Welcome To Jet Engines

WELCOME TO JET ENGINES
By:
Jayashree.P
Contents
1. History of Jet Engines

2. Introduction
3. Parts Of Jet Engine
4. How A Jet Engine works
5. Types Of Jet Engine
 5.1 Ramjet
 5.2 Turbojet
 5.3 Turbofan
 5.4 Turboprop
 5.5 Turboshaft
Continued . . .
6. Comparison Of Turbojets
7. Jet Engine Vs Rockets
8. Difficulties
9. Suggestion For Improvement
10. Merits And Demerits
11. Jet Engine Uses
12. Conclusion
13. Future Vision
14. References
1.History Of Jet Engines
 The first jet engine was built by

Egyptian scientists during 100 B.C
 These device was know as Aeolipile.
 Dr. Hans von Ohain and Sir Frank

Whittle were the main developers.
2.Introduction
• Jet engine is nothing but a Gas turbine.
• It works under the principle of Newton’s third law
• It states that “For every acting force there is an equal

and opposite force”.
• Gas turbine operates like toy balloon

3.Parts Of Jet Engine
 FAN
 COMPRESSOR
 COMBUSTOR
 TURBINE
 MIXER
 NOZZLE
4.How A Jet Engine Works ?
 Jet engines move the airplane forward with a great force that
is produced by a tremendous thrust and causes the plane to
fly very fast.
Continued . . .
Air Intake Fuel Burner

 sucked in by the compressor  Fuel is mixed with the air,
and electric sparks light the
air, causing it to combust.
Compressor
Combustion Chamber
 series of vanes and stators.
 The vanes rotate, while the  The air is burnt.
stator remains stationary.
 compressor speed and  Increase in the temperature
temperature increases of the air, thus increases the
gradually pressure inside the engine.
Continued . . .
Turbine
 Works like a windmill

 The blades gain energy from the
hot gases moving past them.
 This movement is used to power
the compressor.
Jet Pipe and Propelling Nozzle
 The hot air rushes out of the

nozzle.
 high pressure
 Hot air rushes out at very high
speed
5. Types Of Jet Engines
• Ramjet
• Turbojet
• Turbofan
• Turboprop
• Turbo shaft
5.1 Ramjet
•It has no moving parts.
• Its compression ratio depends on

forward speed.
•It has no static thrust
• guided-missile systems, Space

vehicles use this type of jet
5.2 Turbojet
•The turbojet engine is a reaction

engine.
•Substantial increases in thrust can

be obtained by employing an
afterburner
5.3 Turbofan
•The objective of this sort of bypass

system is to increase thrust without
increasing fuel consumption.
•It achieves this by increasing the total

air-mass flow and reducing the velocity
within the same total energy supply.
5.4 Turboprop
•A turboprop engine is a jet engine

attached to a propeller.
.
•Modern turboprop engines are
equipped with propellers that have a
smaller diameter but a larger number
of blades for efficient operation at
much higher flight speeds
5.5 Turboshaft
 It does not drive a propeller.
 it provides power for a helicopter rotor.
 It permits the rotor speed to be kept

constant even when the speed of the
generator is varied
6. Comparison With Turbojets
Turbojet Ramjets
 No compressor, turbine
 Has got compressor, turbine  Light in weight
 Heavy  Mach no 2 to 5
 Mach no. < 2  Start only at Mach 2 and
 Starts with zero initial velocity above
7. Jet Engines Vs Rockets
Jet Engine Rockets
Oxygen from atmosphere for Carry their own oxygen for

combustion combustion
Work only in atmosphere Work in vacuum and atmosphere
Liquid fuel liquid or solid fuel
High Specific Impulse Low Specific Impulse
Complex Structure Simple Structure
High Efficiency Low Efficiency

9. Difficulties
 Time scale of combustion

 Total temperature in combustion chamber
 Coupling the air frame to the engine
 Scramjet cannot operate below mach 4
9. Suggestion For Improvement
 Employ active cooling
 Designing better materials and alloys which retain their strength

at high temperatures
 Smart structures – Structure and material which change their

shapes and properties in flight.
 Design engines which switch from scramjets to ramjets.

10. Merits And Demerits
Merits of Jet engine over IC Demerits Of Jet Engines Over

engine IC engine
 Mechanical efficiency of •Thermal efficiency of Jet engine is low
jet engine is high as compared to IC engine
compared to IC engine.
•Difficult to start
 Weight and speed of jet
engine per HP developed is •Turbine blades need a special cooling
higher than IC engine. system due high temperature
 Ignition and lubricating

systems are much simpler
in jet engine than IC
engine.
11. Jet Engine Uses
 The industry they’re most  The General electric company

prominent in is in the transport used a “turboprop” jet engine to
industry, where they are used to run an electric generator.
propel aircraft, boats, and in some
one of creations such as a  The jet engine is not only used
turbojet powered truck. on aircraft but on boats, where
water jets are used to propel
 The first use of the jet engine was the boat forward..
to power military aircraft.
 The Bell P-59A Airacomet was

also developed by the Americans.
They had a massive advantage
over propeller driven planes, in
that they were much faster
12.Conclusion
 Normal type of jet engine is used for domestic purpose i.e.

Traveling, carrying goods etc.
 Ram and scram type of jet engines used in only in Defence sector.
Because it travels at supersonic speed and generally high level of
training is required.
 Since it travels at such a speed it is can not used for traveling.
 So that common type of jet engines are very common in use.

13. Future Vision
Decreased gross lift – off weight

> Smaller facilities & easier handling
Leading to higher safety
Flights can be aborted, whiles the vehicle glides back to earth
Missions can be more flexible
Wider range of emergency landing sites for intact abort
14. Bibilograph
http://www.freepatentsonline.com Harris, William S.

http://www.freepatentsonline.com Jaeckel, Ernst (DE)
http:// www.google.com
http:// www.boeing.com
http:// www.jet engine.com
Thank You

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WELCOME TO JET ENGINES

1. History of Jet Engines

 The first jet engine was built by

 These device was know as Aeolipile.

 Dr. Hans von Ohain and Sir Frank

• Jet engine is nothing but a Gas turbine.

• It works under the principle of Newton’s third law

• It states that “For every acting force there is an equal

• Gas turbine operates like toy balloon

Air Intake Fuel Burner

 Works like a windmill

Jet Pipe and Propelling Nozzle

 The hot air rushes out of the

•It has no moving parts.

• Its compression ratio depends on

•It has no static thrust

• guided-missile systems, Space

•The turbojet engine is a reaction

•Substantial increases in thrust can

•The objective of this sort of bypass

•It achieves this by increasing the total

•A turboprop engine is a jet engine

 It does not drive a propeller.

 it provides power for a helicopter rotor.

 It permits the rotor speed to be kept

Oxygen from atmosphere for Carry their own oxygen for

Work only in atmosphere Work in vacuum and atmosphere

Liquid fuel liquid or solid fuel

High Specific Impulse Low Specific Impulse

Complex Structure Simple Structure

High Efficiency Low Efficiency

 Time scale of combustion

 Employ active cooling

 Designing better materials and alloys which retain their strength

 Smart structures – Structure and material which change their

 Design engines which switch from scramjets to ramjets.

Merits of Jet engine over IC Demerits Of Jet Engines Over

 Ignition and lubricating

 The industry they’re most  The General electric company

 The Bell P-59A Airacomet was

 Normal type of jet engine is used for domestic purpose i.e.

 Since it travels at such a speed it is can not used for traveling.

 So that common type of jet engines are very common in use.

Decreased gross lift – off weight

http://www.freepatentsonline.com Harris, William S.

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