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Tench Excavate

This document discusses the history and future of trenchless construction methods. It outlines how horizontal directional drilling, microtunneling, and direct pipe installations have evolved from early experiments in the 1960s to complex projects completed today. The benefits of trenchless techniques include protecting the environment by minimizing surface disruption, reducing public impacts, and enabling crossings through difficult terrain. Emerging technologies like UAVs, improved steering, and pressure modeling may further advance trenchless construction.

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nazmul hassan
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70 views24 pages

Tench Excavate

This document discusses the history and future of trenchless construction methods. It outlines how horizontal directional drilling, microtunneling, and direct pipe installations have evolved from early experiments in the 1960s to complex projects completed today. The benefits of trenchless techniques include protecting the environment by minimizing surface disruption, reducing public impacts, and enabling crossings through difficult terrain. Emerging technologies like UAVs, improved steering, and pressure modeling may further advance trenchless construction.

Uploaded by

nazmul hassan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Overview

Where we started
• Horizontal Directional Drilling 1960’s
• Evolution of the process

Where we are today


• HDD
• Microtunneling
• Direct Pipe
• Crossing Process

Where we’re going


• UAV
• Steering
• Pressure modeling
• As-building

Trenchless Benefits
Where we started
 Martin Cherrington – 1963

 Testing various angles of discarded drill stem


 Increased angles = increased lengths prior to bit surfacing

 Pajaro River, Watsonville CA – 1971


 1 Month
 150m
 NPS4 Gas Pipe
Evolution of HDD
 Magnetic Steering Systems – 1980
 “Below ground compass”

 Mud motor with bent sub

 Slant face drill bit

 Commercialization
 Bigger rigs

 Intersect method
Where we are today – HDD
 Frequently used trenchless crossing technology

 Multi-phase, surface launched, steerable equipment

 Phases
 Pilot hole
 Reaming
 Wiper
 Lifting
 Pullback
HDD – Pilot Hole
 Tooling available in various sizes
 Hard rock / soft soils
 Mud rotary
 Jetting assembly

 Steering phase
 Walk over
 Wireline – magnetic field

 20m road crossings

 2,500m river valleys


HDD – Reaming & Cleaning
 Enlarge pilot hole to sufficient final diameter for product line

 Incremental enlargements based on geology

 Clean and assess hole condition prior to lifting and pullback

 Up to NPS48 (1524mm diameter) installations in Canada


HDD – Pipeline Lifting
 Elevated to minimize stress on pipeline during installation
HDD – Pullback
 Pullhead attached to product pipeline

 Use HDD rig to install product pipeline


Microtunnelling
 Shaft launched, steerable crossing method

 Continuously supported borehole

 Commonly used for on-grade installations

 “Micro” refers to < 3.0m diameter


Microtunnelling
 Surface controlled microtunnel boring machine (MTBM)

 Continuous pressure at cutting face to balance groundwater


and earth pressures

 Cuttings transported in slurry

 Variable geology
 Select cutting face
 Sufficient bearing strength
 Boulders up to 1/3 of cutter diameter
Microtunnelling
 Typical Drive lengths
 1200mm I.D. up to 700m
 1500mm I.D. up to 1000m
 1800mm I.D. up to 1500m

 Segmented pipes are hydraulically jacked along alignment


 butt-end joint reinforced pipe
 High compressive strength
 2.4m – 3.0m lengths
Direct Pipe
 Emerging trenchless
technology in North
America

 “Hybrid between HDD


and Microtunnel”

 Thruster clamps
directly onto product
pipeline to advance
the MTBM
Direct Pipe
 Installation of prefabricated pipe and
borehole excavation in single step

 Pipe support as temporary structures

 Variable geology
 Boulders up to 1/3 of cutter diameter
 Sufficient bearing strength
 Select cutting face

 Minimal exit side requirements


 Job equipment located at entry
 MTBM retrieval at exit
Direct Pipe
 Smaller annular overcut

 Reduced downhole pressures


 Reduce depth of cover requirements

 Continuous pipeline installation vs. segmented pipe

 Large diameter pipelines ( > NPS30 in Canada)

 Single side operations

 Continuous borehole support


Method Comparison
Metric HDD Microtunnel Direct Pipe
Length 3000m 1800m 1800m
Diameter 1219mm (NPS 48) 600mm – 3000mm 800mm – 1600mm
Phases Multiple Single Single
Borehole Unsupported Supported Supported
Geology Cohesive soils Various geology Various geology
Stable bedrock Bedrock Bedrock
Avoid granular Sufficient bearing Sufficient bearing
Launch Surface Shaft Surface / Shaft
Application Variety of pipelines Segmented pipe Prefabricate pipe
Steel / Plastic Large diameters Large diameters
Long distances On/off grade On/off grade
Off grade
Crossing Process – Planning
 Crossing location constrained by available pipeline geometry

 Optimize crossing alignment

 Minimize impact

 Workspaces

 Site access
Investigation
 Desktop studies

 Site reconnaissance

 Geotechnical drills

 Geophysical studies

 Environmental
Engineering & Design
 Required workspaces and pullback layout space

 Pipeline design
 material properties, operating conditions, stress analysis, geometry

 Push/pull forces

 Drilling fluid pressure

 Borehole diameter

 Owner
 Project objectives
 cost, schedule, risk
Pipeline Stress Analysis
 Curved crossings utilize available elastic bending within pipe

 Pipeline specifications
 Grade
 Wall thickness
 Temperature
 Pressure

 Operating conditions

 Installation conditions
Engineering Challenges
 Technical – Is trenchless construction technically feasible with
current equipment, tools, methodology and available
expertise based on site geology and crossing geometry?

 Contractual – Are the project risks and costs known with


enough clarity and sufficient accuracy to define in a scope
and contract for execution?

 Economical – Can installation be achieved in a favourable


cost & time relationship to the project stakeholders?

 Environmental – Will the installation method provide suitable


environmental protection?
Where we’re going – UAV’s
 Aerial Surveillance
 Chemical markers
 Thermal scanning
 Line of site monitoring

 Topography survey
 3-D ground profile
 Logistics / planning

 Improved safety
 Night time inspection
Drilling Fluids
 Annular pressure models are theoretical and variable
 Ground conditions in Canada – Historic glacial activity
 Existing fractures / fissures

 Improvements in fluid systems


 Reduced drilling pressures
 Processing equipment on-site
 Drilling fluid engineering

 Reduced fluid losses


 Ability to better seal fractures
 Recycle drilling fluids
 Less water
Steering
 Gyroscopic tooling
 Eliminates requirements for wireline
 Railways
 Wide-fast flowing rivers
 Canyons

 Improved steering accuracy


 Increased safety working near
existing infrastructure - Urban
 Outside range of post installation
locatable depth
 Improved as-built data
Trenchless Benefits
 Protect The Environment
 Minimal surface disruption between entry/exit points
 Preserves sensitive ecology – watercourses / wetlands
 Allows more direct routing with ability to cross below obstacles
 Reduced erosion and sedimentation
 No digging / open cutting – No disturbance and maintenance

 Minimize Public Impact


 No closures to infrastructure - major roadways or railways

 Traverse Difficult Terrain


 Able to cross below steep slopes and unstable banks which would
be difficult or not possible to construct conventionally

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