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    Enzymes PPT by Utkarsh Satish

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    Utkarsh Satish
    This document discusses enzymes, which are protein molecules that act as catalysts in cells. There are over 2000 known enzymes, each involved in a specific chemical reaction. Enzymes speed up reactions and allow them to occur with less energy. They do this by binding to substrates and orienting them for reaction. The active site of the enzyme fits the substrate like a lock and key. Enzymes are also affected by factors like temperature and pH - they function best within an optimal range. The document provides examples of optimal pH levels for different enzymes like lipase, pepsin, trypsin and amylase.

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    Enzymes PPT by Utkarsh Satish

    Uploaded by

    Utkarsh Satish
    134 views7 pages
    This document discusses enzymes, which are protein molecules that act as catalysts in cells. There are over 2000 known enzymes, each involved in a specific chemical reaction. Enzymes speed up reactions and allow them to occur with less energy. They do this by binding to substrates and orienting them for reaction. The active site of the enzyme fits the substrate like a lock and key. Enzymes are also affected by factors like temperature and pH - they function best within an optimal range. The document provides examples of optimal pH levels for different enzymes like lipase, pepsin, trypsin and amylase.

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    the function of enzymes made this in 5th standard

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    This document discusses enzymes, which are protein molecules that act as catalysts in cells. There are over 2000 known enzymes, each involved in a specific chemical reaction. Enzymes speed up reactions and allow them to occur with less energy. They do this by binding to substrates and orienting them for reaction. The active site of the enzyme fits the substrate like a lock and key. Enzymes are also affected by factors like temperature and pH - they function best within an optimal range. The document provides examples of optimal pH levels for different enzymes like lipase, pepsin, trypsin and amylase.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    134 views7 pages

    Enzymes PPT by Utkarsh Satish

    Uploaded by

    Utkarsh Satish
    This document discusses enzymes, which are protein molecules that act as catalysts in cells. There are over 2000 known enzymes, each involved in a specific chemical reaction. Enzymes speed up reactions and allow them to occur with less energy. They do this by binding to substrates and orienting them for reaction. The active site of the enzyme fits the substrate like a lock and key. Enzymes are also affected by factors like temperature and pH - they function best within an optimal range. The document provides examples of optimal pH levels for different enzymes like lipase, pepsin, trypsin and amylase.

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    The key takeaways are that enzymes are proteins that catalyze chemical reactions in cells and organisms. They speed up reactions and minimize the energy needed to achieve reactions. There are over 2000 known enzymes, each involved in a specific reaction.

    Enzymes are protein molecules found in cells that catalyze chemical reactions. They are catalysts that optimize cell activity while minimizing energy needed for reactions. Enzymes are necessary for life and each is involved in one specific reaction. The pancreas produces enzymes that break down food into nutrients.

    Enzymes function by binding to substrates at their active site. The shape of the active site fits the substrate like a lock and key. This allows only the correct substrate to bind. Once bound, the enzyme can promote the reaction by orienting substrates, weakening bonds, or coupling reactions.

    Enzymes PPT by Utkarsh Satish

    Class:- 8IG-A
    What are Enzymes?
    Enzymes are catalysts that optimize cell activity while minimizing
    the amount of energy needed to achieve a specific reaction.
    Enzymes are also energized protein molecules found in every living
    cell, and are necessary for life. There are over 2000 known enzymes,
    each of which is involved with one specific chemical reaction. There
    many various proteins, originating from living cells and capable of
    producing certain chemical changes in organic substances by
    catalytic action, such as digestion. These proteins, and their
    functions, are determined by their shape
    In cells and organisms, most reactions are catalyzed by enzymes,
    which are regenerated during the course of a reaction. Biological
    catalysts are physiologically important because they speed up rates
    of reactions that would otherwise be too slow to support life. Our
    bodies naturally produce digestive and metabolic enzymes as they
    are needed. Specifically, the pancreas produces enzymes that break
    down foods into nutrients the body can use for energy and other
    bodily functions.
    Functions of Enzymes :-
    In simple terms, an enzyme functions by binding to one or more of the reactants in a
    reaction. The reactants that bind to the enzyme are known as the substrates of the
    enzyme. The exact location on the enzyme where substrate binding takes place is
    called the active site of the enzyme. The shape of the active site just fits the shape of
    the substrate, somewhat like a lock fits a key. In this way only the correct substrate
    binds to the enzyme.
    Once the substrate or substrates are bound to the enzyme, the enzyme can promote
    the desired reaction in some particular way. What that way is depends on the nature
    of the reaction and the nature of the enzyme. An enzyme may hold two substrate
    molecules in precisely the orientation needed for the reaction to occur. Or binding
    to the enzyme may weaken a bond in a substrate molecule that must be broken
    in the course of the reaction, thus increasing the rate at which the reaction can
    occur.
    An enzyme may also couple two different reactions. Coupling an exothermic
    reaction with an endothermic one allows the enzyme to use the energy released by
    the exothermic reaction to drive the endothermic reaction. In fact, a large variety of
    enzymes couple many different endothermic reactions to the exothermic reaction in
    which ATP is converted by hydrolysis to ADP. In this way, ATP serves as the
    molecular fuel that powers most of the energy-requiring processes of living things.
    Effects of PH :-

    Enzymes are affected by changes in


    ph. The most favorable pH value , the
    point where the enzyme is most
    active, is known as the optimum ph.
    Extremely high or low pH values
    generally result in complete loss of
    activity for most enzymes. pH is also
    a factor in the stability of enzymes.
    As with activity, for each enzyme
    there is also a region of pH optimal
    stability.
    In addition to temperature and pH
    there are other factors, such as ionic
    strength, which can affect the
    enzymatic reaction. Each of these
    physical and chemical parameters
    must be considered and optimized in
    order for an enzymatic reaction to be
    accurate and reproducible.
    Differing pH value of Enzymes

     The following table shows the different pH levels of


    some Enzymes :-
    Enzyme pH Optimum
    Lipase 8.0
    (pancreas)
    Lipase (stomach) 4.0 - 5.0
    Lipase (castor oil) 4.7
    Pepsin 1.5 - 1.6
    Trypsin 7.8 - 8.7
    Urease 7.0
    Invertase 4.5
    Maltase 6.1 - 6.8
    Amylase (pancreas) 6.7 - 7.0

    Amylase (malt) 4.6 - 5.2


    Catalase 7.0

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