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    CH 3.4 Law of Definite Proportions 11-12

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    Sumera Sarwar
    The document discusses the law of definite proportions, which states that a chemical compound always contains the same elements in the same proportions by mass, regardless of the amount. It provides examples of calculating the percent by mass of elements in compounds like sucrose. It also presents practice problems calculating percent composition from elemental masses and determining if unknown compounds are the same based on their percent compositions.

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    CH 3.4 Law of Definite Proportions 11-12

    Uploaded by

    Sumera Sarwar
    314 views14 pages
    The document discusses the law of definite proportions, which states that a chemical compound always contains the same elements in the same proportions by mass, regardless of the amount. It provides examples of calculating the percent by mass of elements in compounds like sucrose. It also presents practice problems calculating percent composition from elemental masses and determining if unknown compounds are the same based on their percent compositions.

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    Ch 3.4 Law of Definite Proportions 11-12

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    The document discusses the law of definite proportions, which states that a chemical compound always contains the same elements in the same proportions by mass, regardless of the amount. It provides examples of calculating the percent by mass of elements in compounds like sucrose. It also presents practice problems calculating percent composition from elemental masses and determining if unknown compounds are the same based on their percent compositions.

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    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    314 views14 pages

    CH 3.4 Law of Definite Proportions 11-12

    Uploaded by

    Sumera Sarwar
    The document discusses the law of definite proportions, which states that a chemical compound always contains the same elements in the same proportions by mass, regardless of the amount. It provides examples of calculating the percent by mass of elements in compounds like sucrose. It also presents practice problems calculating percent composition from elemental masses and determining if unknown compounds are the same based on their percent compositions.

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    Law of Definite Proportions

     Regardless of the amount, a


    compound is always composed of the
    same elements in the same proportion
    by mass.

     The proportions are found by


    calculating the percent by mass.
    Percent by Mass
     Based on the law of conservation of
    mass

    MASS compd = sum of MASSES elements

     % by mass = MASSelement x 100%


    MASScompd
    Percent by Mass
     Example on page 75
     Sucrose = Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen

     To find percent by mass of each element:

    C= (mass C / mass of sucrose) x 100%


    H= (mass H / mass of sucrose) x 100%
    O= (mass O / mass of sucrose) x 100%
    Percent by Mass (20g of sucrose)
    Element Analysis by Percent by mass
    mass (g) (%)
    Carbon 8.4 8.4 x 100 = 42%
    20.0
    Hydrogen 1.3 1.3 x 100 = 6.5%
    20.0
    Oxygen 10.3 10.3 x 100 = 51.5%
    20.0
    Total 20.0 100%
    (Sucrose)
    Percent by Mass (500g sucrose)
    Element Analysis by Percent by mass
    mass (g) (%)
    Carbon 210.5 210.5 x 100 = 42%
    500.0
    Hydrogen 32.4 32.4 x 100 = 6.5%
    500.0
    Oxygen 257.1 257.1 x 100 = 51.5%
    500.0
    Total 500.0 100%
    (Sucrose)
    Law of Definite Proportions
     Therefore, mass percentages of
    elements in a compound do NOT
    depend on amount.

     Compounds with the same mass


    proportions must be the same
    compound
    Practice Problems
    Q: A 78.0 g sample of an unknown
    compound contains 12.4g of
    hydrogen. What is the percent by
    mass of hydrogen in the compound?
    A: % Mass H = mass H x 100%
    mass comp
    = 12.4g x 100%
    78.0g
    = 15.9%
    Practice Problems
    Q: If 3.5 g of X reacts with 10.5g of Y to
    form the compound XY, what is the
    percent by mass of X in the compound?
    A: % Mass X = mass X x 100%
    mass XY
    = 3.5g x 100%
    (3.5 + 10.5)g
    = 25%
    Practice Problems
    Q: If 3.5 g of X reacts with 10.5g of Y to
    form the compound XY, how many
    grams of Y would react to form XY2?

    A: Mass YXY = 2 ( Mass YXY ) 2

    = 2 ( 10.5g)
    = 21.0 g
    Practice Problems
    Q: 2 unknown compounds are tested.
    Compound 1 contains 15.0g of
    hydrogen and 120.0g oxygen.
    Compound 2 contains 2.0g of
    hydrogen and 32.0g oxygen. Are the
    compounds the same?

    HINT!! If % Masses = , then they are the same


    Practice Problems
    A: Compd 1-
    %H = [15.0 / (15.0+120.0)] x 100%
    = 11.1%
    %O = [120.0 / (15.0+120.0)] x 100%
    = 88.9%
    Compd 2-
    %H = [2.0 / (2.0+32.0)] x 100%
    = 5.9%
    %O = [32.0 / (2.0+32.0)] x 100%
    = 94.1%
    NOT THE SAME COMPOUNDS
    More Practice
    Complete #s 10 – 13 on page 28-29 of
    Solving Problems: A Chemistry
    Handbook.
    More Practice (ANSWERS)
    10. a) % Bromine = 72.9%
    b) Total = 100%

    11. % Hydrogen = 4.48%


    % Carbon = 60.00%
    % Oxygen = 35.52%

    12. % Sulfur = 33.6%


    % Copper = 66.4%

    13. Mass of oxygen = 14.6g


    Handout Key
    1. Since the mass percentages in the unknown
    compound are the same as in sucrose, the
    compound must be sucrose.
    2. Since amount does NOT affect mass percentages,
    the mass percentage of carbon is 42.40% in 5, 50,
    and 500 g of sucrose.
    3. 51.30% = [Mass O / 50.00g sucrose] x 100%
    Mass O = [51.30 / 100] x 50.00 = 25.65g
    4. 42.40% = [Mass C / 100.0g sucrose] x 100%
    Mass C = [42.40 / 100] x 100.0 = 42.40g
    5. 6.50% = [Mass H / 6.0 g sucrose] x 100%
    Mass H = [6.50 / 100] x 6.0 = 0.39g
    7. % Cl= [12.13g Cl / 20.00g salt] x 100% = 60.65%
    % Na= [7.87g Na / 20.00g salt] x 100% = 39.4%

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