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    Neonatal Sepsis

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    Justine Nyangaresi
    This document discusses neonatal sepsis and infections. It describes risk factors for infection like maternal fever and prolonged rupture of membranes. Signs of infection include inability to breastfeed, convulsions, and fever. Localized infections show fewer signs while generalized infections require hospital admission and IV antibiotics. Prevention focuses on hygiene while management consists of supportive care, antibiotics, and feeding assistance. Special protocols address HIV, TB, and syphilis in at-risk babies.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Neonatal Sepsis

    Uploaded by

    Justine Nyangaresi
    205 views20 pages
    This document discusses neonatal sepsis and infections. It describes risk factors for infection like maternal fever and prolonged rupture of membranes. Signs of infection include inability to breastfeed, convulsions, and fever. Localized infections show fewer signs while generalized infections require hospital admission and IV antibiotics. Prevention focuses on hygiene while management consists of supportive care, antibiotics, and feeding assistance. Special protocols address HIV, TB, and syphilis in at-risk babies.

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    This document discusses neonatal sepsis and infections. It describes risk factors for infection like maternal fever and prolonged rupture of membranes. Signs of infection include inability to breastfeed, convulsions, and fever. Localized infections show fewer signs while generalized infections require hospital admission and IV antibiotics. Prevention focuses on hygiene while management consists of supportive care, antibiotics, and feeding assistance. Special protocols address HIV, TB, and syphilis in at-risk babies.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    205 views20 pages

    Neonatal Sepsis

    Uploaded by

    Justine Nyangaresi
    This document discusses neonatal sepsis and infections. It describes risk factors for infection like maternal fever and prolonged rupture of membranes. Signs of infection include inability to breastfeed, convulsions, and fever. Localized infections show fewer signs while generalized infections require hospital admission and IV antibiotics. Prevention focuses on hygiene while management consists of supportive care, antibiotics, and feeding assistance. Special protocols address HIV, TB, and syphilis in at-risk babies.

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    Division of Reproductive Health

    Neonatal Sepsis

    DRH/MOH

    Division of Reproductive Health


    Learning Objectives
    • Describe ways of preventing neonatal infections.

    • Identify Risk factors for neonatal infections.

    • Identify signs of neonatal infections.

    • Describe management of neonatal infections.

    • Describe the management of congenitally


    transmitted specific infections.

    Division of Reproductive Health


    Risk factors for neonatal infections
    Maternal factors Newborn Factors
    • High fever (temperature • Prematurity and low birth
    >37.9 C before delivery weight
    or during labour).
    • Ruptured membranes • Asphyxia
    more than 18 hours
    before delivery. • Hypothermia
    • Foul smelling amniotic
    fluid.
    • Failure to observe
    universal infection
    prevention procedures
    Division of Reproductive Health
    Signs of severe infection in a newborn
    • Unable to breastfeed. • Grunting
    • Convulsions. • Severe chest in-drawing
    • Drowsy or unconscious. • Central cyanosis
    • Respiratory rate less than • Generalized body stiffness
    20/min or apnea (cessation • Severe skin pustules
    of breathing for >15 secs). • Others
    • Respiratory rate greater  Deep jaundice
    than 60/min.  Severe abdominal
    • High pitched cry. distension
    • Fever > 37.50C.  Bulging anterior fontanel

    • Low temperature <35.50C.

    Division of Reproductive Health


    Signs of Localized Infections
    • Less than 10 skin pustules

    • Redness extending to the peri-umbilical area

    • Umbilicus draining pus

    • Oral thrush

    • Painful/warm swollen joints

    • Eye discharge

    Division of Reproductive Health


    Prevention of neonatal infections

    • Observe universal precaution for prevention

    • Routine care of the newborn

    • Early diagnosis and management

    Division of Reproductive Health


    Management
    • Admit/Refer to hospital if any of the danger signs are
    present.
    • Provide antibiotics therapy- Refer to basic paediatric
    protocol.
    • Treatment for local infections- Refer to basic
    paediatric protocol.
    • Treatment for eye infections- Refer to basic
    paediatric protocol.
    • Provide supportive care including vital signs and
    feeding.
    Division of Reproductive Health
    Other Treatments
    • Vitamin K: must be given to all sick infants
    • If weight below 1.5kg’s give 0.5 mg
    • If above 1.5kg’s give 1 mg of vitamin K (IM).

    • Convulsions treat with IM phenobarbital:


    • Loading dose of 20 mg/kg).
    • If needed, continue with oral phenobarbital 5 mg/kg once
    daily.

    Division of Reproductive Health


    Feeding
    • Encourage the mother to • Increase the amount of fluid
    breastfeed frequently to given over the first 3–7 days
    prevent hypoglycemia. (total amount, oral or IV).
    • If unable to feed orally, give
    expressed breast milk by DAY MLS/KG/DAY
    nasogastric tube. 1 60
    • Withhold oral feeding and give 2 80
    IV fluids in the following acute 3 100
    phase in babies:
    1 60
    • Those having frequent
    convulsions
    • Those with severe • Then slowly increase to 150
    abdominal distension ml/kg/day.

    Division of Reproductive Health


    Insertion of a Nasogastric Tube - I
    • Hold tip of tube against child’s nose.
    • Measure distance from nose to ear lobe, then to epigastrium.
    Mark tube at this point.
    • Hold child firmly.
    • Lubricate tip with water. Pass it directly into one nostril,
    pushing slowly.
    • It should pass easily down into stomach without resistance.
    • When measured distance is reached, fix tube with tape at
    nose.

    Division of Reproductive Health


    Insertion of a Nasogastric Tube - 2
    • Aspirate small amount of stomach contents with syringe
    to confirm tube is in place (check that it turns blue litmus
    paper pink).
    • If no aspirate is obtained, inject air down the tube and
    listen over the abdomen with a stethoscope.
    • If in doubt about location of tube, withdraw and start
    again.
    • When tube is in place, fix 20-ml syringe (without the
    plunger) to end of tube.
    • Pour food or fluid into syringe, allowing it to flow by
    gravity.
    Division of Reproductive Health
    Oxygen Therapy

    Oxygen is needed in young infants with any of the


    following signs:
    • Central cyanosis
    • Respiratory distress

    Division of Reproductive Health


    Methods of Oxygen Administration

    Division of Reproductive Health


    SPECIAL TREATMENT NEEDS FOR
    BABIES AT RISK - HIV/ TB/ SYPHILIS.

    Division of Reproductive Health


    Learning Objectives

    By the end of this session, the participant should be


    able to:
    • Identify babies at risk of congenitally transmitted
    HIV, TB and Syphilis.
    • Describe the management of these babies.

    Division of Reproductive Health


    Risk Identification

    Ask, check, record if RISK


    mother:

    Tested VDRL Positive. CONGENITAL SYPHILIS

    Tested HIV Positive. HIV TRANSMISSION

    Receiving TB treatment TUBERCULOSIS


    which began <2 months ago

    Division of Reproductive Health


    Management

    Division of Reproductive Health


    Summary
    • Use universal precautions to prevent newborn
    infections.
    • Risk factors of neonatal sepsis are maternal
    infection, prolonged rupture of membranes, Small-
    for-age, asphyxia, hypothermia.
    • Important to know the danger signs!!
    • Must discriminate between localized and generalized
    infection and treat appropriately.
    • Important to identify babies at risk for congenitally
    transmitted infections.

    Division of Reproductive Health


    Division of Reproductive Health

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