Research Presentation

Lance Monilla
Christian Ortiz
Ronald Fere ira
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
PERCEPTION
TOWARDS SMOKING: A
CASE STUDY
Introduction: Current State

Tobacco use remains the single largest preventable

cause of death and disease in the United States.
Cigarette smoking kills more than 480,000
Americans each year, with more than 41,000 of
these deaths from exposure to secondhand smoke.1
In addition, smoking-related illness in the United
States costs more than $300 billion a year, including
nearly $170 billion in direct medical care for adults
and $156 billion in lost productivity.1, 2
In 2016, an estimated 15.5% (37.8 million) of U.S.
adults were current* cigarette smokers. Of these,
76.1% smoked every day.
Research Gap
There are many researches studied
about the smoking among high school
students and smoking among college
students, but there is no further study
about the smoking among senior high
school students.
Addressing the research gap
In order to address the research gap the researchers
will focus on the perception of a senior high school
students about cigarette smoking.
Putting into context
The study is conducted in senior high school
vicente p. Trinidad national high school punturin
valezuela city.
Rationale

This study is to determine the perception of

senior high school students towards cigarette
smoking. In the end, this research study is to
provide awareness about the negative effects
of cigarette smoking in students.
Foreshadowed Problem
1. What are the perception of students about
smoking?

2. What are the perception of parents about smoking?

3. What are the policies and practices of schools and

government about smoking?
 Scope
The study focuses individual experiences and coping
of senior High school students, victims of Cigarette
smoking. The participants of the study are the victims of
Cigarette smoking in Grade 11 Senior High school
students S.Y. 2018-2019 in Vicente P. Trinidad National
High school ages 16-17 years old. The study has one (1)
participant to gather data and information.
 Delimitation:
The study is limited into one (1)
participant only from Grade 11-Lapu-Lapu
and One (1) male participant. The results
and findings may differ upon the number of
participants because if the participants are
more than two it will provide different
results from the different people who
experienced Cigarette smoking.
Significance of the study to theory
• To theory: The Mere Exposure Theory core assumptions of HBM are
that an individual will take a health-related action if he/she expects
that negative health conditions will be avoided by taking the
recommended health action; feels that a negative health condition
can be avoided; believes that he/she can successfully take a health
recommended action. (Rosenstock, 1974)
Significance of the study to practice
• To practice: For the teachers, educators and school administrators
and researcher, the findings of the study facilitated the formulation of
implementing guidelines, policies and practices that will provide
awareness, prevent, and protect the Senior High school students
towards Smoking, and educate the students about the negative effect
of smoking.
Beneficiaries of the Study:
• Students: The results will provide the students with some knowledge
and awareness how it can be avoided. It will give the students a
realization that Cigarette smoking has a negative effect in different
aspects.
• Parents: the parents will understand why there is sudden changes to
the behavior of their children through the given data. The findings
would also help them to educate their children and give awareness to
Cigarette smoking.
• School Administrators: The given data would guide the teachers on
what to do with the students who are Addicted from Cigarette
smoking. Moreover, it will give an idea to implement rules and
regulations on how to prevent cyberbullying.

