >> [row col]=find(A==7)
    row = 3
    A=
    col = 1
    1 2 3
    >> [row col]=find(A>7)
    4 5 6
    row = 3
    7 8 9
    3
    col = 2
    3
    >> Indx=find(A<5)
    Indx = 1
    2
    4
    7
    Flow Control
    • Flow control in MATLAB
    - if, else and elseif statements
    (row=1,2,3 col=1,2,3)
    if row==col
    A(row, col)=1;
    elseif abs(row-col)==1
    A(row, col)=2;
    else
    A(row, col)=0;
    end
    Flow Control
    • Flow control in MATLAB
    - for loops

    for row=1:3
    for col=1:3
    if row==col
    A(row, col)=1;
    elseif abs(row-col)==1 A=
    A(row, col)=2;
    else 1 2 0
    2 1 2
    A(row, col)=0;
    0 2 1
    end
    end
    end
    Flow Control
    • while, expression, statements, end A=
    1 2 3
    4 5 6
    Indx=1; 7 8 9
    while A(Indx)<6
    A(Indx)=0;
    Indx=Indx+1;
    end

    A=

    0 2 3
    0 5 6
    7 8 9
    Working with M-Files
    • M-files can be scripts that simply execute a series of MATLAB statements,
    or they can be functions that also accept input arguments and produce
    output.
    • MATLAB functions:
    – Are useful for extending the MATLAB language for your application.
    – Can accept input arguments and return output arguments.
    – Store variables in a workspace internal to the function.
    Working with M-Files
    • Create a new empty m-file

    function B=test(I)
    [row col]=size(I)
    for r=1:row
    for c=1:col
    if r==c
    A(r, c)=1;
    elseif abs(r-c)==1
    A(r, c)=2;
    else
    A(r, c)=0;
    end
    end
    end

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