Biology Form 5: Prepared By: En. Muhd Fazli B. Dollah Biology Teacher SBP Integrasi Gopeng

BIOLOGY FORM 5
PREPARED BY :
EN. MUHD FAZLI B. DOLLAH
BIOLOGY TEACHER
SBP INTEGRASI GOPENG
1
SUBTOPICS
• The Importance of Having a Transport System in
Some Multicellular Organisms
• The Circulatory System
• The Mechanism of Blood Clotting
• The Lymphatic System
• The Role of the Circulatory System in the Body’s
Defence Mechanism
• Appreciating a Healthy Cardiovascular System
• The Transport of Substances in Plants
• The Transport of Organic Substances & Water in
Plants 2
3
1.1 - The Importance of Having
a Transport System in Some
Multicellular Organisms
• LEARNING OUTCOMES :
• To identify the problem that could be
faced by multicellular organisms in
obtaining their cellular requirements
& getting rid of their waste products
• To suggest how the problem is

overcome in multicellular organisms
4
1.1 - The Importance of Having a
Transport System in Some Multicellular
Organisms
• All living organisms need

to constantly exchange
substances between cells
& their external
environment (food, waste
& gases).
• All this process is

performed by a transport
system. 5
• Small organisms have a large total surface area
to volume (TSA/V) ratio. So, diffusion of
substances occurs rapidly (short distance only).
• Some simple organisms such as flatworms have thin

flatten bodies  provide a large surface area
• In Hydra, water enters through the mouth into the

body cavity. As the body wall is only two cell layers
thick, substances can move rapidly into or out of
the body cells.
• Do not require a specialised internal transport

system 6
• Larger organisms, increased need for
more nutrients & oxygen to be supplied to
the larger number of cells. Need to
excrete more waste products.
• The size increases, TSA/V ratio

decreases.
• Many of the body cells are too far away

from the external surface or between
different parts of the body.
• Simple diffusion occurs at too slow a rate

to sustain cellular activities.
7
• Larger multicellular organisms have
adapted by developing specialised
structures to increase the surface area for
exchange of substances.
• Have developed an internal transport
system of vessels or tubes.
• In human & more complex animals, there

is development of a blood circulation
system to carry the substances.
• In plants, transport of substances is

carried out by the vascular system (xylem
& phloem).
8
EXPERIMENT 1.1 : Determining
the relationship between total surface
area to volume ratio & its effect on the
rate of diffusion
• AIM : To determine the relationship between
TSA/V ratio & its effect on the rate of diffusion
• PROBLEM STATEMENT : What is the effect of
TSA/V ratio on the rate of diffusion of
substances?
• HYPOTHESIS : the larger the size of the
object, the smaller the total surface area to
volume ratio & the lower the rate of diffusion
9
• VARIABLES : Manipulated – size of potato cubes,
Responding – Area stained relative to total
surface area of cut surface, Fixed – red ink
solution, potato
• MATERIAL : potatoes, coloured solution
• APPARATUS : 400 ml beaker, white tile, knife,
ruler & forcep.
• PROCEDURE :
– A knife is used to cut 3 potato cubes with the
dimensions 1cm x 1cm x 1cm, 2cm x 2cm x 2cm, 4cm
x 4cm x4cm
– The 3 potato cubes are immersed in coloured solution
for 30 minutes
10
• PROCEDURE (cont…)
– The potato cubes are removed from the
beaker. Each potato is cut in half. The region
stained by the colour solution are observed.
11
•RESULT :
A B C
Original length (cm) 1 2 4
Original width (cm) 1 2 4
Original height (cm) 1 2 4
Total surface area (cm2)
Volume (cm3)
TSA/V ratio
Relative rate of diffusion
12
• DISCUSSION :
– Answer the questions inside the practical book
page 3
• CONCLUSION :
– Make your own conclusion
13
END
OF
SUBTOPIC 1.1
OPPS…DON’T FORGET TO COPY

EXERCISE ON THE NEXT PAGE!!
14
EXERCISE 1.1
1. State two problems faced by multicellular
organisms in obtaining their cellular
requirements & removing waste product.
2. State how these problems are overcome

in multicellular organisms.
3. Explain why unicellular organisms do not

face the problems listed in (Q1).
15
Iyah..iyah.
.Iyah….
16

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BIOLOGY FORM 5

• To suggest how the problem is

• All living organisms need

• All this process is

• Some simple organisms such as flatworms have thin

• In Hydra, water enters through the mouth into the

• Do not require a specialised internal transport

• The size increases, TSA/V ratio

• Many of the body cells are too far away

• Simple diffusion occurs at too slow a rate

• In human & more complex animals, there

• In plants, transport of substances is

OPPS…DON’T FORGET TO COPY

2. State how these problems are overcome

3. Explain why unicellular organisms do not

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