Literature of The Philippines During The American Colonization Period

LITERATURE OF THE
PHILIPPINES DURING THE

AMERICAN COLONIZATION
PERIOD (1898-1946)
Introduction
Philippine literary
productions was inspired
by developments in
education and culture.
”
◉ Free instruction for all children
of school age
◉ The use of English as the
medium of instructions in all
public schools
Free Public Education
made knowledge and
information accesible to
all Filipinos
”
The Period of
Apprenticeship
1910-1930
The Period of
Emergence
1920-1930
Short Stories
◉ In fiction, the period of apprenticeship in
literary writing in English is marked by
imitation of the style of storytelling and strict
adherence to the craft of the short story as
practiced by popular American fictionists.
Early short story writers in English were often
dubbed as the Andersons or Saroyans or the
Hemingways of Philippine letters.
Short Stories
◉Examples:
“Dead stars” (P. Marquez-Benitez,
1925)
“The Small Key” (P. Latorena,
1927)
Novels
◉ The combination of writing in a borrowed tongue
while dwelling on Filipino customs and traditions
earmarked the literary output of major Filipino
fictionists in English during the American period.
Thus, the major novels of the period, such as
the Filipino Rebel, by Maximo Kalaw, and His Native
Soil by Juan C. Laya, are discourses on cultural
identity, nationhood and being Filipino done in the
English language.
Novels
◉ Examples:
“How My Brother Leon Brought Home a Wife” -
Manuel Arguilla
“Children of the Ash Covered Loam” - N.V. M.
Gonzales’s
“A Child of sorrow” (Z. Galang , 1921)
Plays
◉ written by a playwright, usually
consisting of dialogue
between characters, intended
for theatrical performance
rather than just reading.
Plays
◉ Examples:
Kahapon, Ngayon, Bukas – Aurelio
Tolentino
Tanikalang Ginto- Juan Abad
Malaya- Tomas Remigio
Walang Sugat- Severino Reyes (1902)
Characteristics of
Literature in the
American Period
Characteristics of PH Lit
in the American Period
There were three
◉ Spanish ◉
groups of writers
and during the time-
Spanish, Filipino
Tagalog and English
(American) writers
still
dominated.
The writers
THE FILIPINO WRITERS
called as “Tagalog poets of the Heart”
THE SPANISH WRITERS THE AMERICAN
Lope K. Santos - “Father of the WRITERS
They are accustomed to
Filipino Grammar”and Apo of the
write on nationalism like Imitated the themes and
Tagalog writers”, “Banaag at Sikat”
honoring Rizal and other methods of the Americans
heroes Amado V. Hernandez - “First King of
-The Period of Re-
Balagtasan and pillar in the Tagalog
Cecilio Apostol - Orientation (1898-1910)
Literature”, “Luha ng Buwaya & Ang
“Masterpiece: A Rizal” -The Period of Imitation
Panday”
Fernando Maria Guerro - (1910-1925)
Jose Corazon de Jesus “The
“Prince of Filipino lyric -The Period of Self-
Legendary Lyric Poet”, “Ang Isang
poets in Spanish”, Discovery (1925-1941)
Punongkahoy (A Tree)”
“Crisalidas”
Opening of
Schools
Literature in
Spanish
Jose Rizal inspired many
filipinos and lead them to
write praise about him and
his colleagues
”
Writers who extended
their praise
◉ Cecilio Apostol
◉ Fernando Ma. Guerrero
◉ Jesus Balmori
◉ Manuel Bernabe
◉ Claro M. Recto
The New Filipino
Literature during the
American period
◉ Philippine literature in Tagalog
was revived during this period.
◉ Most themes in the writings dealt
with Japanese brutalities, of the
poverty of life under the Japanese
government and the brave guerilla
exploits.
◉ Tagalog poetry acquired not only
rhyme but substance and
meaning. Short stories had better
characters and events based on
facts and realities and themes
were more meaningful.
◉ Novels became common but were
still read by the people for
recreation. The people’s love for
listening to poetic jousts increased
more than before and people
started to flock to places to hear
poetic debate.
Tagalog
Literature
Tagalog Short Stories
◉ Mga Kwentong Ginto (Golden
Stories) was published in 1936
◉ Kwentong Ginto ng 50 Batikang
Kwentista was published in 1939
Tagalog Poetry
◉ Tagalog poets during the
American period were able to
compose different poems.
Although poetry writing is as old
as history, poetry still surfaces
with its sweetness, beauty and
melody.
Tagalog Poetry
Poet of the Heart Poet of the Laborers
(Makata ng Puso) (Makata ng Manggagawa)
◉ Inigo Ed Regalado ◉ Amadeo V. Hernandez -
◉ Carlos Gatmaitan He pictures in his
poems the intense love
◉ Pedro Deogracias del
of the poor workers or
Rosario
laborers.
◉ Ildefonso Santos
Ilocano Literature
◉ Pedro Bukaneg – “FATHER OF
ILOCANO
LITERATURE”
His name was derived from
Bukanegan which means Balagtasan.
(Poetic contest in Ilocano)
Ilocano Literature
◉ Claro Caluya –
◎ “Prince of ILOCANO
POETS”
◎ Known as poet and novelist.
Ilocano Literature
◉ Leon Pichay –
◎ Known as the “BEST 3
BUKANEGERO”.
◎ Also a poet, novelist, short story
writer, dramatist and essayist.

Kapampangan Literature
◉ Juan Crisostomo Soto –
◎ Father of Kapampangan
literature
◎ Crisotas (balagtasan in
Tagalog) was named after
him.
Kapampangan Literature
◉ Aurelio Tolentino –
◎ translated Kahapon, Ngayon
at Bukas to Napon, Ngeni at
Bukas
◉
Visayan Literature
◉ Eriberto Gumban –
◎ Father of Visayan Literature
◎ Wrote Zarzuela, Moro-Moro
and a play in Visayan
language
Visayan Literature
◉ Magdalen Jalandoni –
◎wrote the novel
Tunukasan Isa Ca
Bulaklak

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LITERATURE OF THE

PHILIPPINES DURING THE

writer, dramatist and essayist.

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