• Future Researchers:-To conduct a further study that will fills other

gaps. Furthermore, It will serve as the guide to provide deep
understanding with regards to cigarette smoking and to suggest more
implementations and policies on how to prevent and intervene
Smoking.
Related concept
• It is becoming increasingly difficult to ignore the number of youth smokers
today. Because of the diseases smoking can cause, it becomes a threat to
public health. Hence,the public must prioritize decreasing smoking
prevalence. The youth’s inherent characteristic of curiosity makes them
prone to try smoking. Proper education and guidance are needed to
protect the youth from the hazards smoking imposes. In order to delve
deeper on the study, a review of related literature is extensively done by
the researchers.
• In today’s time the smoking prevalence has increased worldwide. It is
estimated that there are about 1 billion smokers globally. In 2014 smokers
consumed 5.8 trillion cigarettes, though the demand for tobacco has fallen
in developed countries, the cigarette production and consumption is
increasingly becoming concentrated in the developing world. (Action on
Smoking and Health, 2015)
Related studies: Foreign study
• ,it is assessed that men smoke about five times as much as women, yet the ratio of female-to-male smoking
prevalence rate differ across countries. In high-income nations, including Australia, Canada, the United
States of America and most nations of Western Europe, females smoke at about the same rate as men.
However, in some low-and middle income nations females smoke less than men. In China, for instance, 61%
of men are accounted to be current smokers, compared with 4.2% of females. Additionally, in Argentina 34%
of men are accounted to be current smokers, compared with 23% of females. (Action on Smoking and
Health, 2015) While females’ smoking prevalence rates are presently lower than men, they are expected to
increase in some low-and-middle income countries. (Hitchman & Fong, 2011)
• Moreover, youth smoking seems to be an alarming and trending issue today. Data from the Global
Youth Tobacco Survey demonstrate that overall smoking rates among boys and girls resemble each other
more than smoking rates among adult females and men, with boys between the ages of 13 and 15 years
smokes just 2 to 3 times more than young girls. (Hitchman & Fong, 2011) According to the Office of National
Statistics in United Kingdom (ONS) that the youngest regular smoker is aged 11-15 years old (Action on
Smoking and Health). Lifetime smoking and other tobacco often starts when children graduated from high
school. Young children's curiosity experimentation frequently develops into regular smoking which turns into
a habitual smoking—well before the age of 18—that can overpower their intention to quit. Consistently
more than 2,500 children under 18 try smoking for the first time. Though very little data are gathered about
smoking of children under 12, the peak years for the first attempt to smoke appears to be in the sixth and
seventh grades or between the ages of 11 and 13. (Bach, 2016)
Related studies: Local study
• Philippines has one of the highest cigarette smoking rates in
Southeast Asia, yet few studies have been published on the smoking
patterns and behaviors of Filipinos. The purpose of this study is to
identify environmental, demographic, cognitive, lifestyle, and
personal health factors associated with smoking cigarettes among
Filipinos in the Philippines.This study analyzed the 2000 Adult
Philippine Behavioral Risk Factor Survey. Both bivariate and
multivariate analyses were conducted to identify factors associated
with being a never smoker, current smoker, and former smoker for
both Filipino men and women.(Gabriel Garcia).
Theoretical Framework
• According to Zajonc, The mere-exposure effect is a psychological
phenomenon by which people tend to develop a preference for
things merely because they are familiar with them. In social
psychology, this effect is sometimes called the familiarity principle.
The effect has been demonstrated with many kinds of things,
including words, Chinese characters, paintings, pictures of faces,
geometric figures, and sounds. In studies of interpersonal attraction,
the more often someone sees a person, the more pleasing and
likeable they find that person.
Assumptions
1. What are the perception of students about smoking? The
students describe Cigarette smoking as a problem that they do continuously. It
refers to the lack of attention of the student in the Smoking that was habitually
done. 2. What are the perception of parents
about smoking? The parents on one hand, see cigarette smoking as a negative
habit of their children. On the other hand, there are parents see cigarette smoking
as a result of having Distress problem.
3.What are the policies and practices of schools and government about smoking?
The school should conduct home visiting to the students that are seeing smoking in
the school so that they will know the reason behind their smoking. Furthermore,
they should conduct a program that could help the students to stop smoking.
Definition of terms:
• Smoking is a hard habit to break because tobacco contains nicotine, which is highly
addictive. Like heroin or other addictive drugs, the body and mind quickly become so
used to the nicotine in cigarettes that a person needs to have it just to feel normal.
People start smoking for a variety of different reasons.
• Smoked tobacco products include cigarettes, cigars, bidis, and kreteks. Some people also
smoke loose tobacco in a pipe or hookah (water pipe). Chewed tobacco products include
chewing tobacco, snuff, dip, and snus; snuff can also be sniffed.
• Tobacco is a product prepared from the leaves of the tobacco plant by curing them. The
plant is part of the genus Nicotiana and of the Solanaceae family. While more than 70
species of tobacco are known, the chief commercial crop is N. tabacum. The more potent
variant N. rustica is also used around the world.
• Smoking addiction is not simply a bad habit—it's an addiction. The drug inside tobacco
that people are addicted to is called nicotine. Just like with other addictions, people who
are addicted to cigarettes have a compulsive need to smoke—their body craves regular
doses of nicotine.
Definition of terms
• Students A person formally engaged in learning, specially one
enrolled in a school or college.
• Impact The action of one object coming forcibly into contact with
another.
Research sampling Technique:
• Convenience Sampling
In convenience sampling the subjects are selected just because
they are easiest to recruit for the study and the researcher did not
consider selecting subjects that are representative of the entire
population.
Instrument of the Study
• In conducting the study, the researchers used Case study as the
research design. As an instrument, the researchers used a semi-
structured interview to gather data, wherein an interviewer does not
strictly follow a formalized list of questions. Interviewing of selected
individuals is a very important method often used by qualitative
researchers. The rationale for using the interview methods is to
enable the researchers to find out what is on the mind of the
participant, what they reasons and how they feel about his
experiences regarding cigarette smoking.
Research design:
• The conducted research is a qualitative research. The research design
of the study is a case study. Case study research refers to an in-depth
detailed study of an individual or small group of individual. Such
studies are typically qualitative in nature, resulting in a narrative
description of behavior or experience. Case study research is not used
to determine cause and effect, nor is it used to discover generalizable
truths or make predictions. The main characteristic of case study
research is that it narrowly focused, provides a high level of details,
and is able to combine both objective and subjective data to achieve
an in-depth understanding.
Results and discussions
• 1. What are the perception of students about smoking?
“Ano ang iyong pananaw sa paninigarilyo? Ang aking pananaw sa paninigarilyo ito
ay makakasama sa kalusugan at malaki ang epekto nito sa iyong pag-aaral at
mahalaga malaman ng kabataan na nagsimula napumasok sa ganitong bisyo na
hindi ito makakabuti sa iyo at sa kapwa. At kailangan nang pagtuunan ng pansin
ng ating pamahalaan dahil marami ng kabataang gumagamit nito”
• According to the Office of National Statistics in United Kingdom (ONS) that the
youngest regular smoker is aged 11-15 years old (Action on Smoking and Health).
Lifetime smoking and other tobacco often starts when children graduated from
high school. Young children's curiosity experimentation frequently develops into
regular smoking which turns into a habitual smoking—well before the age of 18—
that can overpower their intention to quit. Consistently more than 2,500 children
under 18 try smoking for the first time. Though very little data are gathered about
smoking of children under 12, the peak years for the first attempt to smoke
appears to be in the sixth and seventh grades or between the ages of 11 and 13.
(Bach, 2016)
• 2. Ano ang pananaw ng iyong magulang patungkol sa paninigarilyo?
“Ito ay magiging hadlang sa pag-aaral pag nasubukan ang estudyante
sa gantong bisyo. At mas higit nila akong pinagsasabihan na huwag
dapat akong pumasok sa ganitong bisyo dahil walang mabuting
maidulot sa aking katawan at sakit lang ang maibibigay nito sa akin”

