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    Preventive Maintenance of Substation Equipment

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    ameer036
    This document gives a brief overview of how preventive maintenance of grid station can be carried out as per schedule.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Preventive Maintenance of Substation Equipment

    Uploaded by

    ameer036
    1K views37 pages
    This document gives a brief overview of how preventive maintenance of grid station can be carried out as per schedule.

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    © © All Rights Reserved

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    PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

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    This document gives a brief overview of how preventive maintenance of grid station can be carried out as per schedule.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    1K views37 pages

    Preventive Maintenance of Substation Equipment

    Uploaded by

    ameer036
    This document gives a brief overview of how preventive maintenance of grid station can be carried out as per schedule.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
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    The document discusses standard operating procedures and preventive maintenance approaches for various equipment in an electrical grid station including transformers, circuit breakers, and telecommunication systems.

    Some of the key equipment discussed for maintenance include transformers, circuit breakers, isolators, surge arrestors, the DC supply system, fire fighting equipment, and telecommunication systems.

    Some objectives of grid station maintenance mentioned include ensuring efficient running of equipment, prolonging the useful life of equipment, and controlling and preventing system disruptions.

    National Transmission & Despatch

    Company Limited

    Preventive Maintenance of Grid Station


    Equipment using Standard Operating Procedure

    AMEER ULLAH KHAN


    Roll No: 3
    Sector Specific Course TSG Kot Lakhpat Lahore
    SOP FOR MAINTENANCE OF SUBSTATION
    EQUIPMENT
    To keep Electrical power system of NTDCL in safe,
    reliable & operating condition…..

    Standard Operating Procedures are formulated to

     Operate & Maintain system properly to perform


    desired functionality.
     Describe work activities & implementation
    frequency
     Adopt Safety precautions to avoid work related
    incidents.
    Contents List

     Concept of Maintenance
     Electrical Equipment Details of Grid Station
    1. Power Transformer
    2. High Voltage Circuit Breakers
    3. Instrument Transformers
    4. Isolators
    5. Surge Arrestors
    6. DC Supply System
    7. Fire Fighting Equipment
    8. Telecommunication Equipment
    o Preliminary operation before Preventive Maintenance
    o Preventive Maintenance of Grid Station
    PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE OF GRID STATION
    EQUIPMENT USING SOP
    Lack of Maintenance may result in failure of
    Operation
    MAINTENANCE

    Breakdown or
    Preventive Maintenance
    Corrective Maintenance
    PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE
     Is undertaken to ensure smooth and efficient
    working of system, equipment

     This type of Maintenance is undertaken as per


    schedule before breakdown of a system or
    equipment

     Repair or replacement are made to ensure that


    no breakdown occurs during any time in service
    For Substation equipment, Preventive
    Maintenance is recommended as failure of
    Substation equipment can not be permitted.
    INTRODUCTION TO ELECTRIC GRID
    The Grid System:
    An Electric Grid is interconnected network for
    delivering Electricity from producer end to
    consumer end

    Major Components of Power System:


     Generating Station produce Electric Power

     HV Transmission Lines carry Power from distant


    sources to load centers
     Grid Station Step down Voltage according to need

     Distribution Lines connect individual consumers


    OBJECTIVES OF GRID STATION MAINTENANCE

    The main objectives of Maintenance of Grid Station


    include:
    o Efficient running of Grid Station equipments

    o Prolong the equipment’s useful life

    o Control and prevent the system disruption


    Transformer Asset Management
    Transformer
    An Electrical device that transforms electrical
    energy from one Voltage level to another as per
    requirement keeping frequency same.

