Stroke 1

GUESS WHAT?
STROKE
GACIAS, KEREN
LIRAG, FRANCIS
MANCENIDO, KAREN
WHAT IS STROKE?
▪ A stroke, or "brain attack," occurs when
blood circulation to the brain fails. Brain
cells can die from decreased blood flow
and the resulting lack of oxygen.
▪ A stroke occurs when the blood supply to
part of your brain is interrupted or reduced,
depriving brain tissue of oxygen and
nutrients. Within minutes, brain cells begin
to die.
F.A.S.T Action
▪ Seek immediate medical attention if you notice any signs or symptoms of a stroke, even if they
seem to fluctuate or disappear. Think "FAST" and do the following:
▪ Face. Ask the person to smile. Does one side of the face droop?
▪ Arms. Ask the person to raise both arms. Does one arm drift
downward? Or is one arm unable to rise up?
▪ Speech. Ask the person to repeat a simple phrase. Is his or her speech
slurred or strange?
▪ Time. If you observe any of these signs, call 911 immediately.
Call 911 or your local emergency number right away. Don't wait to see if symptoms stop. Every
minute counts. The longer a stroke goes untreated, the greater the potential for brain damage and
disability.
If you're with someone you suspect is having a stroke, watch the person carefully while waiting for
emergency assistance.
Warning Signs of Stroke
HOW DID STROKE OCCUR?
 SYMPTOMS
 CAUSES
 RISK FACTORS
SYMPTOMS
▪ Trouble with speaking and understanding. You may experience

confusion. You may slur your words or have difficulty
understanding speech.
▪ Paralysis or numbness of the face, arm or leg. You may develop
sudden numbness, weakness or paralysis in your face, arm or
leg. This often happens just on one side of your body. Try to raise
both your arms over your head at the same time. If one arm
begins to fall, you may be having a stroke. Also, one side of your
mouth may droop when you try to smile.
SYMPTOMS
▪ Trouble with seeing in one or both eyes. You may suddenly

have blurred or blackened vision in one or both eyes, or you
may see double.
▪ Headache. A sudden, severe headache, which may be
accompanied by vomiting, dizziness or altered
consciousness, may indicate you're having a stroke.
▪ Trouble with walking. You may stumble or experience sudden
dizziness, loss of balance or loss of coordination.
CAUSES
▪ There are two broad categories of stroke:
Ischemic stroke –caused by a blockage of blood flow
Hemorrhagic stroke -- caused by bleeding into the brain

ISCHEMIC STROKE
A blockage of a blood vessel in the brain or

neck, called an, is the most frequent cause of
stroke and is responsible for about 80 percent of
strokes.
These blockages stem from three conditions:
▪ The formation of a clot within a blood vessel of
the brain or neck, called thrombosis;
▪ The movement of a clot from another part of
the body such as the heart to the brain, called
embolism; a severe narrowing of an artery in or
leading to the brain, called stenosis (the abnormal
narrowing of a passage in the body.)
ISCHEMIC STROKE
▪ Thrombotic stroke.
- A thrombotic stroke occurs when a blood clot
(thrombus) forms in one of the arteries that supply blood
to your brain. A clot may be caused by fatty deposits
(plaque) that build up in arteries and cause reduced
blood flow (atherosclerosis) or other artery conditions.
• Embolic stroke
- An embolic stroke occurs when a blood clot
or other debris forms away from your brain —
commonly in your heart — and is swept through your
bloodstream to lodge in narrower brain arteries. This
type of blood clot is called an embolus.
Hemorrhagic stroke
Hemorrhagic stroke occurs when a blood vessel in

your brain leaks or ruptures. Brain hemorrhages can
result from many conditions that affect your blood
vessels. These include:
▪ Uncontrolled high blood pressure (hypertension)
▪ Overtreatment with anticoagulants (blood
thinners)
▪ Weak spots in your blood vessel walls (aneurysms)
Types of hemorrhagic stroke include:
A less common cause of hemorrhage is the rupture of an abnormal tangle of thin-

walled blood vessels (arteriovenous malformation).
▪ Intracerebral hemorrhage. In an intracerebral hemorrhage, a blood vessel in the
brain bursts and spills into the surrounding brain tissue, damaging brain cells.
Brain cells beyond the leak are deprived of blood and are also damaged.
- High blood pressure, trauma, vascular malformations, use of blood-thinning
medications and other conditions may cause an intracerebral hemorrhage.
▪ Subarachnoid hemorrhage. In a subarachnoid hemorrhage, an artery on or near

the surface of your brain bursts and spills into the space between the surface of
your brain and your skull. This bleeding is often signaled by a sudden, severe
headache.
- A subarachnoid hemorrhage is commonly caused by the bursting of a small sack-
shaped or berry-shaped aneurysm. After the hemorrhage, the blood vessels in your
brain may widen and narrow erratically (vasospasm), causing brain cell damage by
further limiting blood flow.
Risk factors
Many factors can increase your stroke risk. Some factors can also increase your
chances of having a heart attack. Potentially treatable stroke risk factors include:
Lifestyle risk factors Medical risk factors
• Being overweight or obese  Blood pressure readings higher than 120/80

millimeters of mercury (mm Hg)
• Physical inactivity  Cigarette smoking or exposure to secondhand smoke
• Heavy or binge drinking  High cholesterol
• Use of illicit drugs such as  Diabetes
cocaine and  Obstructive sleep apnea
methamphetamines
 Cardiovascular disease, including heart failure, heart
defects, heart infection or abnormal heart rhythm
 Personal or family history of stroke, heart attack or
transient ischemic attack.
Other factors associated with a higher risk of stroke include:
 Age —People age 55 or older have a higher risk of stroke than
do younger people.
 Race — African-Americans have a higher risk of stroke than do
people of other races.
 Sex — Men have a higher risk of stroke than women. Women
are usually older when they have strokes, and they're more
likely to die of strokes than are men.
 Hormones — use of birth control pills or hormone therapies
that include estrogen, as well as increased estrogen levels from
pregnancy and childbirth.

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GUESS WHAT?

▪ Trouble with speaking and understanding. You may experience

▪ Trouble with seeing in one or both eyes. You may suddenly

▪ There are two broad categories of stroke:

Ischemic stroke –caused by a blockage of blood flow

Hemorrhagic stroke -- caused by bleeding into the brain

A blockage of a blood vessel in the brain or

Hemorrhagic stroke occurs when a blood vessel in

A less common cause of hemorrhage is the rupture of an abnormal tangle of thin-

▪ Subarachnoid hemorrhage. In a subarachnoid hemorrhage, an artery on or near

• Being overweight or obese  Blood pressure readings higher than 120/80

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