Moreover, youth smoking seems to be an alarming and trending

issue today. Data from the Global Youth Tobacco Survey demonstrate
that overall smoking rates among boys and girls resemble each other
more than smoking rates among adult females and men, with boys
between the ages of 13 and 15 years smokes just 2 to 3 times more
than young girls. (Hitchman & Fong, 2011)
• 3. Ano ang mga polisiya at ang mga dapat gawin ng pamahalaan at
paaralan patungkol sa paninigarilyo?
“Nagpatupad sila ng batas na bawal bumili ang minorde edad ng
sigarilyo sa tindahan at lalong lalo na gumamit. At sa paaralan naman
ay mahigpit na ipinagbabawal ang paninigarilyo sa loob ng paaralan.
Dapat talaga na mas higpitan pa ng pamahalaan na pag bawal ang
paninigarilyo sa minorde edad pa lamang”

Consistently more than 2,500 children under 18 try smoking for

the first time. Though very little data are gathered about smoking of
children under 12, the peak years for the first attempt to smoke
appears to be in the sixth and seventh grades or between the ages of
11 and 13. (Bach, 2016)
Conclusion
• The study is conducted to uncover the different aspirations of Senior
Highschool after their experience of being a smoker. The study has
one (1) participants primarily from Grade 11 Lapu-Lapu, Senior
Highschool students of Vicente P. Trinidad National Highschool. The
result discovered that there is different aspiration to Grade 11.
Recommendation
• In the light of the drawn conclusion, the following recommendations are directed:
• 1. The study will provide an awareness and ideas on how to overcome their problems and habits in
smoking.
• 2. The study will provide knowledge and awareness to the student that will help them how to prevent
smoking and how it can be avoided. It will give the students a realization that smoking has negative effects in
different aspects.
• 3. They need a deep understanding to the experiences of their children who was committing smoking.
The study will serve as the guide how they educate their children how to prevent smoking and its negative
effects.
• 4. The study will guide the school administrators on what to do with the students who are committing
smoking and the doing it habitually. Moreover, it will give an idea to implement rules and regulations on how
to prevent smoking of students.
• 5. The study suggests to the future researchers to conduct a further study with more numbers of
participants to provide further understanding and differences to the experience of the students who faced
smoking habit. Furthermore, it will serve as the guide to provide deep understanding with regarding to
cigarette smoking and to suggest more implementations and policies on how to prevent cigarette smoking.
References:
• Ruin A. (2019). Chapter 2 Related Literature. Retrieved from
https://www.academia.edu/26721158/CHAPTER_2_RELATED_LITERATURE

• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2019). Burden of Tobacco Use in the U.S. Retrieved
from https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/campaign/tips/resources/data/cigarette-smoking-in-united-
states.html?fbclid=IwAR3mX64p_zTRrLZwLI-GNl1lruIGl7Nv8KcPilDSrqvC45uBIUQasaEw-2A

• Morris P. (2011). Smoking Research Study. Retrieved from

https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01465880
• Angiol J. (2007). Cigarette smoke and adverse health effects: An overview of research trends and
future needs. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2733016/
• Peterson. A. (2019). Youth and Adult Smoking Research. Retrieved from
https://www.fredhutch.org/en/labs/phs/projects/yasr.html
Appendices:Pictures during interview