     Transformer is Costly & Essential component of


    Grid Station
     Maintenance activities required for High
    Performance and Long Functional life
     Unplanned failures at any point in Transformer
    life cycle have major consequences
     Preventive maintenance can avert Breakdowns
    MAINTENANCE OF AUTO TRANSFORMER
     Reading of MOG of Main & Conservator Tank
     Color of Silica Gel in Breather

     Auto, Remote and Manual functions of Cooling


    system
     Inspection of Transformer Oil & Winding
    temperature Indicator
     Inspection of Buchholz Relay and Pressure Relief
    Valve
    MAINTENANCE OF AUTO TRANSFORMER….
    Routine Tests
    Following Tests should be carried out routinely to
    ensure the Healthiness of Auto Transformer:
     C&DF Test

     TTR Test

     Electrical protection (Protective Relay Testing)

    (Differential Relays, Thermal Overload, Over


    excitation, Over current relays etc.)
     Mechanical Protection tests (Main Buchholz, Oil &
    Winding Temperature indicator)
    AUTO TRANSFORMER MAINTENANCE (CONTD.)
    o Visual Inspection
    o Reading of MOG (Oil level)
     Main/Conservator Tank
     OLTC
     Bushing
    o Cooling System
     Fans
     Oil Pump
    In case of troubles, investigate control circuit and
    physical conditions of fans & Pump
    o Temperature Gauges
     Oil
     Windings
    AUTO TRANSFORMER MAINTENANCE (CONTD.)
    o Ground Connections
     Main Tank
     Body
     Neutral
     Tertiary Winding Terminal
    o Color of Silica Gel
     Breather of Transformer
    If Color of Silica Gel becomes Pinkish, it should be
    replaced.
    o Oil Leakage
     Main Body
     Radiator Tubes
     Bushing
     OLTC
    Major causes of Transformer Failure
    TRANSFORMER OIL
     Transformer oil serves three purposes
    • Provide Cooling

    • Provide Insulation

    • Help Extinguish Fire

    o Transformer oil loses its Dielectric Strength due


    to dissolved gases generated by Oil degradation,
    Moisture and Cellulose deterioration
    Dissolved Gas Analysis Application
     DGA Test performed to evaluate that Mineral Oil
    used in:
    • Oil immersed Transformer

    • Oil immersed Shunt Reactors

    • Oil Circuit Breakers

    • Oil type OLTC

    • Oil type Instrument Transformers

    is performing its desired functionality.


    o DGA test to be performed Annually as
    Preventive Maintenance to determine
    Incipient Faults for corrective measures in
    Grid Station equipment.
    FAULT TYPES INDICATED BY GDA
    Auto Transformer Maintenance (Contd.)
     The Transformer Oil must be checked every Six
    months for:
     Dielectric Strength
     Moisture Content
     Acidity
     Flash Point
     DDA
     IFT
    o Bushing Terminal Connections
    Cleaning by soft cotton cloths & Checking for cracks
    o Insulation Resistance and Polarization Index

    Must be Checked with battery operated 5KV Megger


    C&DF TEST
     Quality and nature of Insulation
     Dissipation factor is measure of loss of insulation.
    Df should be kept minimum.
     Different conclusions drawn from C&DF test
    CIRCUIT BREAKER
    Circuit Breaker
    Automatically operated electrical switch designed to
    protect an electrical circuit from damage by
    interrupting current flow after a fault is detected.

    Types of Circuit Breakers


     SF6 Circuit Breaker
     Minimum Oil Circuit Breaker
     Air Blast Circuit Breaker
     Vacuum Circuit Breaker
    MAINTENANCE OF CIRCUIT BREAKER
     Visual Inspection
     HV Terminals Connection

    Dismantle Connection, Clean properly, Apply Corrosion


    inhibitor. Should not show Hotspot during Thermo Scan
     Earth Connections should be OK and Porcelain
    Bushing free from cracks.
     Lubrication of Moving and Bearing parts of C.B
    MAINTENANCE OF CIRCUIT BREAKER
    (CONTD.)
    Opening / Closing Timing Test

     Permissible difference between timings of 3 Poles of CB are:


    • Closing Time 5ms (1/4 Cycle)
    • Opening Time 3.33ms (1/6 Cycle)

    o SF6 Dew Point Test


     Dew Point should be > -15 Degree Centigrade
     Moisture Content should be < 350 ppm
    oSF6 Gas Purity Test
    SF6 gas purity should be greater than 95%.
     Contact Resistance Test
    Made between Upper fixed contact and lower
    contact with 100A DC.
     CB contacts contamination
     Chemical residue due to decomposition of SF6 gas

