Sistem Respirasi
Sistem Respirasi
Sistem Respirasi
PERNAFASAN MANUSIA
fig 13-1
3
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
Figure 22.1
MAJOR FUNCTIONS OF THE RESPIRATORY
SYSTEM
• To supply the body with oxygen and dispose of carbon
dioxide
• Respiration – four distinct processes must happen
1. Pulmonary ventilation – moving air into and out of
the lungs
2. External respiration – gas exchange between the
lungs and the blood
3. Transport – transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide
between the lungs and tissues
4. Internal respiration – gas exchange between
systemic blood vessels and tissues
Chapter 22, Respiratory System 5
FUNGSI PARU
1. RESPIRASI
– DIFUSI O2 & CO2
– KESEIMBANGAN ASAM BASA
2. FUNGSI SISTEM IMUNITAS:
– KOTORAN ATAU BENDA ASING YANG MASUK
DAPAT DIKELUARKAN BAIK MELALUI BATUK
ATAUPUN BERSIN.
– MENAMBAH DAN MEMBUANG PESAN-PESAN
KIMIAWI DALAM DARAH SAAT MENGALIR
MELALUI KAPILER PARU-PARU
– MEMERANGKAP BEKUAN-BEKUAN DARAH
YANG TERBENTUK DALAM SISTEM PEMBULUH
DARAH VENA
3. PENYANGGA (BUFFER) VOLUME DARAH MELALUI
SIRKULASI PULMONAR
4. MENGUBAH ANGIOTENSIN I MENJADI
ANGIOTENSIN II
STRUCTURE OF THE NOSE
• The nose is divided into two regions
–The external nose, including the root, bridge,
dorsum nasi, and apex
–The internal nasal cavity
• Philtrum – a shallow vertical groove inferior to
the apex
• The external nares (nostrils) are bounded
laterally by the alae
7
STRUCTURE OF THE NOSE
Figure 22.2a
STRUCTURE OF THE NOSE
17
Pharynx
• Funnel-shaped tube of skeletal muscle that connects to
the:
– Nasal cavity and mouth superiorly
– Larynx and esophagus inferiorly
• Extends from the base of the skull to the level of the sixth
cervical vertebra
• It is divided into three regions
– Nasopharynx
– Oropharynx
– Laryngopharynx
18
Chapter 22, Respiratory System 19
Nasopharynx
• Lies posterior to the nasal cavity, inferior to the
sphenoid, and superior to the level of the soft
palate
• Strictly an air passageway
• Lined with pseudostratified columnar epithelium
• Closes during swallowing to prevent food from
entering the nasal cavity
• The pharyngeal tonsil lies high on the posterior wall
• Pharyngotympanic (auditory) tubes open into the
lateral walls Chapter 22, Respiratory System 20
Chapter 22, Respiratory System 21
Oropharynx
• Extends inferiorly from the level of the soft palate to
the epiglottis
• Opens to the oral cavity via an archway called the
fauces
• Serves as a common passageway for food and air
• The epithelial lining is protective stratified
squamous epithelium
• Palatine tonsils lie in the lateral walls of the fauces
• Lingual tonsil covers the base of the tongue
Chapter 22, Respiratory System 22
Laryngopharynx
• Serves as a common passageway for food and
air
• Lies posterior to the upright epiglottis
• Extends to the larynx, where the respiratory
and digestive pathways diverge
44
INHALASI
PROSES INHALASI ADALAH
(TINDAKAN MENGHIRUP
UDARA KE DALAM PARU-
PARU MELALUI HIDUNG
DAN MULUT) DIMULAI DARI
PERGERAKAN DIAFRAGMA
DAN DIBANTU OLEH OTOT-
OTOT INTERCOSTA
EKSTERNA
APA YANG MENYEBABKAN
UDARA BISA MASUK KE
DALAM PARU-PARU
KETIKA INHALASI?
PROSES INHALASI
DIAFRAGMA BERKONTRAKSI BAGIAN MM. INTERCOSTALIS EXTERNA BERKON-
SENTRAL TERDORONG KEBAWAH , DAN TRAKSI MENGANGKAT TULANG
BAGIAN TEPI TERTARIK KEATAS IGA YANG DIBAWAH KELUAR DAN
KEATAS
dilaksanakan oleh :
pernapasanmerangsang
dahulu Chemoreseptor di
Glomus Caroticus dan
Glomus Aorticus
diteruskan ke pusat
pernapasan oleh n.Vagus
dan n.Glossopharyngeus.
PENGATURAN PERNAPASAN OLEH
PUSAT PERNAPASAN
• Meddulary Rythmicity Area Medulla
Oblongata
• Pneumotaxic Area
Pons
• Apneustik Area
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