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    Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing

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    gursimran009
    This document discusses Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM). It provides an introduction to OFDM, explaining why it was developed and some of its key advantages over single carrier modulation techniques for dealing with multipath interference. It then describes the basic transmitter and receiver designs for OFDM. The document notes that one of the main problems with OFDM is its high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) and introduces several techniques for reducing the PAPR, including active constellation extension, constant envelope, partial transmit sequence, repeated clipping and frequency domain filtering, and selective mapping.

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    Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing

    Uploaded by

    gursimran009
    59 views13 pages
    This document discusses Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM). It provides an introduction to OFDM, explaining why it was developed and some of its key advantages over single carrier modulation techniques for dealing with multipath interference. It then describes the basic transmitter and receiver designs for OFDM. The document notes that one of the main problems with OFDM is its high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) and introduces several techniques for reducing the PAPR, including active constellation extension, constant envelope, partial transmit sequence, repeated clipping and frequency domain filtering, and selective mapping.

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    Final Project

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    This document discusses Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM). It provides an introduction to OFDM, explaining why it was developed and some of its key advantages over single carrier modulation techniques for dealing with multipath interference. It then describes the basic transmitter and receiver designs for OFDM. The document notes that one of the main problems with OFDM is its high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) and introduces several techniques for reducing the PAPR, including active constellation extension, constant envelope, partial transmit sequence, repeated clipping and frequency domain filtering, and selective mapping.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    59 views13 pages

    Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing

    Uploaded by

    gursimran009
    This document discusses Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM). It provides an introduction to OFDM, explaining why it was developed and some of its key advantages over single carrier modulation techniques for dealing with multipath interference. It then describes the basic transmitter and receiver designs for OFDM. The document notes that one of the main problems with OFDM is its high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) and introduces several techniques for reducing the PAPR, including active constellation extension, constant envelope, partial transmit sequence, repeated clipping and frequency domain filtering, and selective mapping.

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    OFDM

    Orthogonal frequency-division
    multiplexing

    PROJECT MENTOR : PRESENTED BY:


    MR.KESHAV JHA GERIJ SHARMA
    LOVEPREET SINGH
    VIJAY KUNIYAL
    CONTENTS
     WHY OFDM ?
     INTRODUCTION
     TRANSMITTER AND RECEIVER
     PROBLEMS WITH OFDM
     INTODUCTION TO PAPR
     TECHNIQUES TO OVERCOME PAPR
     FUTURE WORK
    WHY OFDM ?
    • The Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM)
    transmission scheme is the optimum version of the multicarrier
    transmission scheme. In the past, as well as in the present, the
    OFDM is referred in the literature Multi-carrier, Multi-tone and
    Fourier Transform.
    • OFDM was first proposed as a way of dealing with multipath. One of
    the problems with single carrier modulations (SCM) is that, in a
    given environment, the symbol interval becomes much shorter than
    the delay spread at high data rate condition. To resolve this problem
    with multi-carrier modulation formats, the data rate on its subcarrier
    is less than the original one. The basic idea is that if you take a signal
    and send it over multiple low-rate carriers instead of a single high-
    rate carrier, then inter-symbol interference (ISI) is eliminated and
    multipath effects can be compensated with a much simpler equalizer.
    • OFDM was invented more than 40 years ago.
    • OFDM has been adopted for several technologies:
    – Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line (ADSL)
    services.
    – IEEE 802.11a/g, IEEE 802.16a.
    – Digital Audio Broadcast (DAB).
    – Digital Terrestrial Television Broadcast: DVD in
    Europe, ISDB in Japan
    – 4G, IEEE 802.11n, IEEE 802.16, and IEEE
    802.20.
    INTRODUCTION
     SPREADING THE DATA OVER LARGE
    NUMBER OF SUB-CARRIERS

     OFDM = FDM + ORTHOGONALITY

     SPECTRAL EFFICIENCY
    TRANSMITTER
    RECEIVER
    PROBLEMS WITH OFDM

     ORTHOGONALITY

     PAPR(Peak to average ratio)


    PAPR (power to average ratio)

    • There are some obstacles in using OFDM in


    transmission system in contrast to its advantages. A
    major obstacle is that the OFDM signal exhibits a
    very high Peak to Average Power Ratio (PAPR).
    Therefore, RF power amplifiers should be operated in
    a very large linear region. Otherwise, the signal peaks
    get into non-linear region of the power amplifier
    causing signal distortion.
    • The other limitation of OFDM in many
    applications is that it is very sensitive to
    frequency errors caused by frequency
    differences between the local oscillators in the
    transmitter and the receiver. Carrier frequency
    offset causes a number of impairments
    including attenuation and rotation of each of
    the subcarriers and inter carrier interference
    (ICI) between subcarriers.
    TECHNIQUES FOR
    REMOVAL OF PAPR
     ACTIVE CONSTELLATION EXTENSION
     CONSTANT ENVELOPE
     PTS TECHNIQUE
     REPEATED CLIPPING & FREQUENCY DOMAIN
    FREQUENCY
     SLM
    THANKS FOR YOUR
    PRECIOUS TIME

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