     Min DC Voltage Trip & Closing Trip

     Vidar Test
    INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMERS
    Instrument Transformers are designed to transform V
    or I from high values to low values for utilization in
    low voltage metering devices.
    o Applications
     Metering (Billing purpose)
     Protection Control (System protection)
    o Types of Instrument Transformers
    • Current Transformer CT
    • Potential Transformer PT
    o Typical Output Levels
     CT (1-5 Amp)
     PT (115-120 Volt)
    INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMERS
    MAINTENANCE
     Visual Inspection
     Thermo Vision Scan of Primary terminal of Live CT &
    PT to check Hotspot
     Secondary Terminal and Ground Connection should
    be tight and secured
     Porcelain Bushing is intact with no cracks.

     Dielectric Strength Test of Oil


     >30KV, 40KV, 50KV at 2.5mm gap for 66KV,132KV &220/500KV
     Insulation resistance test of Windings
     Primary winding Insulation test with 2.5 or 5KV Megger
     Secondary winding with 500V Megger
    INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMERS
    MAINTENANCE
     C&DF test
     Current Ratio & Accuracy Test

     High Frequency Earthing point should be checked


    in case not used for PLCC communication
    GRID STATION GROUNDING SYSTEM
     Metal mat (Ground Mesh) increase contact with
    earth and reduce impedance to drain leakage
    current.
     Equipment Ground Connections

     Laying of Overhead Ground Shield/Sky wire and


    its connections with Earth Mesh
     Earth Resistance Test (less than 2 Ohm)
    ISOLATOR
    Isolator is an offload device used to ensure that an
    Electrical circuit is completely De-energized for
    maintenance or service.

    It isolates circuit after opening of Circuit breaker &


    discharge residual charge through Earth switch.
    ISOLATOR MAINTENANCE
    o Contact Resistance test
    o Contact Alignment /Grip
    o Lubrication of sliding/moving/rolling parts
    LIGHTNING SURGE ARRESTOR
    o A surge arrester is a device to protect electrical
    equipment from over-voltage transients caused
    by external (lightning) or internal (switching)
    events.

    o To protect a unit of equipment from transients


    occurring on an attached conductor, a surge
    arrester is connected to the conductor just
    before it enters the equipment.
    LIGHTNING SURGE ARRESTOR MAINTENANCE
    o Visual Inspection (HV terminal connections,
    Porcelain condition, Ground Connections etc.)
    o Operation counter
    o Leakage Current Monitoring Test
     Should be less than 200 micro ampere
    DC SUPPLY SYSTEM
    DC source comes from Rectifier & Battery that are
    connected in parallel to the load.
    Main Components of DC system are:
     Battery Charger
     Battery Bank
     DC Distribution Box
     DC system is backbone of Grid Station Protection.
     Used for operating of Protection Relays, Control
    (DC 110V & 220V) and SCADA Telecom (DC 48V).
     Need of reliable DC system is more evident in
    Faults and Disturbances.
    DC SYSTEM MAINTENANCE
     Monitoring of DC system is vital to ensure
    reliability of System.

    Battery Charger
     Abnormal Sounds and Smell
     Front Panel Indication Lamps
     Float/ Boost voltage settings
     Under / Over Voltage protection
     Current limiter settings
     Body ground connections
    DC SYSTEM MAINTENANCE
    Battery Bank
     Electrolyte level in cells (Distilled water for fluid level)
     Specific Gravity of Cells (Hydrometer)
     Cells terminals Cleaning
     Manual Boost Charge (Initial Charging)
     Battery Impedance Test
     Battery AH capacity Test
     Exhaust Fan in Battery room
    Battery Maintenance Tools & Accessories
    (Hydrometer, Voltmeter, Thermometer, Insulated
    Spanner, Plastic Jug, Plastic Funnel)
    TELECOMMUNICATION SYSTEM
     Telecom Depot provides following three services:
     Speech
     Data
     Teleprotection
    o Telecommunication Equipment Installed at Grid
    Station include:
     RTU
     PABX
     DPLC (HF / Coaxial)
     SDH/PDH (Fiber Optic cable)
     Outdoor Coupling Equipment (Wave Trap, CVT, LMU)

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