Child & Adolescence (Toddler Development)

TODDLER DEVELOPMENT
Reporter : Lozada, Sanchez, Lafuente, and Dungca

TODDLER
A toddler is a child 12 to 36 months old
(1 year – 3 years old). The toddler years
are a time of great cognitive, emotional
and social development. The word from “
to toddle “, which means to walk
unsteadily, like a child of this age
TODDLER
Toddler are ones of rapid change and can be among
the most exciting and challenging for parents and
pediatricians. The most dramatic advances occur in
language and interpersonal skills, but progress is
evident in all areas as development proceeds along the
traditional lines of affective, motor, cognitive and
physical growth.
PHYSICAL APPEARANCE
Following the rapid growth of infancy, the
rapid growth slows in the toddler years.
After age 2, toddlers gain about 5 lb. in
weight and 2.5 inches in height each year.
Growth does not increase steadily; rather,
it often occurs in spurts. It is not unusual for
toddler’s weight to remain the same for
weeks at a time.
The percentage of body fat steadily decreases from
22% at age 1 year to about 12.5 % at age 5 years.
By the end of toddlerhood, increased muscle tone and
decreased body fat give the child the appearance of
being more lean and muscular.
ERICKSON’S STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT FOR
TODDLER
AUTONOMY VS. SHAME AND DOUBT
The child is discovering that he or she has many skills and
abilities. Such skills illustrate the child’s growing sense of
independence and autonomy.
If children in this stage are encouraged and supported in their
increased independence, they become more confident and secure
in their own ability to survive in the world.
GROSS MOTOR SKILLS
Gross motor skill develop rapidly during the toddler
years. Complex gross motor patterns develop, while
balance and coordination improve.
Most children walk without assistance by 18 months.
Soon, they begin to walk faster with few falls.
By 36 months, they have developed their balance and
can stand on one foot briefly.
Toddler delight in their new found skills and often can be
seen experimenting with them. As any person who was
cared for a toddler can attest, they climb, they jump and
they run. Supervision is key to preventing injury because
toddlers sometimes test their skills beyond their abilities in
an attempt to learn and do more.
GROSS MOTOR ABILITIES:
12 Months:
 Throwing and kicking a ball
 Pushing and pulling
 Squatting
 Climbing
18 MONTHS:
 Walking fast, seldom falling
 Running stiffly
 Seating self in a small chair
 Hurling a ball
 Walking up stairs with one hand
held
 Climbing into an adult chair
24 MONTHS:
 Running well without falling
 Walking up and down stairs alone
 Kicking a large ball
36 MONTHS:
 walking well on toes
 jumping from a step
Hopping two or three times
 walking up stairs by alternating feet
 pedaling a tricycle
FINE MOTOR SKILLS
Increasing fine motor abilities during toddlerhood result
from refinements in reaching, grasping, and manipulating
small objects.
FINE MOTOR ABILITIES:
18 MONTHS :
 making a tower of four cubes
 scribbling spontaneously
 imitating a vertical drawing stroke 36 MONTHS :
 copying a circle
24 MONTHS :  drawing a person’s head
 building a six to seven cube tower  copying bridges with cubes
 beginning circular strokes
 inserting a square block into a
performance box
SOCIAL AND EMOTIONAL SKILLS:
Emotional well being during the early years has a
powerful impact on social relationships. Children who are
emotionally healthy are better able to establish and
maintain positive relationships with adults as well as with
peers.
SOCIAL / EMOTIONAL SKILLS ABILITIES:
18 MONTHS :
 removing a garment
 feeding self and spilling food
 hugging a doll
Offering an empty plate
24 MONTHS :
 verbalizing immediate experiences
Referring to self by name
 verbalizing toileting needs
36 MONTHS:
Playing with imaginary friends
Playing cooperatively in small groups
Showing concern about the actions of others
COGNITIVE SKILLS
Involves the progressive building of learning skills, such as
attention, memory and thinking. These crucial skill enable
children to process sensory information and eventually
learn to evaluate, analyze, remember, make comparisons
and understand the cause and effect.
COGNITIVE SKILLS ABILITIES:
Recognize self in mirror
Play for longer periods of time
Enjoy dancing to music
Often says “no” to bedtime and other
requests
Imitate chores
Shows jealousy
LANGUAGE SKILLS
Language is the classic example of the preoperational
use of symbols. Age 2 years, toddlers use language to
convey their thoughts and needs ( such as hunger and pain)
Language skills develop at an extraordinary pace. The 18
months old has a vocabulary of a least 20 words,
primarily of the names and favorite foods and activities.
His receptive language skills will be somewhat more
advanced than the expressive skills, he will understand the
meaning of more complex instructions.
LANGUAGE SKILLS ABILITIES:
18 MONTHS :
Looking selectively at a book
Using 10 to 20 words
Naming and pointing to one picture card
24 MONTHS :
Using two to three word sentences
Using “I”, “me”, “you”
Knowing four directional commands
36 MONTHS :
Using four to five word sentences
Telling stories
Using plurals
INTELLECTUAL SKILLS
It is all about learning. It is a about how individuals
organize their minds, ideas and thoughts to make sense of
world they live in…children learn through the other areas
of development. Physical – through the senses by touching,
looking and listening.
PIAGET’S COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT
Piaget's stages are all very significant in understanding a children and their
behaviour. Piaget came up with many concepts that will help us understand why
children behave the way they do, for example when they throw tantrums. In Piaget
Preoperational Stage occurs in children between the ages of 2-7. Children in this
stage do not understand concrete logic and cannot mentally manipulate information.
Some triggers that make children throw tantrums and behave badly is an
effect of egocentrism. Some children may seem very bright and say they understand
something but in reality children think we view the world just as they do.
PREOPERATIONAL STAGE
During this stage (Toddler through age 7), young children
age able to think things symbolically. Their language use
becomes more mature. They also develop memory and
imagination, which allows them to understand the
difference between past and future, and engage in make-
believe.
WHY KIDS HAVE TANTRUMS?
Temper tantrums range from whining and crying to screaming,
kicking, hitting, and breath holding. They're equally common in
boys and girls and usually happen between the ages of 1 to
3.
Tantrums may happen when kids are tired, hungry, or
uncomfortable; or because they can't get what they want.
Learning to deal with frustration is a skill that children gain
over time.
Tantrums are common during the second year of life, a time
when language skills are starting to develop. Because toddlers
can't yet say what they want, feel, or need, a frustrating
experience may cause a tantrum. As language skills improve,
tantrums tend to decrease.
10 WAYS TO TAME YOUR KID'S TANTRUMS
1. Stay calm
2. Understand Why She Reacts So Strongly
3. Don’t Try to Calm Him Down
4. Give Your Child Some Space
5. The Louder She Yells, the Softer You Should Speak
6. Give a big hug
7. Create a Diversion
8. Offer Food
9. Give Your Kid Incentive to Behave
10. Discipline Without Spanking
THE END
Quiz
a. Toddler
1. What do you call the development of the
child that begins at the 12 months to 36
months? b. Preoperational Stage
2. What do you call the stage where the
child is discovering that he or she has c. 3 to 4 years old
many skills and abilities
3. What do you call the stage where d. Stay Calm
children able to think things symbolically,
develop memory and imagination? e. Erickson’s Stage
4. What age that temper tantrums usually
happen? f. Offer Food
5. What is the first way to tame your kid’s
tantrums?
g. 1 to 3 years old

Child & Adolescence (Toddler Development)

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TODDLER DEVELOPMENT

Reporter : Lozada, Sanchez, Lafuente, and Dungca

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