Cestoda: Dr. Hendra (Tropmed) Parasitology Department Medical Faculty of Unpri

CESTODA
Dr. HENDRA (TropMed)

Parasitology Department
Medical Faculty of UNPRI
dr. Hendra (TropMed) 1

Classification of Important Human Parasites
PARASITOLOGY
Helminthology Protozoology Entomology
Nematodes Platyhelminthes
Crustacea Myriapoda
Trematodes Cestodes Arachnida Insecta
Amoeba Ciliata
Flagellata Sporozoa
Irma Siregar 2
Classification
• Intestinal cestoda :
 Taenia saginata
 Taenia solium
 Hymenolepis nana
 Hymenolepis diminuta
 Diphyllobothriidae
• Zoonotic cestoda :
 Echinococcus granulosus
 Dypilidium caninum

Cestodes
General Characteristics
• Also called tapeworm
• Elongated body - divided into proglottids,
grouped into: immature, mature, and gravid
from the neck downward
• The proglottids form a strobila
• The length of an adult varies widely from
several mm to over 10m, but rarely exceeds
20m
Terminology
• Scolex :
the anterior end, may
equipped with a variety of
holdfast organs (sucker or
bothria); maintain the
position of the worm in the
gut
• Rostellum :
the protrusible, dome
shaped-area on the apex of
the scolex
Terminology
• Bothrium :
longitudinal groove on the scolex of
pseudophyllidea that function as suckerlike organ
• Neck :
undifferentiated zone between scolex and
strobila
• Strobilla :
the body of the tapeworm which consist
proglottids (segments)

Terminology
• Proglottid (segment):
grouped into
 immature : reproductive organs (-)
 mature : reproductive organs (+), uterus
without eggs
 gravid : reproductive organs (+),
a branched uterus filled with eggs

Taenia saginata
(Beef Tapeworm)

Taenia saginata
Taxonomy
• Phylum : Plathyhelminthes
• Class : Cestoidea
• Subclass : Eucestoda
• Order : Cyclophyllidae
• Family : Taeniidae
• Genus : Taenia
• Species : Taenia saginata

Taenia saginata
Host
• Definitive host : human

• Intermediate host : cattle
• Habitat: small intestine

Taenia saginata
Distribution
• The most common in human

• Worldwide distribution especially in poorer
communities where raw or undercooked beef
is traditionally eaten

Taenia saginata
Morphology
• Large, white tapeworm that can reach 20 m in

length; more common 3-5 m
• 1000-2000 proglottids
• Gravid segments are highly motile and
spontaneously evacuated from the anus or
can be found in feces

Taenia saginata
Morphology

Taenia saginata
Morphology
• Scolex :
pyriform, ф 1-2 mm, 4 suckers,
rostellum (-), hooks (-)
• Neck :
long and slender

Taenia saginata
Morphology
• Proglottids :
 Mature :
– wider than long
or nearly
square
– number of
testes 300 - 400
1 : Immature, 2 : Mature
3 : Gravid

Taenia saginata
Morphology
 Gravid :
– longer than wide
– 15-30 pairs branches of
uterus
– genital pore: one of
each segment in
irregular site

Taenia saginata
Morphology
• Egg
– Elliptical
– Embryophore (thick shell
with radial pattern)
– Content: oncosphere with
6 hooks (hexacanth
embryo)

Taenia saginata
Morphology
• Called cysticercus bovis,

hooks (-)
• Invaginate in cattle
muscles and tissues
• Ingested by human,
evaginate in small
intestine to become
adult worm

Cysticercus bovis

Life Cycle &
Transmision
Infective stage:
Cysticerci in muscle
Diagnostic stage:
Eggs in feces or anal swab or
gravid proglottids

Taenia solium
(Pork Tapeworm)

Taenia solium
Taxonomy
• Phylum : Plathyhelminthes
• Class : Cestoidea
• Subclass : Cestoda
• Ordo : Cyclophyllidae
• Family : Taeniidae
• Genus : Taenia
• Spesies : Taenia solium

Taenia solium
Host
• Most dangerous among Taeniidae, because

human can also serve as intermediate host
• Definitive host: human
• Intermediate host : pig
• Habitat (adult) : small intestine, cysticercus :
any muscles or tissues

Taenia solium
Distribution
• Worldwide distribution, especially wherever

man consumes raw or insuficciently cooked
pork (taeniasis solium) or contamination of
food or fingers by eggs (cysticercosis)

Taenia solium
Morphology
• Similar to, but smaller than T. Saginata.

• Measures up to 10 m, but 2 m to 3 m is much
more common
• 800-1000 proglottids
• Passive proglottids

Taenia solium
Morphology
• Scolex:
4 suckers, 2 circle of 22-32
hooks, non retractable
rostellum

Taenia solium
Morphology
• Proglottid :
 Mature :
– Wider than long
– Identical with matur
segment T. saginata
– Number of testes 150-200

Taenia solium
Morphology
 Gravid :
– longer than wide
– 7-12 pairs branches
of uterus
– genital pore: one of
each segment in
irregular site

Taenia solium
Proglottid
Taenia solium
Morphology
• Egg:
Similar to T. saginata,
only it is nearly
spherical while the
lattest is elliptical

Taenia solium
Morphology
• Called cysticercus
cellulosae, 6 hooks (+)
• Habitat in human’s
muscles & tissues and
pig’s muscles & tissues

Taenia solium
Morphology

Cysticercus cellulosae

Life Cycle &
Transmision
For Taeniasis solium :

Infective stage:
Cysticerci in muscle
Diagnostic stage:
Eggs in feces or anal swab or
gravid proglottids
For Cysticercosis :
Infective stage:
Eggs passed in feces
Diagnostic stage:
Cysticerci in any organ

Cysticercosis
Subconjunctival cysticercosis Neurocysticercosis

Cysticercosis
Subcutaneous cysticercosis Oral cysticercosis

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CESTODA

Dr. HENDRA (TropMed)

dr. Hendra (TropMed) 1

Helminthology Protozoology Entomology

Trematodes Cestodes Arachnida Insecta

dr. Hendra (TropMed) 3

dr. Hendra (TropMed) 6

dr. Hendra (TropMed) 7

dr. Hendra (TropMed) 8

dr. Hendra (TropMed) 9

• Definitive host : human

dr. Hendra (TropMed) 10

• The most common in human

dr. Hendra (TropMed) 11

• Large, white tapeworm that can reach 20 m in

dr. Hendra (TropMed) 12

dr. Hendra (TropMed) 13

dr. Hendra (TropMed) 14

dr. Hendra (TropMed) 15

dr. Hendra (TropMed) 16

dr. Hendra (TropMed) 18

• Called cysticercus bovis,

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dr. Hendra (TropMed) 20

dr. Hendra (TropMed) 21

dr. Hendra (TropMed) 22

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• Most dangerous among Taeniidae, because

dr. Hendra (TropMed) 24

• Worldwide distribution, especially wherever

dr. Hendra (TropMed) 25

• Similar to, but smaller than T. Saginata.

dr. Hendra (TropMed) 26

dr. Hendra (TropMed) 27

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dr. Hendra (TropMed) 36

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For Taeniasis solium :

dr. Hendra (TropMed) 39

Subconjunctival cysticercosis Neurocysticercosis

dr. Hendra (TropMed) 40

Subcutaneous cysticercosis Oral cysticercosis

dr. Hendra (TropMed) 41

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